Institutions In England Research Articles

Comparing the effect of oath commitments and cheap talk entreaties in contingent valuation surveys: a randomised field experiment

ABSTRACT Contingent valuation is a common methodology for eliciting preferences for non-market goods under hypothetical scenarios. Bias reduction strategies have been developed when evaluating low-cost realistic policy changes, including cheap-talk scripts, that alert respondents to tendencies to overstate values, and oath scripts, whereby respondents promise to answer valuation questions truthfully. This paper is the first large-scale experimental comparison of cheap-talk and oath commitments, amongst randomly-assigned respondents, in a field-setting using hypothetical voluntary donations. The data come from three general population surveys eliciting willingness to pay (WTP) for cultural institutions in England. We find limited and case-specific evidence regarding the effectiveness of cheap-talk and oath scripts in affecting stated values, which we attribute to realism and low cost of the proposals, which arguably diminishes hypothetical bias and produces realistic WTP values. We find evidence of the depressing effect of entreaty script on WTP or probability of paying in principle in only one of three case studies. Future research should replicate this experimental design with larger sample sizes and on non-voluntary payment mechanisms. Given the inconsistent findings across three large-scale experimental field studies, our recommendation is to include both cheap-talk and oath scripts where possible, and only cheap-talk where survey length is constrained.

The Mid-Victorian Codification of the Practice of Public Prosecution

The Book of Regulations of 1868 seems to have been the first comprehensive and printed collection of administrative instructions of general application from crown counsel in crown office, as representatives of centralised government, for implementation by procurators fiscal in the sheriff courts. The latter, acting locally, were engaged in the actual investigation of crime within the Scottish system of public prosecution. The comprehensive contents of the book, a benchmark in its own right, established the mode of investigating serious crime and reporting it for consideration for prosecution, and brought up to date a collection of relevant statutory authorities without subsuming or compromising Scottish autonomy in these matters, nor any closer association with comparable institutions in England.

Roy Schafer (1922-2018).

This article memorializes Roy Schafer (1922-2018). Schafer was a major theoretician of psychoanalysis. He began his long professional life in the famous Menninger Clinic in Topeka, Kansas, conducting psychological diagnostic research. Early on he became known for foundational work on the Rorschach test. Schafer pursued traditional ego psychology in the then-new Western New England Institute of Psychoanalysis in New Haven, Connecticut, where he became a Training Analyst. He was the Chief Psychologist in Yale Department of Psychiatry (1953- 1961), and later worked with Yale students in the health services (1961-1976). In 1975-1976, he became the first Sigmund Freud Memorial Professor at University College London. Returning to New York, he wrote about, taught, and supervised analysts at the Columbia University Center for Psychoanalytic Training and Research. Also a Clinical Professor at Weill Cornell Medical College, he left that post in 1979 to establish an independent practice. Due to his ongoing developmental interests and his experiences in London, he began to bridge American classical ego psychology with contemporary Kleinian thinking. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

What is the current state of debate around the use of contextualised admissions for undergraduate admissions? A review of the current stakeholder perspective

ABSTRACT Higher Education Institutions in England are an integral part of the government’s social mobility strategy. Contextualisation of undergraduate admissions decisions has emerged as a key tool towards progressing social mobility objectives. The present paper builds on our previous 2013 research by describing findings from 15 qualitative interviews with stakeholders in contextualised admissions. Stakeholders were drawn from government, non-governmental and third sector bodies including those representing the voice of schools and young people. We find that data challenges continue to be a main barrier to the application of contextual admissions. Respondents thought that more consistency and transparency between universities would be helpful to assist applicants and those who support them to better understand contextual data use in undergraduate admissions. Views are divided about whether differential admissions offers represent the most important application of contextual data. Respondents saw potential for using contextual data beyond admissions for supporting students at university and into further study or employment.

