British Visitors Research Articles

Restructuring a tourist industry to attract the British visitor: An examination of tourism marketing pressures in the Cherbourg peninsula

With an increasing number of Britons crossing the Channel, French ferry ports are looking at ways of attracting and retaining tourists in their own right. This paper examines the case of one of the rapidly expanding ports — Cherbourg. The paper considers the need for a change in visitors' perceptions to encourage travellers to spend' more time in the area. Methods to obtain that shift are explored and cover the initial research exercise coupled with marketing communications policy as a second stage. The study concludes there is a need for a formal public and private sector body to debate, develop, implement and monitor a common tourism policy.

Image and Reality: British Visitors to National Socialist Germany

Image and Reality: British Visitors to National Socialist Germany

British Visitors to National Socialist Germany: In a Familiar or in a Foreign Country?

The whole country is vibrating with life, with vitality, with enthusiasm, with horror ... History is in the making and all Germany is intensely conscious of the process. Something new is evolving which innumerable Germans hope and believe will lead the twentieth century ... Germany to-day is a seething cauldron, a great mass of molten metal, and it is as yet difficult to see the shape into which it is being cast.2

The Changing Pattern of Imported Malaria in British Visitors to Kenya 1987–1990

Following a sudden increase of imported malaria from Kenya in December 1989-January 1990, an investigation was set up to identify risk factors for travellers' malaria. A questionnaire asking for details of travel patterns and compliance with prophylaxis was sent to cases reported over the 6-month Kenyan winter period. Quarterly malaria attack rates between January 1987 and June 1991 were calculated and linked to meteorological conditions in Mombasa. The number of travellers to Kenya has doubled in the 4 years studied and the quarterly rates varied 4-fold over this period. There was no clear seasonal pattern of malaria in travellers, nor was there any clear relation of malaria to coastal rainfall. Compliance with chemoprophylaxis was poor, with only 16% of cases using currently advised regimens. While the annual malaria attack rate per 10,000 travellers decreased by 37% over the study period, the total numbers of malaria cases imported from Kenya rose by 61%, reflecting the increase in the numbers of travellers to the region. As the popularity of East Africa as a tourist destination continues to increase, Kenya will remain an important and significant source of malaria imported into the UK.

Gardzienice: a Village, a Theatre, and a Cultural Crossroads

Appropriately, this feature on the Polish theatre group Gardzienice is something of a cultural mix, in which the impressions of an English visitor may be contrasted with the voice of a Polish admirer – and the beliefs of the group itself, expressed in the words of its director, Wlodzimierz Staniewski. In the winter of 1989–90, Paul Allain, a graduate student at Goldsmiths' College, University of London, visited the company at its ‘headquarters’ – which is also, in effect, the small and remote Polish village from which Gardzienice takes its name. This was at a time when the new. Solidarity-led government had yet to be fully felt. Here, Allain describes the training methods and disciplines of the company which, within the context of its physical environment, have come to constitute a lifestyle as much as an approach to theatre. Janusz Majcherek writes rather of the significance of Gardzienice in relation to the ancient and fundamental need for a homeland – a need which, in Staniewski's writings, is related to the company's own hopes and plans. All this material was in our hands well before the upsurge in nationalist feeling which has succeeded the political changes in eastern Europe: and it may be felt to reflect ironically upon alternative ways of ‘returning home’ – on the one hand through the actuality or threat of civil war and the struggle for an elusive slice of the ‘free market’, on the other in that quest for a lost history and inheritance, for healing connections with one's environment, which is reflected theatrically in the work of Gardzienice.

Tourism in Malta

Abstract This paper traces the evolution of the environmental implications. Future prospects for tourism in Malta since 1955. Data derived from a questionnaire survey of tourists are used to demonstrate the problems of the industry: discussion focuses on its uneven impact on the Maltese islands, the over‐dependence on British visitors, the seasonality problem, the inadequacies of the infrastructure and the industry are briefly assessed along with marketing strategies.

Risk of malaria in British residents returning from malarious areas.

