Online Broadcasting Research Articles

Field-Configuring Institutional Work in Mega-Events: The UEFA European Football Championship

In this study of the last three UEFA European Football Championship (2000, 2004, 2008), we identify institutional entrepreneurs and examine the strategies they use to influence the institution they are part of (UEFA) through the introduction of new information technologies (e-ticketing, online and mobile broadcasting). We build on the literature related to institutional theory and field-configuring events to propose a framework of field configuring institutional change. Our preliminary results suggest that institutions are at play at several levels. For instance, a central key institution, the UEFA, is being maintained through the introduction of new practices (buffer institutions) such as e-ticketing during mega-events (EURO). We describe the type and nature of institutional work used by institutional entrepreneurs involved.

Choosing Is Believing? How Web Gratifications and Reliance Affect Internet Credibility Among Politically Interested Users

This study relied on an online survey of politically interested Web users during the 2004 presidential election to examine the degree to which people judged online information as credible. All online media were seen as only moderately credible, with blogs and online newspapers being rated higher than online broadcast and cable news. Reliance on the online source proved to be the strongest predictor of whether it was judged as credible.

The 'WeTube' in YouTube – creating an online community through video sharing

Video sharing has become a growing social practice, with YouTube being the predominant online video sharing site. Most of the research concerning YouTube's social impact has been focused on quantitative evaluation of the social interaction facilitated by the tools embedded in the site. This study aims to explore the growth of the YouTube online community through the eyes of YouTube users who author video-blogs, and to ascertain whether a community is actually created, or does YouTube remain an online broadcasting platform. Building upon users' perspectives and thoughts, and using grounded theory approach, the foundations of an online community – people, interaction, shared purpose and culture – are analysed to understand how users view YouTube. A new important characteristic of the YouTube online community, face-to-face mediated interaction, will be presented and its role in differentiating the visually enhanced YouTube community from textual communities will be assessed.

Scheduling on-demand broadcast with timing constraints

In a distributed system, broadcasting is an efficient way to dispense data in certain highly dynamic environments. While there are several well-known on-line broadcast scheduling strategies that minimize wait time, there has been little research that considers on-demand broadcasting with timing constraints. One application which could benefit from a strategy for on-demand broadcast with timing constraints is a real-time database system. Scheduling strategies are needed in real-time databases that identify which data item to broadcast next in order to minimize missed deadlines. The scheduling decisions required in a real-time broadcast system allow the system to be modeled as a Markov Decision Process (MDP). In this paper, we analyze the MDP model and determine that finding an optimal solution is a hard problem in PSPACE. We propose a scheduling approach, called Aggregated Critical Requests (ACR), which is based on the MDP formulation and present two algorithms based on this approach. ACR is designed for timely delivery of data to clients in order to maximize the reward by minimizing the deadlines missed. Results from trace-driven experiments indicate the ACR approach provides a flexible strategy that can outperform existing strategies under a variety of factors.

Characterization of signaling and traffic in Joost

Peer-to-Peer (P2P) IPTV applications have increasingly been considered as a potential approach to online broadcasting. Recently, many applications such as PPlive, PPStream, and Sopcast have been deployed to deliver live streaming via P2P. One of the latest systems is Joost, which can deliver both Video-on-Demand and Real-Time services. Measuring and characterizing this application in terms of signaling overheads and traffic profiles helps to better understand the key limitations of current P2P IPTV systems. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is firstly to study the impact of Joost on the network. Secondly, we wish to determine the underlying mechanisms of Joost, distinguishing between the Video-on-Demand and the Real-time services. Our study is carried out through a close investigation and analysis on the traffic of Joost in two types of streaming. Based upon the data tracing and collection, many different statistics have been derived. Our study unveils strengths (e.g. good resilience to end-to-end delay and jitter) and shortcomings (e.g. poor locality) and yields recommendations for future P2P IPTV systems.