Effect of low-level BCR-ABL1 kinase domain mutations identified by next-generation sequencing in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia: a population-based study

Kinase domain mutations in BCR-ABL1 are associated with resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) allows detection of low-level kinase domain mutations, but its relevance in clinical practice remains debated. We aimed to examine the clinical effects of low-level kinase domain mutations identified using NGS in patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia. In this population-based study, we included consecutive patients newly diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukaemia treated with first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and patients identified at the time of resistance to first-line treatment with imatinib at six institutions (teaching hospitals and district hospitals) in southeast England. We screened patients for BCR-ABL1 kinase domain mutations using NGS, irrespective of patient response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. When we detected a mutation with NGS, we retrospectively analysed all previous samples to establish the date of first occurrence and subsequent kinetics of the mutant subclone (or subclones). The primary endpoints of this study were progression-free and event-free survival at 5 years. Between Feb 1, 2007, and Dec 31, 2014, we screened 121 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia for BCR-ABL1 kinase domain mutation. 99 consecutive patients were newly diagnosed, with available sequential RNA stored. The remaining 22 patients were diagnosed between June 1, 1999, and June 30, 2006, and were screened at the time of resistance to first-line treatment with imatinib. Imatinib was the first-line treatment for 111 patients, nilotinib for seven patients, and dasatinib for three patients. We detected a kinase domain mutation in 25 (21%) of 121 patients. Low-level kinase domain mutations were first identified in 17 (68%) of 25 patients with mutation. For patients with a complete cytogenetic response, 13 (14%) of 93 patients screened had a mutation. Five (71%) of the seven patients with a clinically relevant mutation lost complete cytogenetic response compared with 15 (17%) of 86 patients without a clinically relevant mutation (80 patients without mutation and six patients with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor-sensitive mutation, p=0·0031). Patients harbouring a mutant clone had poorer 5-year progression-free survival (65·3% [95% CI 40·5-81·8] vs 86·9% [75·8-93·2]; p=0·0161) and poorer 5-year event-free survival (22·2% [CI 5·6-45·9] vs 62·0% [50·4-71·6]; p<0·0001) than did patients without a mutation. We identified a kinase domain mutation in four (10%) of 41 patients with samples available at 3 months after starting first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment; all four subsequently progressed to accelerated phase disease compared with only three (8%) of 37 without a mutation (p<0·0001). NGS reliably and consistently detected early appearance of kinase domain mutations that would not otherwise be detected by Sanger sequencing. For the first time, to our knowledge, we report the presence of kinase domain mutations after only 3 months of therapy, which could have substantial clinical implications. NGS will allow early clinical intervention and our findings will contribute to the establishment of new recommendations on the frequency of kinase domain mutation analysis to improve patient clinical care. None.

Academic perspectives on teaching international family law in higher education institutions in England and Wales

ABSTRACTThe increasing prevalence of family law disputes in England and Wales with an international element is well documented in the development of domestic legislation, case law and family practice. However, despite changes to the legal landscape and the academic recognition of international family law as a legal subject, it is still often disregarded within the undergraduate family law curriculum or as a standalone module. This article explores the development of international family law in England and Wales and presents the findings of a national questionnaire into whether international family law is taught as part of the undergraduate curriculum. The article also explores what barriers exist to including international family law topics. To conclude, the author offers some general advice about incorporating these topics into the curriculum to ensure that students are equipped to deal with the realities of family practice in England and Wales.

Offensive waste valorisation in the UK: Assessment of the potentials for absorbent hygiene product (AHP) recycling

Offensive human waste refers to non-hazardous waste that contains body fluids from non-infectious humans, comprised of post-consumer Absorbent Hygiene Products (AHPs), swabs, dressings, bedding, gloves, and other materials. While this waste category requires more stringent handling, storage and disposal measures than general waste, its non-hazardous nature suggests that there are opportunities for waste valorisation. An inventory of 200 offensive human waste bags collected from various healthcare institutions in South-Eastern England show that about 76% of the waste is comprised of AHPs, most of which are adult incontinence pads and child nappies. Mixed plastics comprised of predominantly HDPE represent 9% of the waste. To evaluate the potentials for offensive human waste valorisation, small-scale separation tests involving artificially-soiled nappies and associated mixed plastic packaging wastes have been performed. Findings suggest that about 50% of the total superabsorbent polymer is recoverable from fluff pulp fractions, recoveries of which are unaffected by the presence of ionic species typically present in human waste. On the other hand, recovery of mixed plastic packaging is more challenging. Overall, however, findings suggest that viable AHP recycling is possible if recyclate materials are targeted towards non-food related markets outlets such as the construction and land remediation sectors.

