Potentiality of phytocompounds from Kalanchoe pinnata as an antibiofilm inhibitor of ESKAPE pathogens: A computational approach

Hematopoiesis is a fundamental biological process responsible for the production of blood cells, and disruptions in this process often lead to anemia and related hematological disorders. Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Oken, a medicinal plant belonging to the family of Crassulaceae is widely used in ethnomedicine, and has been reported to possess diverse pharmacological properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective effects. This study evaluated the hematopoietic activity of ethanol extract of B. pinnatum on albino rats induced with acetic acid. Thirty (30) rats were randomly assigned into five groups: normal control, negative control, positive control (Cimetidine, 20 mg/kg), and two treatment groups (100 and 200 mg/kg) of B. pinnatum ethanol extract. The rats were administered with plant extract and Cimetidine for seven days after which all the animals except those in normal control group were induced with acetic acid (1 ml). Twenty-four hours later, they were sacrificed and blood of each animal was collected for hematology analysis. Hematological parameters including packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), and differential leukocyte counts were determined following extract administration using an automated hematology analyzer. Acetic acid exposure significantly altered hematological parameters, elevating WBC (8.30 ± 0.25 × 10⁹/L) and reducing RBC (6.87 ± 0.18 × 10¹²/L), Hb (14.20 ± 0.21 g/dL), and PCV (43.0 ± 0.9 %) as shown in negative control group. Administration of B. pinnatum extract, particularly at 100 mg/kg, restored these parameters towards normal values, showing Hb (14.00 ± 0.20 g/dL), RBC (8.19 ± 0.21 × 10¹²/L), and PCV (41.0 ± 0.8 %) comparable to the normal control (14.10 ± 0.18 g/dL, 7.95 ± 0.19× 10¹²/L, 42.0 ± 0.8 % respectively). The 100 mg/kg dose also normalized leukocyte and lymphocyte counts, while 200 mg/kg produced moderate but less pronounced improvement. Ethanol extract of B. pinnatum leaves exhibits hematopoietic potential by restoring erythrocyte indices and modulating leukocyte balance in ulcerogenic rats. These findings support its traditional use in promoting blood recovery and suggest a therapeutic role in managing anemia associated with ulcerative and inflammatory conditions.

Abstract The Riau Islands of Indonesia possess a distinctive ethnobotanical heritage shaped by the Malay community’s traditional medical practices and the region’s rich coastal biodiversity. Despite Indonesia’s vast flora, systematic ethnobotanical documentation and pharmacological validation of medicinal plants from this region remain limited. This mini review addresses this knowledge gap by synthesizing a book and peer-reviewed studies published between 2019 and 2024 on the use of medicinal plants in the Riau Islands. Literature was systematically collected through Google Scholar using keywords related to ethnobotany, traditional medicine, and phytochemistry, and analyzed descriptively to identify plant species, preparation methods, and bioactive compounds. The review highlights that the Malay community in the Riau Islands utilizes various medicinal plants such as Kalanchoe pinnata, Piper betle , and Eurycoma longifolia , which contain bioactive compounds including flavonoids, alkaloids, and saponins with potential antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic properties, emphasizing the need for scientific validation and integration of traditional ethnobotanical knowledge into modern pharmacological research.

The succulent perennial kalanchoe plant reaches a height of three to five feet. Known as the "air plant," it features bell-shaped pendulous flowers, fleshy dark green leaves that are distinctly scalloped and edged with red, and long hollow stems. According to botanical classification, kalanchoe is referred to by two major Latin names, Bryophyllum pinnatum and Kalanchoe pinnatum. This review provides a thorough overview of the literature on the plant's phytochemicals and therapeutic qualities. Many kinds of chemicals, including alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, phenolics, aliphatic compounds, and diterpenoidal lactones, are said to have been found in the plant. Anti-diabetic, anti-neoplastic, antioxidant, immunomodulation, anti-lipidaemic, anti-allergic, and many more actions that are still being investigated are among the noteworthy pharmacological features.

Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. (Miracle Leaf) in tropical and subtropical regions is widely recognized and utilized as an herbal medicine. The Role as a traditional medicine is rooted evidently in therapeutic properties for wound healing and its various bioactive compounds. This study was aimed to investigate the ethanolic extract of the Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers leaves, Fresh Ethanolic extract of the leaves were prepared and GC-MS analysis were carried out to find the phytochemicals. The GC-MS analysis revealed 32 compounds some of them being Diethyl Phthalate, Squalene, Phytol, Dibutyl phthalate, Delta Tocopherol. The bioactive compounds revealed from the plants showed the anti-bacterial potentials that contributes to the role in wound care and its applications from pharmaceuticals. The Molecular docking was done with the bioactive compounds like squalene, Dibutyl Phthalate, Phytol, Diethyl Phthalate against the protein C-Met and GOT1 with using the drug Gemcitabine that has potential activity against the pancreatic activity. The Results suggested that Squalene and the drug show to well interaction with protein having a binding affinity energy ranging from -7 and -7.7Kcal/mol. Based on the affinity, the C-Met and GOT1 can be used against cancer therapy using gemcitabine.

The phytochemical analysis of the leaves of Asystasia gangetica L., Bryophyllum pinnatum Kurz. and Ageratum conyzoides L. was evaluated using the high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at IITA lab Ibadan. The results of the phytochemical analysis revealed that A. gangetica had a total alkaloid of (45.08%/100g), B. pinnatum (43.03%100g) and A. conyzoides (40.53%/100g). Flavonoid was present where A. conyzoides have a total of (60.95%/100g), A.gangetica (54.04%/100g) and B. pinnatum (24.81%/100g). The vitamin content revealed vitA to be more abundant where A. conyzoides has (36.51%), A. gangetica (30.85%) and B. pinnatum(30.50%). Vitamin B1, B2, B3, B6, B12 C and E were present in varying amounts. This study reveals the quantitative phytochemical constituents present in the alkaloids, flavonoids and vitamins which make these plant samples function as analgesics (pain killer). These plant samples also contain potential useful chemical compounds for modern improvement in the pharmaceutical industry.

“Thuoc bong” or “Song doi” ( Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers or Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) Kurz., Crassulaceae) is a medicinal plant and a traditional herbal remedy native to Vietnam. It is widely used in folk medicine for treating burns, stopping bleeding, and alleviating inflammation. A total of 82 scientific publications on the phytochemical constituents of various parts of K. pinnata were collected from two reputable databases (PubMed and Google Scholar) using the search terms “ Bryophyllum pinnatum ” or “ Kalanchoe pinnata .” Altogether, 620 phytochemicals have been reported from K. pinnata , belonging to various classes such as bufadienolides, flavonoids, triterpenoids, volatile compounds, organic acids, and others. Additionally, studies on the development of quantification methods and quality control procedures for this medicinal plant were also included. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the chemical constituents of K. pinnata based on credible data sources, contributing scientific evidence to support the medicinal value of this traditional herb.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with no cure, with aggregates of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and permanent neurodegeneration. Current therapies have been found to provide complementary effects; therefore, there is a need to establish new therapeutic strategies. The neuroprotective activity of Kalanchoe pinnata (KP) was explored in this study using network pharmacology, molecular docking, and in vitro studies. Bioactive compounds with good pharmacokinetic properties have been identified as the 10 bioactive compounds of KP, such as bryotoxin B, kaempferol, and quercetin. A total of 449 common targets of KP and AD that participate in the PI3K-Akt, MAP, and cAMP signaling pathways were identified (AKT1, TNF, and STAT3). Molecular docking results indicated good binding affinities of these KP compounds with AD-related targets. KP aqueous extract (KPAE) inhibited protrophic cytokines and PI3K/Akt signaling in BV-2 microglial cells in a dose-dependent manner by inhibiting Aβ aggregation, antioxidant activity, and neuroinflammation. The above observations indicate that KP has a multi-target effect against AD, which should be proven by preclinical and clinical trials.

An extensive visual data for reliable identification of medicinal plant leaves

The cornea is an avascular, transparent eye structure. It is responsible for uniform refraction of light that enters the eye and constitutes the anterior-most part of the eyeball. Topically administered drugs are absorbed primarily through the corneal route making the cornea the tissue most susceptible to toxic side effects of topical drugs in the management of ocular diseases. This study investigated the association between self-reported use of Bryophyllum pinnatum and visual acuity in patients presenting with various corneal pathologies. A total of 74 patients met the inclusion criteria of the study from the search in the clinic’s database. Of this group, 5 patients had missing folder records and 69 had sufficient records in their folder for the study. The results show that patients who were diagnosed with corneal pathologies including those that self-report instillation of Bryophyllum pinnatum showed significant visual changes such as reduction in visual acuity. The group that instilled Bryophyllum pinatum had an average LogMAR VA of 0.151 before management and an average LogMAR VA of 0.0938 after management. On the other hand, the group that did not instill the herb had an average LogMAR VA of 0.2183 before management and an average LogMAR VA of 0.2007 after management. There was a wider margin of improvement post-management in the group that instilled the herb than those that did not. However, the difference was not statistically significant (p =0.3049 and 0.3717). In conclusion, this retrospective study does not demonstrate efficacy or causation, but identifies a traditional practice and its correlation with certain clinical patterns, highlighting potential risks of self-administering ocular treatments. It underscores the need for a prospective, controlled trial to assess the safety and effects of standardized Bryophyllum pinnatum extracts on corneal health.