To identify which British residents travelling abroad are at greatest risk of malaria infection, and to determine the efficacy of malaria chemoprophylaxis for preventing P falciparum infections in tropical Africa. Prospective cohort study (case-base linkage) with routine national surveillance systems. Denominators (base population) were obtained from monitoring a random sample of returning British travellers with the international passenger survey. Numerators (cases) were obtained from reports of malaria infections in British residents, through the Malaria Reference Laboratory network. International passenger survey conducted at passport control of international airports in Britain. Malaria reports received nationally were collated centrally in London. 2948 British residents (0.2%) returning to Britain in 1987 randomly selected and questioned and 1052 British residents with microscopically confirmed malaria infections in 1987, whose case reports were reviewed and on whom additional data were collected by postal survey. Annual incidence subdivided by categories of risk. Chemoprophylactic efficacy for east and west Africa by principal regimens and compliance. Annual rates of reported infection per 100,000 travellers to Oceania were 4100; to west and east Africa were 375 and 172 respectively; to Latin America, the Far East, and the Middle East were 12, 2, and 1 respectively. Immigrants visiting friends and relatives in Ghana and Nigeria were at greatest risk (1303 and 952 per 100,000 respectively) in west Africa. Business travellers to Kenya experienced the highest attack rates in east Africa (465 per 100,000). Age-sex specific attack rates varied by region. No prophylaxis was reported to have been used by 23% of British visitors to west Africa, 17% to east Africa, 46% to central or southern Africa, and 58% visiting south Asia. The efficacy of chloroquine plus proguanil against P falciparum infection was 73% and 54% in west and east Africa respectively. Lower values were obtained for chloroquine alone and proguanil alone. The efficacy of Maloprim (pyrimethamine-dapsone) was 61% in west Africa, but only 9% in east Africa. Visitors to west Africa who did not comply with their chemoprophylactic regimen were at a 2.5-fold higher risk of infection than fully compliant users. Non-compliant visitors to east Africa had similar rates of infection as non-drug users. In 1987 chloroquine plus proguanil was the preferred chemoprophylactic regimen for P falciparum infection in Africa; antimalarial drugs must be taken regularly to be effective.

Visitor centres and environmental interpretation: An exploration of the relationships among visitor enjoyment, understanding and mindfulness

Environmental interpretation, a key concept in the literature on environmental education, has usually been studied in relation to visitor centres at national parks and historic sites. This article reported a secondary data analysis of material originally collected by the Countryside Commission on 17 British visitor centres. The aims of the current research were to explore more fully the relationships among key variables related to environmental interpretation; namely visitor enjoyment, visitors' information recall, visitor mindfulness and visitors' own beliefs in how much they had learned. Using a series of partial correlation coefficients, it was concluded that the link between visitors' information recall and enjoyment across all the centres was minimal, and that this relationship was not being suppressed appreciably by confounding visitor and centre characteristics. Further analyses revealed a moderate positive correlation between visitor enjoyment and mindfulness, thus indicating that visitors were being mentally stimulated by their experience in. a more general way. A multidimensional scaling analysis of visitors' reactions to the 17 centres produced a two-dimensional solution which could be interpreted in terms of the interpretive theme at each centre and the quality and diversity of the displays. Finally, cross-tabulations revealed a relationship between interpretive theme (historic and conservation as opposed to general) and visitors' mindfulness, increased information recall and enhanced perception of how much they had learned.