Academic identity, confidence and belonging: The role of contextualised admissions and foundation years in higher education

This article presents a cross‐national exploration of responses to widening participation (WP), with a specific focus on the provision of foundation year (FY) programmes and the use of contextualised admissions (CA) in selective Irish and UK institutions. There remains a dearth of research on these routes, with little understanding of the characteristics of students who utilise them, of why students use these routes and little knowledge of their effect on students’ experiences in university and their overall sense of belonging. A year‐long longitudinal comparative case study design examined three alternative entry routes in two selective higher education institutions (HEIs) in England and Ireland: a well‐established FY; a newly formed FY; and a CA pathway. Data were collected through a mixed‐method approach. Questionnaires and in‐depth focus groups were employed at fixed points with participating students in each route. Results indicated that FY students had lower levels of familial educational history and parental occupation. FY students’ sense of belonging significantly increased over the year, with students reporting increased confidence and sense of belonging due to the relationships established during the FY. CA students’ sense of belonging remained the same, with students reporting feeling different and isolated. Results indicate that while students utilising FYs may be ‘more disadvantaged’ than CA students, their experiences helped establish a sense of belonging; illustrating the need for diverse WP routes catering to a wide range of needs. Results highlight the importance of providing opportunities to develop social and bridging social capital for all non‐traditional students.

Student Experiences of Using Online Material to Support Success in A-Level Economics

Current research has demonstrated that the leap from GCSEs to A-Levels is the greatest transition learners will go through in their educational journey. This paper looks into student attitudes towards utilising online resources to succeed in A-Level exams. Students are now expected to retain information across the two-year course, so this research looks into how educators can support such learning. Data tracking, questionnaires and interviews were conducted with Year One Economics students in a 16-19 educational institution in South-East England. The research identified that students require online resources to support them in their knowledge construction and retention; however, educators need to be wary of making certain assumptions. Learners’ digital capabilities are still developing, so educators need to promote online resources that will support learner needs, as well as ensure that the material is both accessible and easy to use

英国城市设计运作的半正式机构介入： 基于CABE 的设计治理实证研究

英国城市设计运作的半正式机构介入： 基于CABE 的设计治理实证研究

Enhancing Learning for Early Years Foundation Degree Students: Empowerment through Heutagogy and Reflecting on the Notion of Knowledgeable Others

Abstract This paper reports on a small-scale practitioner enquiry undertaken with 17 work-based learners studying on a two-year Early Years Foundation Degree programme in a higher education institution in England. The first aim of the enquiry was to identify the perspectives of a cohort of work-based Early Years Foundation Degree students on teaching strategies they experienced at a higher education institution in the English midlands. The second aim was to identify how the findings could be applied to curricular and andragogic enhancements for future students. Beliefs and attitudes questionnaires were administered to the students half way through their programme. Findings indicate that students valued strategies that included the direct input of the lecturers they regarded as ‘more knowledgeable others’ (Vygotsky, 1978), yet they rated peer support as less effective for their learning. Findings indicate that early years students’ applications of learned theory to work-based practice may need to go beyond a singular notion of ‘communities of practice’ (Lave &amp; Wenger, 1991). Although these students are positioned and position themselves as more knowledgeable others in their own workplace communities, they regard themselves as lacking knowledge in their higher education community. As members of these various communities, they straddle heutagogic and andragogic approaches in their respective communities of practice. In recognition of this, the paper argues that not only should higher education lecturers working with work-based students adopt andragogic strategies but they should also promote heutagogic approaches that increase student autonomy. They should also communicate explicitly to their students the value of such strategies for learning in the field, both in theory and practice.

Дискуссия о европейском опыте при обсуждении судебной реформы в русской журнальной периодике (1857–1864).