Perceived changes in anxiety symptom burden during treatment with Bryophyllum pinnatum: a prospective, non-randomised, observational study

The objective of this ethnobotanical study was to document and analyze the use of medicinal plant species in the Kichwa communities of Nueva Esperanza and Buenos Aires, located in the parish of Cotundo, Napo, Ecuador. A total of 110 structured surveys were administered, divided into three sections: general information, knowledge and daily use of medicinal plants, and specific characteristics of the species (names, uses, methods of preparation, routes of administration, parts used, and location). In addition, botanical collections were made in situ for taxonomic identification, and Chi-square statistical tests and the TRAMIL significant use level (UST) were applied. The results showed a total of 45 species distributed across 26 families and 38 genera, with Solanum americanum, Verbena officinalis, Kalanchoe pinnata, and Guatteria glaberrima being the most widely used. Most species (69%) were found in primary forests, while 22% were recorded in both forests and farms, and 9% only in farms. Cooking was the most frequent method of preparation (47%), and ingestion as a beverage was the main route of administration (55%), with the use of leaves (42%) predominating over other plant organs. The TRAMIL index allowed us to identify three species with significant cultural importance. In conclusion, the research demonstrates the validity of ancestral Kichwa knowledge about medicinal plants, highlights the cultural and therapeutic relevance of key species, and contributes to the conservation of biocultural diversity in the Ecuadorian Amazon

This study evaluated the neuroprotective effects of Bryophyllum pinnatum (BP) against Lithium Pilocarpine-induced prefrontal cortex (PFC) alterations in a Wistar rat model of seizure disorder. Forty male Wistar rats (120-150g each) were divided into five groups (n=8). Group A (control) received distilled water, while Group B (LiCl-P only) were administered LiCl-P only intraperitoneally {lithium chloride (127 mg/mL) first, followed by pilocarpine (30 mg/mL) after 24 hours}. Group C received LiCl-P with BP (250mg/kg bw), Group D received LiCl-P with BP (500mg/kg.bw) and Group E received LiCl-P with Sodium valproate (200mg/kg bw). Weekly weight changes were recorded. At the end of the experiment, animals underwent neurobehavioral assessments (open field and Y-maze) and were then euthanised; and the prefrontal cortex tissues were either homogenised for biochemical analysis of oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers, and antioxidant enzyme activities, or processed for histology and immunohistochemical analysis. Results showed that exposure to LiCl-P significantly decreases rearing, freezing and centre squares entry frequencies. Results also showed significant increase in glutamate, acetylcholine, MDA, TNF-α; and decrease in GABA and catalase. Histological analysis showed neuronal loss in the LiCl-P groups; andfor the BP treated groups, ameliorating effects were observed at high doses. Bryophyllum pinnatum treatment protects against LiCl-P induced seizures through reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation and neuronal damage; highlighting its potentials as a neuroprotective agent.

The magnetic cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2O4 NPs) have been efficiently synthesized by using Bryophyllum pinnatum leaf extract. The green-synthesized CoFe2O4 NPs have been successfully applied as a heterogeneous and recyclable Lewis acid catalyst for the synthesis of coumarin derivatives through Pechmann condensation in excellent yield under solvent-free conditions. Moreover, synthesized coumarin derivatives have been assessed for their anti-inflammatory activity.. KEYWORDS :Green synthesis, CoFe2O4 NPs, Coumarin derivatives, Bryophyllum pinnatum, Anti-inflammatory activity.