Subglacial clast behaviour and its implication for till fabric development: new results derived from wireless subglacial probe experiments

This study has investigated the three-dimensional movement of clasts within deformation till, using embedded wireless probes. These probes were part of an environmental sensor network, which measured subglacial properties (temperature, water pressure, resistivity, case strain and tilt) six times a day, and relayed that data via radio to the glacier surface, where they were forwarded and broadcast on-line. The system was installed at Briksdalsbreen, Norway and operated from August 2004 until August 2006. Approximately 2000 probe days worth of data were collected, with an increase in performance (41% more readings) during the second year. The probes showed similar patterns of water pressure rises throughout the two years, but with slightly different magnitudes and timings. These changes in water pressure could be related to clast behaviour. The probes decreased their dip over the year, and the rate of change was related to an increase in glacier velocity. After initial changes in dip, the probes experienced changes in orientation, followed by rotation about the a-axis. This continuous rotation was similar to the motion suggested by Jeffery [1922. The motion of ellipsoidal particles immersed in a viscous fluid. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A 102, 161–179] for the behaviour of clasts within a viscous material. In addition, some probes also showed short, frequent dip oscillations in spring and autumn, which were interpreted to reflect stick-slip events, similar to lodging; and demonstrated how local conditions can interrupt the predicted rotation pattern. Overall, it is demonstrated that when water pressures were high, decoupling occurred associated with basal sliding and dip oscillations; and when water pressures fell, the ice and sediment were coupled and till deformation occurred. These events happened during summer and autumn. It is this combination of “lodgement” and deformation that builds up both a complex (but predictable) fabric and a resultant composite till sedimentology.

A note on on-line broadcast scheduling with deadlines

In this paper, we study an on-line broadcast scheduling problem with deadlines, in which the requests asking for the same page can be satisfied simultaneously by broadcasting this page, and every request is associated with a release time, deadline and a required page with a unit size. The objective is to maximize the number of requests satisfied by the schedule. In this paper, we focus on an important special case where all the requests have their spans (the difference between release time and deadline) less than 2. We give an optimal online algorithm, i.e., its competitive ratio matches the lower bound of the problem.