Purpose. Analyzed articles about past and present European of justice, published in the periodical socio-political (“Russian Gerald”, “Domestic notes”, “Contemporary”) and departmental (magazines published by ministries) publications in 1857–1864 in the context of discussions on judicial reform. Results. A total of 43 texts on the past and present of European justice were identified, which belong to 25 authors. The authors identify as professors of low and civil servants. At the heart of their professional worldview was the state-historical school of law, so they revealed through the press its values. Refined of the most discussed topics: the organization of local justice, advocacy and jury. There is a discussion between the supporters of the English and French justice systems, their argumentation is considered. Supporters of the English judicial system argued that England is not as similar to Europe as Russia, so its experience may be interesting. But they stressed that the judicial institutions of England are very closely connected with its specific history and culture. Adherents of the French model of justice found positive its organization, uniformity and high educational level for judicial officials and lawyers. They also pointed out that in the countries of continental Europe, where justice has been reformed in the French model, it is functioning successfully. Proved the dependence between the final orientation of the printing on the French model and the assumption of office of Minister of justice D. N. Zamyatnin. Conclusion. It is emphasized that, in addition to respect for the judicial systems of European countries, there were skeptical judgments about the use of these samples in the Russian Empire.

Religion in cathedrals: pilgrimage, heritage, adjacency, and the politics of replication in Northern Europe

ABSTRACTMuch of this thematic issue emerges from work carried out for an AHRC-funded project, Pilgrimage and England’s Cathedrals, Past and Present Cathedrals (PEC). In this introduction, we explore the possibilities of developing a new sub-field oriented around exploring the shaping of belief and praxis in and by cathedrals. After noting the renewed popularity of these institutions in England, we provide a brief history of cathedrals within and beyond Europe, highlighting both particular periods of expansion and pilgrimage practices relating to them. We emphasize the significance of cathedrals in juxtaposing ‘sacred space’ with ‘common ground.’ This approach is complemented by a focus on how cathedrals both embody and encourage material and liturgical forms of ‘replication’—a theme that provides a useful comparative approach for historians and ethnographers alike. Potential for future research is also briefly discussed.

The genre regime of research evaluation: contradictory systems of value around academics’ writing

This article addresses how academics navigate different kinds of prestige and different systems of value around what ‘counts’ in academic writing, focusing particularly on the impact of the genre regime associated with research evaluation in the UK Research Excellence Framework (REF). It draws on data from an Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC)-funded project working with academics across different disciplines and different institutions in England. We interviewed people about their writing practices several times, exploring their practices, life histories, institutional contexts, and the tools and resources they draw on as they write. Academics’ research writing is framed within explicit institutional and departmental strategies around the numbers and publication venues of research outputs, driven by institutions’ need to succeed in the national competitive research evaluation system. Such institutional strategies do not always map well onto other values systems in which academics have been trained and within which they locate themselves. The articles analyses the interviews we carried out, exploring how academics negotiate tensions between these systems of value and considering the implications of this for what is considered to be important in academic work and, therefore, what it means to be an academic.

Postmodernism as a Theoretical Framework for Learner Autonomy Research

The multidimensional nature of current conceptualisations of learner autonomy combined with the need to access both individual and social constructions presents both ontological and epistemological challenges when researching a pedagogy for learner autonomy. This paper will discuss the advantages and challenges to exploring the development of learner autonomy and its implication for practice from a postmodernist and social constructivist perspective, based on a qualitative case study of the development of advanced specialist and non-specialist foreign language learners and their teacher as a learner practitioner-researcher, in a large Higher Education Institution in England. It will show, in particular, how such methodology facilitates a dynamic research design, providing an opportunity to adapt and use existing theories whilst maintaining a strong emphasis on the learner’s ‘voices’. It will conclude with a set of recommendations together with the limitations of such an approach.