Renal disorders, including acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, nephrolithiasis, diabetic nephropathy, and nephrotoxicity, represent a significant global health challenge due to their high morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic burden. Current therapeutic approaches such as dialysis, transplantation, and synthetic drugs, although effective, are associated with high costs, adverse effects, and limited accessibility. These limitations have stimulated growing interest in Phytomedicine as an alternative or complementary strategy for renal protection and therapy. Traditional medicinal plants have long been utilized in various cultural practices, and recent pharmacological studies highlight their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, antifibrotic, and nephroprotective activities. This review summarizes the therapeutic potential, phytochemical profiles, mechanisms of action, and safety concerns of selected medicinal plants, including Kalanchoe pinnata, Medicago sativa, Musa acuminata, Rheum ribes, Carica papaya, Punica granatum, Zingiber officinale, Panax ginseng, and Vitis vinifera. Evidence from preclinical models demonstrates significant renoprotective effects against oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrosis, and toxin-induced injury. Moreover, some plants show promise in preventing or managing kidney stones, urinary tract infections, and cardiovascular complications associated with renal diseases. However, despite encouraging findings, clinical data remain scarce, and concerns regarding toxicity, dosage standardization, and herb–drug interactions warrant caution. Future research integrating ethnopharmacology, molecular pharmacology, and clinical validation is essential to establish the safety, efficacy, and translational potential of these plant-based therapies in nephrology

Green synthesis of fluorescent carbon dots embedded in silanized cellulose nanofibers: A ensitive and ustainable platform for uranium detection and remediation.

Background: Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.) (Family: Crassulaceae), also known as Kalanchoe pinnatum, is a perennial herb, 3 to 5 meters tall, with opposed glabrous leaves. It is used to treat various illnesses due to its many health benefits. Purpose: This study aims to investigate the biological importance of B. pinnatum leaf extracts against some pathogenic bacteria. Method: Freshly harvested leaves of B. pinnatum were collected, air-dried, pulverized to powder and stored in air-tight containers using standard methods. Extracts were obtained from the powder using ethanol, ethyl acetate and distilled water. Pathogenic bacterial isolates were collected and their identity were confirmed using colonial and biochemical tests. The extracts were screened for antibacterial, antioxidant and phytochemical potentials using standard methods. Result: The highest percentage yield was obtained with the ethanol extract (12.2%) of B. pinnatum and the lowest yield (5.3 %) was obtained with the ethyl acetate extract. The ethanol extract was effective against eight (8) out of the thirteen test isolates, while the aqueous extract had the lowest activity and was effective against only two bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophillus influenzae). The lowest MIC observed with the three extracts is 25 mg/ml. B. pinnatum leaf extracts possess high antioxidant properties that are concentration dependent. The phytochemical constituents that were recorded in this study include saponins, terpenoids, steroids, tannins and glycosides. Steroid was present in only the ethanol extract but absent in the other two. Conclusion: B. pinnatum leaves have antibacterial, antioxidant and phytochemical properties and could be further utilized to manage bacterial infections.

Gut microbiome and antibacterial activities of Bryophyllum pinnatum (Life plant) blend on gut of broiler chickens.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive decline, with limited therapeutic options and adverse effects associated with long-term pharmacological treatments. This study investigated the neuroprotective potential of Bryophyllum pinnatum (B. pinnatum) through integrative in silico and in vivo approaches. Network pharmacology and pathway enrichment analyses (KEGG, Cytoscape 3.10.1) were used to identify compound-target network association. Molecular docking using AutoDock Vina and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations for 200 ns using GROMACS were executed to assess the stability of the key ligands and targets. Cognitive impairment was induced in Wistar rats using scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.). Animals were treated with B. pinnatum hydroalcoholic leaf extract (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) and donepezil (3 mg/kg, i.p.) for 30 days. Cognitive and motor functions were evaluated via Morris water maze, elevated plus maze, locomotor activity, and grip strength tests. Biochemical assays measured acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) activity, β-amyloid (Aβ) levels, glutathione, and lipid peroxidation. Histopathological analysis of brain tissue assessed neuronal integrity. In silico analyses identified multiple phytoconstituents involved in AD-relevant pathways, including MAPK, PI3K-Akt, and cholinergic signaling. Diosmin exhibited high binding affinities to ACHE (-10.3 kcal/mol) and MAO-B (-11.2 kcal/mol), with stable binding confirmed via MD simulations. In vivo, B. pinnatum significantly improved cognitive performance, motor coordination, and antioxidant status while reducing Aβ aggregation and ACHE activity (p < 0.05). Histological findings showed reduced neuronal degeneration and neuroinflammation. These results highlight the multitarget neuroprotective potential of B. pinnatum, with diosmin emerging as a promising plant-derived candidate for AD therapeutics.

BDHerbalPlants: augmented and curated herbal plants image dataset for classification