Tuning In: Radio Program Targets Speech-Language and Hearing Professionals

You have accessThe ASHA LeaderASHA News1 Oct 2008Tuning In: Radio Program Targets Speech-Language and Hearing Professionals Dee Naquin Shafer Dee Naquin Shafer Google Scholar More articles by this author https://doi.org/10.1044/leader.AN1.13142008.30 SectionsAbout ToolsAdd to favorites ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In Thanks to the Internet and satellite broadcast, specialized radio programs seem to exist for almost any audience, targeting music aficionados, foreign-language devotees, and talk show fans alike. Now speech-language pathologists and audiologists also can tune in to a unique spot on the Internet radio “dial.” The Mississippi Speech-Language-Hearing Association (MSHA) is reaching out to its members and others through MSHA Radio. SLP Ricky W. Burk is drawing on a background in broadcast, recording, and communication disorders to produce a 30-minute talk-format show for SLPs and audiologists. Since January, the show has been available live over the Internet every Tuesday at 3 p.m. (Central Time). About an hour after each broadcast, a recording of the show is posted at the same Web address for replay and/or download. MSHA Radio’s goal is to promote and disseminate information to members through interviews with those involved in current research and those publishing new work, Burk said. “When BlogTalkRadio became available online, I thought it sounded like a perfect match. We just fired it up and gave it a try,” he said, noting that the cost was right—zero. An Executive Board member of MSHA since 1997 and vice president for publications, Burk envisioned the radio program as a different way of reaching out to members. He started his career in speech-language pathology in public schools before switching into radio and recording, doing voice-overs, commercials, and production. After more than a decade, he returned to work as an SLP in public schools and private practice. “BlogTalkRadio is a relatively new online application that has taken a rocket-style lift-off,” he said. Listeners access the live broadcast online and can call in to make comments or ask questions. Up to five people may be on air at one time during the live broadcast. Some use a microphone connected to their computer to call, while most call on a standard land line or cell phone. “It’s absolutely amazing. The speech-language pathology and audiology market is a really, really narrow market,” Burk said. “We had no idea how many people were going to listen live and/or download.” The primary outreach was to MSHA members. The live broadcast still has a low number of listeners compared to the high number of replays, but Burk notes a phenomenal response, with more than 5,000 downloads so far. Listeners can also subscribe to the blog, automatically receiving recorded shows into a computer or MP3 player. Burk’s first radio experience was in high school for a class project on public speaking. He said his undergraduate and graduate study in disordered and non-disordered (broadcast) speech has benefitted his work as an SLP. Burk also brings empathy for those with hearing loss to his work. After an auto accident last year, he wears bilateral hearing aids. Burk considers them assistive technology devices and said that he has made no substantial changes clinically. MSHA is seeking a sponsor to offset the cost of transcribing the program to enable access for those who are hard of hearing or deaf. The transcript would be posted on the Web after the broadcast. MSHA also is exploring outlets that might be able to provide real-time transcription. Ricky W. Burk, vice president for publications, Mississippi Speech-Language-Hearing Association, can be reached at [email protected] or 800-664-6742, ext. 2. He welcomes suggestions for guests and topics. Online Resources Archive for MSHA Radio Following is a list of past shows available for replay or download from the MHSA Radio Web site: John Haskell—Exercises for Voice Therapy Stephen Sieglema—Co-articulation therapy Hope Reed—Counseling Techniques Ann Kummer—Cleft Palate and Resonance Disorders Lynly Stephen—New Techniques for Literacy Development Bonnie Martin-Harris—Evaluation and Treatment of Voice and Resonance Disorders Marshall Chasin—Musicians and Hearing Aids Robert Frisina—The Aging Auditory System Kristin Chemela—Working With School-age Children Who Stutter Carol Gray—Social Stories Cassondra Holly—Functional Communication with Dual Sensory Loss Ray Hull—Talking With Children Ladell Kraft and Sara Case-Price—Prerequisites and Enhancements of Language Development, Birth to Three years Charlann S. Simon—Connecting Speech and Literacy Frances Pomaville—Assessment of Communication Disorders in Children Martine Vanryckegham—Behavior Assessment in School-age Children Who Stutter Donna Geffner and Deborah Ross-Swain—Auditory Processing Disorders Glen M. Tellis—Clinician Views About Assessment and Treatment of Stuttering Audrey Holland—Counseling in the Communication Disorders From a Wellness Perspective Julie Marinac—Phonological Core Dyslexia in Secondary Students Author Notes Dee Naquin Shafer, an assistant managing editor of The ASHA Leader, can be reached at [email protected]. Additional Resources FiguresSourcesRelatedDetails Volume 13Issue 14October 2008 Get Permissions Add to your Mendeley library History Published in print: Oct 1, 2008 Metrics Downloaded 87 times Topicsasha-topicsleader_do_tagleader-topicsasha-article-typesCopyright & Permissions© 2008 American Speech-Language-Hearing AssociationLoading ...

Improved on-line broadcast scheduling with deadlines

We study an on-line broadcast scheduling problem in which requests have deadlines, and the objective is to maximize the weighted throughput, i.e., the weighted total length of the satisfied requests. For the case where all requested pages have the same length, we present an online deterministic algorithm named BAR and prove that it is 4.56-competitive. This improves the previous algorithm of (Kim, J.-H., Chwa, K.-Y. in Theor. Comput. Sci. 325(3):479---488, 2004) which is shown to be 5-competitive by (Chan, W.-T., et al. in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3106, pp. 210---218, 2004). In the case that pages may have different lengths, we give a ( $\Delta+ 2\sqrt{\Delta}+2$ )-competitive algorithm where Δ is the ratio of maximum to minimum page lengths. This improves the (4Δ+3)-competitive algorithm of (Chan, W.-T., et al. in Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3106, pp. 210---218, 2004). We also prove an almost matching lower bound of Ω(Δ/log?Δ). Furthermore, for small values of Δ we give better lower bounds.

