Bridging Effect Research Articles

Suppression of the height deviation on metal bumps manufacturing by an ultrasonic vibration control

On-demand droplet printing based on piezoelectric micro-jet device (PMJD) is considered a flexible and high-precision method to generate metal droplets directly for flip-chip bonding in industrial electronics. However, the quality of flip-chip bonding is closely related to the height deviation of the solidified droplets (the metal bumps), which is influenced by the complicated hydrodynamics of impacting and oscillation of the droplet with oxide film. Here, the numerical and experimental investigations are first conducted to study the effect of the liquid bridge and deposition parameters on the height deviation of the solidified droplets. The rapid oxidation of the liquid bridge and under-oscillation during the deposition process are the main reasons for height deviation. In addition, the undamped oscillation with high-speed impact and instantaneous solidification also deteriorates the height deviation. To this end, an oscillation control strategy based on ultrasonic-assisted metal droplet deposition (UAMDD) is proposed and verified to be a reliable regulation strategy to suppress the height deviation of the printed bumps. The effective regulating range of height deviation is studied experimentally by changing the ultrasonic vibration amplitude. Finally, a 10 × 10 array composed of 100 solidified metal droplets is printed with the UAMDD, which has the height deviation of 554 ± 6 μm. And the dimensionless height deviation (Δh/h) of solidified bumps is stayed below 2.1 %.

Numerical study on the dynamic amplification factors of highway continuous beam bridges under the action of vehicle fleets

The mechanism and reasonable values of the dynamic amplification effect of highway continuous beam bridges under the action of vehicle fleets are quite complex and very unclear at present. This study, using 23 highway continuous beam bridges with the main span lengths from 32 m to 165 m as research objects, investigates the mechanism and influencing factors of the dynamic amplification factors (DAFs) of highway continuous beam bridges under the action of vehicle fleets based on the vehicle-bridge coupled vibration analyses. The results show that the travelling speeds and vehicle intervals (VIs) exert an important influence on the DAFs of continuous beam bridges. The maximum dynamic response at different travelling speeds and VIs is searched in this study, the maximum static response at different VIs is also searched, and their ratio is regarded as the effective DAFs. Based on the calculation results, it is concluded that when the roughness surface condition (RSC) is ‘good’ (or ‘average’), the effective DAFs for the vertical displacement and vertical bending moment at the mid-spans can safely take a value of 1.15 (or 1.30); those for the vertical bending moment at the inner supports and shear force can safely take a value of 1.10 (or 1.20); and when the bridge fundamental frequency is less than 1.0 Hz, all DAF values can take a value of 1.05 (or 1.10). Meanwhile, the relevant provisions in AASHTO LRFD (2017) and CEN (2003) are considered on the safe side when RSC is ‘good’ or ‘average’.

Mechanical Characteristics and Damage Constitutive Model of Fiber-Reinforced Cement-Stabilized Soft Clay

Marine soft clays are prevalent in coastal regions of China, giving rise to engineering challenges such as salt swelling, corrosion, and load bearing in foundations with soft soil. This study is dedicated to enhancing the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced cement-stabilized soft clay (FCSSC) and revealing its strengthening mechanism. Uniaxial compression tests are performed to explore the impact of fiber length, fiber amount, and curing ages on mechanical behavior. The stabilization mechanisms of cement and glass fibers are explored through damage analyses and microscopy. Based on the experimental results, a damage constitutive model is formulated for FCSSC, and its validity is established by comparing fitting curves with testing curves. The results demonstrate a significant improvement in the mechanical properties of the stabilized soil, attributed to the synergistic effects of the cement and glass fibers. The growth rate of the unconfined compressive strength decreased with increasing curing ages. Notably, the fiber length significantly impacted the strength index, with short-chopped fibers playing a crucial role in strength enhancement. The compressive strength exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease with rising fiber content, reaching a maximum between 0.3% and 0.4%. The bridging effect of the glass fibers proved effective in inhibiting compression crack expansion and mitigating structural damage of the soil sample. However, excessive fiber content or length led to improved local porosity, resulting in the deterioration of strength and deformation properties. The stress–strain curves fitted using the proposed damage constitutive model accurately reflected the stress–strain relationship and deformation characteristics of the FCSSC.