Presidential Transitions and Foreign Policy: The American Experience

More than 20 years ago when I was still a professor at Berkeley, I was visited by a young official, a member of what was then the British Colonial Service. He had just completed several weeks in Washington where he had watched with fascination the transition of Jack Kennedy to the presidency. His observations, I believe, included our supreme transition disaster of modern times: the Bay of Pigs. My British guest was appalled by what he perceived as the backbiting and the disorderliness that characterized our transfer of government and contrasted it, with pleasant but cocky superciliousness, to transitions in Great Britain.I Long before my British visitor flaunted his impressions, I had been wondering about the problems and the costs and the dangers of our presidential transitions, whose punctuation points are engraved on the Gregorian calendar. Changes in organizational leadership are common and inevitable in all societies. But the changes are often less pervasive, less intensive within the organizations concerned, and less frantic than ours. A few weeks ago, the Board of Visitors of the University of Virginia announced its appointment of a new president who would assume office in the summer of 1985. Let us imagine that the transition to this new president were comparable to that of a new president of the United States. First, he would have just completed a bitter and acrimonious campaign against the incumbent and his administration, little conducive to harmonious and constructive relations between the two and their staffs. He would be expected to dismiss, on the very day of his assumption of office, the provost, all the vicepresidents, deans, and department chairmen, the entire personal staff in his office, and a number of tenured professors friendly to the predecessor administration. Some of the top replacements would assume office on that day, but the majority of the offices would remain vacant for weeks and months. Few of the appointees to the top positions would have had significant experience at the University of Virginia or any other university (except as students), and some would be outspoken opponents of public higher education. These might even include the new president himself. He would almost certainly arrive bearing a variety of promises and commitments-to make appointments, establish new schools and programs and abolish others, change the standards of entrance as well as of graduation, reorder the cur-

Typhoid fever among Swedish visitors to Kos in 1983

Seven cases of confirmed typhoid fever were discovered among 26 Swedish visitors to the Greek island of Kos in 1983. They had all stayed at the same hotel during the last week of June and the first week of July. During the same period 32 British visitors and 16 visitors from other Scandinavian countries who stayed at the implicated hotel also developed typhoid fever. By analysing questionnaires and by personally interviewing the Swedish visitors, a close association with the eating of salad at dinner on the 4th of July was found. As soon as the first Swedish case was discovered, a carrier among the hotel staff was suspected because it was known that one Swedish and one Finnish case of typhoid fever had been reported in 1981 and 1982 respectively, both patients having stayed at the implicated hotel.

The Changing Profile of the Summer Capital of British India: Simla 1864–1947

INDIAN hill stations have often been portrayed as islands of European settlement, providing colonists with a retreat, both from the heat and the native culture of the plains.British planners meant them to be English enclaves, but the image owes not a little to the innumerable references available in accounts written by the British in India. Hill stations, with their thickly wooded hills and swirling mist, afforded colonists an opportunity to build around themselves a replica of English life. The presence of European women in large numbers at hill stations enhanced the image. They, more than their men, tended to withdraw within the closed circle of European society. It was an endless succession of balls, archery, fetes, picnics and amateur theatre. Their diaries, letters and novels covering almost a century, hardly ever went beyond an account of the rounds of social engagements. The view has been perpetuated by fiction. Simla had its Rudyard Kipling, and that hill station was peopled by larger-than-life images created by the writer in the 1880s. But so vivid was the evocation that British visitors seemed to search for them in Simla even a quarter of a century later.

Care of the elderly in The Netherlands.

Netherlands, separated from Britain by less than 100 miles of North Sea, has a culture very similar to our own. It shares the same high population density as south east England, with just over 14 million people living in an area of 13 500 square miles (35 000 sq km). Dutch are prosperous, they have made good use of their windfall of natural gas from the North Sea, and their stock of houses, hospitals, schools, and industrial plant has largely been rebuilt since the second world war. Now, however, they have to face the prospect of the gas running out at a time of economic stagnation. On my most recent visit to Amsterdam the streets were littered with un collected rubbish?evidence of a long drawn out strike; no post had been delivered for several weeks?again due to a strike; and the Dutch have substantial problems with drug addiction, disaffected youth, and ethnic minorities?all too familiar to the British visitor. Yet there are no bleak vistas of unreconstructed urban decay, and the visits I made to sheltered flats and nursing homes showed that the Dutch, like the Danes, used the economic prosperity of the 1960s and early 1970s to give the elderly a share of the rising living standards. In the words of one of the foundations that provide accommodation for the elderly, The care of elderly people is no longer a task for their children. Our society has grown too complicated for this duty. It is therefore society as a whole that has assumed responsibility.

German science in six days.