Proposal of an Information Compilation Method for Massive News Video Data Based on their Time-Series Semantic Structure

Recent increase of digital storage capacity has enabled the creation of large-scale on-line broadcast video archives. In order to make full use of the data in the archive, it is necessary to let a user easily grasp the availability of certain video data and their contents. Considering this problem, we have been investigating efficient and effective retrieval and reusing methodologies of archived video data. The archive used as a test-bed consists of more than 1,000 hours of news video obtained from a Japanese news program during the past six years. This paper first proposes a news topic tracking and structuring method. A structure called the `topic thread structure', is organized so that it should represent the temporal flow of news topics originating from a specified news story. The paper next introduces a browsing and editing interface that enables the user to browse through news stories along the topic thread structure, and also assists the compilation of selected news stories as a customized video summary or a documentary. The method was applied to the archived news video data in order to observe the quality of the topic thread structure and the usability of the prototype interface. As a result, some structures represented the flow of topics quite close to real-world comprehension. In addition, experiments showed that when the structure could be considered meaningful, the interface combined with the structure could drastically reduce the time needed to browse through the archive for news stories related to the user's interest.

Giving Sam a Second Life: Beckett's Plays in the Age of Convergent Media

Giving Sam a Second Life:Beckett's Plays in the Age of Convergent Media Sean McCarthy In 1984 JoAnne Akalaitis directed a production of Samuel Beckett's Endgame at the American Repertory Theater (ART) in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Among her many directorial choices, Akalaitis set the play in a derelict subway tunnel with charred subway cars and included music by Philip Glass. Although it was not the first time that a director of one of Beckett's plays had taken liberties with the text, a very public debate developed around the Akalaitas production. Grove Press, Beckett's publishers, took legal action against the ART; the issue was settled out of court through the agreement of an insert into the program, part of which was written by Beckett himself: Any production of Endgame which ignores my stage directions is completely unacceptable to me. My play requires an empty room and two small windows. The American Repertory Theater production which dismisses my directions is a complete parody of the play as conceived by me. Anybody who cares for the work couldn't fail to be disgusted by this. (qtd. in Kalb 79) This surprisingly stern rebuke by the usually mild-mannered Beckett and the attendant legal tussle made the ART's production of Endgame famous. The incident sparked a vigorous debate in both the popular and academic presses about the issue of authorial control in general and Beckett's zealous guardianship over the production of his plays in particular. In 2008 a quick search on the World Wide Web finds thousands of links to Web sites and multimedia content relating to Beckett. These include biographical sites that contain abundant information about this prolific playwright, novelist, poet, and critic. Many sites are home to reproduced Beckett texts not sanctioned by the Beckett estate or his publishers, unofficial archival footage of famous productions of the stage, television, and radio plays, and engaging (if often bizarre) interpretations of many Beckett texts in a variety of media. Much of this work is by anonymous people unrelated [End Page 102] to the "Beckett industry," those publishers, scholars, biographers, theater companies, media corporations, and artists who contribute to the vast and growing body of art and scholarship inspired by Beckett's life and work. In fact, the number of amateur productions of Beckett on the Web suggests that audiences have left their darkened auditorium seats to produce their own Beckett plays, oblivious, perhaps, to the controversy and legal wranglings such productions would have caused only two decades ago. The coexistence of these Beckett performances online contributes to what I call Beckett "in the wild": performances of Beckett's works that almost always diverge from what he prescribed and which, by being freely available on the Internet, seem to have broken loose of any professional or legal legitimacy. What has happened to the life of Beckett's texts between the notorious Endgame production in 1984 and a simple Web search in 2008? Beckett's works continue to be popular and resonate with audiences. But the major difference between now and twenty-four years ago lies in the rapid development and popularity of online technologies. Using Beckett as a case study, this essay explores how current media practice is changing texts generally ascribed to traditional literary or theatrical genres. Beckett is an apposite choice in this regard, partly because his innovative use of technology and the apparently simple staging of his plays have made him a popular choice for online broadcast. The curious life of Beckett online includes not only a wealth of important archival material, but also a fascinating range of experimental performances of his plays—many of them amateur, and presumably lacking the imprimatur of the Beckett estate. Throughout, I turn to Henry Jenkins's theory of convergence to help contextualize this exploration of Beckett in the complex media culture of 2008. Ultimately, I look ahead to possible directions in the future of Beckett online, suggesting that virtual environments such as Second Life offer productive possibilities to engage with Beckett's texts in the twenty-first century. Before the advent of the Internet, a clear split existed between those who produced media and those who consumed it. Now, thanks...