A documentary analysis of the support services offered to adult learners with dyslexia in higher education

ABSTRACTThe National Student Survey (NSS) seeks to measure how ‘satisfied’ students are with their programmes of study and educational experience. Ongoing NSS data demonstrates that global satisfaction scores are increasing; however, when this is separated into disabled and non-disabled students, downward satisfaction trends for disabled students are apparent. Around half of these students will have dyslexia. This ‘snapshot’ documentary analysis evaluates the currently publicly available information outlining the support services that are available for students with dyslexia. The survey focuses upon a sample of higher education institutions (HEIs) in England. Findings indicate that there are notable differences in the types and consistency of support offered across the sample institutions. The most frequently used model is that of additional learning support (ALS), where support is provided outside of the usual class contact time. Mentoring provides benefits for students with dyslexia but fewer than half of the institutions surveyed offered this. Subject specialist mentoring is particularly beneficial but there is little evidence of this taking place. There is a level of support in all the institutions that appears to meet the requirements of the Equality Act (2010) but this does not necessarily indicate that dyslexic students are supported in the most effective way.

Missing the Boat? Measuring and Evaluating Local Groundfish Purchases by New England Institutions

Missing the Boat? Measuring and Evaluating Local Groundfish Purchases by New England Institutions

Comparison of four methods of establishing control limits for monitoring quality controls in infectious disease serology testing.

A general trend towards conducting infectious disease serology testing in centralized laboratories means that quality control (QC) principles used for clinical chemistry testing are applied to infectious disease testing. However, no systematic assessment of methods used to establish QC limits has been applied to infectious disease serology testing. A total of 103 QC data sets, obtained from six different infectious disease serology analytes, were parsed through standard methods for establishing statistical control limits, including guidelines from Public Health England, USA Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI), German Richtlinien der Bundesärztekammer (RiliBÄK) and Australian QConnect. The percentage of QC results failing each method was compared. The percentage of data sets having more than 20% of QC results failing Westgard rules when the first 20 results were used to calculate the mean±2 standard deviation (SD) ranged from 3 (2.9%) for R4S to 66 (64.1%) for 10X rule, whereas the percentage ranged from 0 (0%) for R4S to 32 (40.5%) for 10X when the first 100 results were used to calculate the mean±2 SD. By contrast, the percentage of data sets with >20% failing the RiliBÄK control limits was 25 (24.3%). Only two data sets (1.9%) had more than 20% of results outside the QConnect Limits. The rate of failure of QCs using QConnect Limits was more applicable for monitoring infectious disease serology testing compared with UK Public Health, CLSI and RiliBÄK, as the alternatives to QConnect Limits reported an unacceptably high percentage of failures across the 103 data sets.

Post-Materialist Integral Ecology

Abstract This essay is an example of a post-materialist science in the work of molecular biologist Candace Pert. Post-materialist science supersedes materialist-reductionist science and integrates spirituality with materiality. This discussion is motivated by the author’s experience as an academic in a New England institution. Integral ecology is entangled with post-material science as in the work of cosmologist Brian Swimme, Thomas Berry and Mary-Evelyn Tucker. The last part discusses the author’s creation of a non-profit organization in the Peruvian Upper Amazon. The work of her center is a response to requests by the local indigenous leadership for an alternative to their slash and burn form of agriculture. The alternative is the regeneration of a pre-Columbian anthropogenic Amazonian soil known as Terra Preta do Indio (black earth of the Indians) in Brazil, which integrates materiality and spirituality and offers the possibility of food security and sovereignty as well as climate mitigation.

Opening Remarks: Celebrating Western New England’s 60th Anniversary: Hans Loewald’s Enduring Contribution to Psychoanalysis

ABSTRACTThe introduction of the 2015 Western New England Psychoanalytic Society Spring Symposium addresses Hans Loewald as an innovator and pivotal contributor to modern psychoanalysis. The opening remarks of the symposium give a glimpse into the vibrant analytic atmosphere that permeated the Western New England Institute for Psychoanalysis (WNEIP), at the forefront of training and professional analytic development from the very start. In 1955 Hans Loewald joined this newly founded WNEIP; his revolutionary approach has inspired generations of analysts, and his work has been an essential component of the history of the Western New England Psychoanalytic Society.