This must be Heidelberg because it's Thursday: the perennial aside from the package tourist had more than a ring of truth about it for six science journalists taken from Munich via W?rzburg and Nuremberg to Heidelberg and on to Bonn in a week. The tour had been arranged by the German Embassy in London to show the British visitors some aspects of biom?dical research in the Federal Republic. The topics ranged from molecular biology to solar generators with medicine somewhere in the middle. Add to the cocktail an unexpected and sustained heatwave and an equally unexpected political crisis in Bonn and my overall assessment became largely impressionistic.

Through French eyes: Rigaud's drawings of Chiswick

Abstract When Jacques Rigaud (c. 1681–1754) came to England, about February 1733, he was already a well-known draughtsman and print-seller whose shop in the rue Saint Jacques must have been patronized by British visitors in Paris. He was famous for his views of French cities, châteaux and gardens, most of which were engraved and published in sets; among his recent works were Les Promenades du Luxembourg (1729) and Les Maisons Royales de France (1730). According to Vertue, it was ‘at the request of Mr. Bridgman the Kings gardner’ that he made a visit to England.2 This seems quite likely, as Rigaud's most important commissions were views of gardens designed by Bridgeman or in his style. The French artist drew a few royal gardens like Hampton Court, St. James's Park and Richmond, but worked mostly for aristocratic patrons. He made at least two drawings of Claremont for the duke of Newcastle,3 and no less than 15 views of Stowe for Lord Cobham, which were later engraved by Bernard Baron.4

Les Anglais à Montpellier et à Nice pendant la seconde moitié du siècle

English visitors in Montpellier and Nice. During the second part of the 18th century, the South of France attracted many english visitors, some of them the «splenetic travellers » Sterne spoke about. Two towns had their favour, as is attested by the numerous travel accounts and diaries. The first one, Montpellier, offered a pleasant climate, a renowned University and a choice society, mainly during the meetings of the États provinciaux. It went nevertheless soon out of fashion and was deserted by the english «milords » for a younger, cheaper and sunnier rival : Nice. For this, Smollett's Travels through France and Italy can be held partly responsible. During the years 1770-1790, the british tourists who spent the winter in Nice (they were 300 in 1784) became a good source of income for the locals, though they were careful not to mix with them.

The Surgical pathology of Rectal Cancer

N English visitor to the United States A of America is bound to be overwhelmed at first by the realization of what a lot the OId World has to learn from the New, especiahy in the organization and application of scientific knowledge. I have been very conscious of this when studying the organization of pathoIogic services in your hospitals \vhich fill me with admiration and envy. Even in the specia1 subject on which this article is based, I know ful1 well that I have learned much in the past and am still learning from American pathologists and surgeons. At the same time I venture to think that 1 have something to give in return because for twenty-live years I have been in charge of the Department of Pathology at St. Mark’s Hospital, London, a special hospital for the treatment of diseases of the rectum and coIon. Soon after I was appointed pathoIogist to this hospital in rg23 I developed a method of examining specimens of intestinal cancer so as to learn as much as possible in each case about the origin, structure and spread of the tumor. I have been fortunate in having been able to continue this work without interruption over a long period, so that in more than 3,000 cases full detaiIs are now available as to the size and position of the primary tumor, the extent of local and venous spread, and the exact number, size and position of a11 Iymphatic metastases. This experience has Ied us at St. Marks to adopt a threefoId cIassification of intestinal cancer based on the gross characteristics, histology and extent of spread of the tumor. This has proved to be of special value from the point of view of prognosis after surgical treatment.

Eighteenth-Century English Visitors to France in Fiction and Fact

Eighteenth-Century English Visitors to France in Fiction and Fact

English visitor to JAVA

English visitor to JAVA

Further news on the first English visitor to Indonesia

Further news on the first English visitor to Indonesia

The agonies of medicine in the USA.

A British physician and recent visitor to the United States records his observations on the present situation of health services in America. While progress has been made since his last visit 7 years ago, much remains to be accomplished. Some obstacles to an effective national health care system in the organization of medicine in the United States are noted, and some suggestions for achieving the goal of adequate medical care for all Americans are offered.