Podcasting 101: What the Web's New Trend Means to You

First, the phenomenon of blogging changed the rules for online publishing. Now, podcasting has opened the world of online broadcasting to anyone with a PC, a microphone, and a net connection. Don't be mistaken, podcasting, which gets its name from a combination of broadcasting and the Apple iPod, isn't just for fun and games. You can find plenty of podcasts focused on music, talk-radio style banter, and humor, but podcasts also now serve key purposes for news organizations, businesses, and even politicians trying to connect with voters. Furthermore, they're making news in education, especially in universities with the resources and funding to support early applications.

ANALISIS TREN ONLINE LIVE STREAMING PADA WEBSITE DAN YOUTUBE TELEVISI BERITA DI INDONESIA

The vast adaptation of online live streaming through news channels in Indonesia, utilised as one of the online broadcast media. This research was conducted through a qualitative approach and meta-analysis method that is derived from one of the private news television data in Indonesia. The analysis explained that the trend of using online live streaming on websites and Youtube to get news information continues to increase rapidly and allows its users to adopt more online shows rather than conventional ones which then triggers a shift in business and media convergence in Indonesia.

Video Presentation Recording and On-Line Broadcasting

Distance learning programs use on-line video records to deliver pre-recorded lectures. And, video communication systems can be used as a discussion tool. In this paper, we start our discussion on a multimedia presentation recording system which we had developed. We then present how the video recording concept can be further extended to realize an augmented video conferencing system, which can be used as a peer-to-peer discussion tool, as well as a lecture broadcasting system. We also point out that an object tracking technology can be further integrated to enhance the tool, to enable a more realistic and useful system for the discussion in distance education.

Caching and Scheduling for Broadcast Disk Systems

Unicast connections lead to performance and scalability problems when a large client population attempts to access the same data. Broadcast push and broadcast disk technology address the problem by broadcasting data items from a server to a large number of clients. Broadcast disk performance depends mainly on caching strategies at the client site and on how the broadcast is scheduled at the server site. An on-line broadcast disk paging strategy makes caching decisions without knowing future page requests or access probabilities. This paper gives new implementations of existing on-line algorithms and reports on extensive empirical investigations. The gray algorithm [Khanna and Liberatore 2000] always outperformed other on-line strategies on both synthetic and Web traces. Moreover, caching limited the skewness of broadcast schedules, and led to favor efficient caching algorithms over refined scheduling strategies when the cache was large.

System Architecture for On-line Broadcast Archives

Consumer friendly delivery of multimedia digital services is drawing world attention. Broadcast archives are valuable multimedia resource centres, stocking audio and video materials of interest to a vast population across the globe. There is great potential of using these archival material for on-line access of information in respect of the material and also to some extent direct delivery of the material itself. The present paper describes the system architecture and implementation issues of an On-Line Broadcast Archives Management system (OL-BAMS) which entails all the functions of storage and dissemination taking advantage of emerging technology.

On-line broadcast archives for interactive video

Delivery of user specified interactive multimedia digital services is drawing worldwide attention. With the availability of a greater number of channels as a result of video compression and the receding geographical barriers, content providers are hard pressed to meet the programme requirements. Broadcast archives are valuable multimedia resource centres, stocking audio and video material of interest to a vast population across the globe. There is a great potential for using these archives for on-line interactive access of these material. The paper describes the system architecture and implementation issues of an on-line broadcast archives management system (OLBAMS) which entails various functions of storage and dissemination, taking advantage of emerging digital technology, viz. video servers, OODBMS, CORBA, MPI video, use of Java applets for set-tops, webTV, or computers.

Sensing atmospheric water vapor with the global positioning system

Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, water vapor radiometers (WVRs), and surface meteorological equipment were operated at both ends of a 50‐km baseline in Colorado to measure the precipitable water vapor (PWV) and wet delay in the line‐of‐sight to GPS satellites. Using high precision orbits, WVR‐measured and GPS‐inferred PWV differences between the two sites usually agreed to better than 1 mm. Using less precise on‐line broadcast orbits increased the discrepancy by 30%. Data simulations show that GPS measurements can provide mm‐level separate PWV estimates for the two sites, as opposed to just their difference, if baselines exceed 500 km and the highest accuracy GPS orbits are used.