G-C3N4 modified with non-precious metal Al with LSPR as an efficient visible light catalyst.

The issue of water pollution has emerged as a formidable challenge, prompting a pressing need for solutions. The utilization of metal nanoparticles with surface plasmon resonance and semiconductor composite photocatalysts is regarded as a highly effective approach to solve this problem. g-C3N4 is an effective catalyst for the degradation of organic pollutants. Its photocatalytic performance is usually enhanced by the use of the noble metal Au Ag. However, the high cost of these materials limits their application. In this study, we present the synthesis of Al NPs/g-C3N4 nanocomposites using the bridging effect of ligands. The characterized of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) proved that Al NPs/g-C3N4 with a wider light absorption range were successfully synthesized. The effects of ligands, (glutathione (GSH), glutamic acid (GAG), and cysteine (CYS)), Al diameter (40 to 200 nm) and the ratio of Al to g-C3N4 (1:1 to 5:1) on the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) by Al NPs/g-C3N4 were also evaluated. The results showed that the optimum degradation efficiency of Al NPs/g-C3N4 for MB at 5 mg/L reached 100% within 60 min, which was 11 times higher than that of pure g-C3N4. The principal analysis of Al enhancing the photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4 was studied through transient photocurrent spectroscopy (TPC), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and steady-state transient fluorescence spectroscopy (PL). The results confirmed that hot carriers generated by localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) of Al nanoparticles increase the carrier concentration. In addition, the Schottky barrier generated by Al and g-C3N4 could also improve the carrier separation rate and increase the carrier lifetime. This work is expected to solve the problem of organic wastewater treatment and lay the foundation for subsequent research on photocatalysis.

Harnessing the joint effect of approach bridges in arch bridge construction: an analytical study on thrust stiffness and elevation error mitigation

Achieving full equilibrium for the horizontal component force of the backstay in cable-stayed arch bridges is challenging, and the stiffness of the buckle tower has a notable influence on the overall shape of the main arch structure. Increased stiffness in the buckle tower leads to reduced construction complexity. Therefore, this study proposed a method of enhancing the longitudinal thrust stiffness of the buckle tower using the joint effect of approach bridges. A sensitivity analysis was conducted on the approach bridge–composite buckle tower structure to determine the optimal combination method, resulting in the formulation of an analytical expression for the thrust stiffness of this structure. In this study, numerical analysis was performed to explore the composition mechanism of the thrust stiffness influenced by the pier–girder connection, and we discussed the applicability of the joint effect of approach bridges during the cantilever assembly process of arch ribs. The following conclusions were obtained: 1) prior to installing the main girder of the approach bridge, when the steel buckle tower and the junction pier have already been secured, the most effective approach is to form a “T” rigid structure by firmly connecting the main girder of the approach bridge with the composite buckle tower. This configuration provides self-weight deflection and pier–girder rotation restriction effects. 2) The study presents analytical formulas for the completely rigid pier–girder connection of the approach bridge–composite buckle tower structure, partially rigid pier–girder connection, and pre-deviation. Combined with the calculation program, this can guide structural design. 3) When a large downward elevation error of the arch ribs occurs in the middle and later stages, the cable force needed to install new arch segments becomes overly large. Therefore, the joint effect of approach bridges can be utilized to substitute for a portion of the cable force, effectively reducing potential elevation errors that might arise in subsequent arch ribs in the absence of this joint effect.

A network analysis bridging the gap between the big five personality traits and burnout among medical staff

BackgroundBurnout is a common issue among medical professionals, and one of the well-studied predisposing factors is the Big Five personality traits. However, no studies have explored the relationships between these traits and burnout from a trait-to-component perspective. To understand the specific connections between each Big Five trait and burnout components, as well as the bridging effects of each trait on burnout, we employed network analysis.MethodsA cluster sampling method was used to select a total of 420 Chinese medical personnel. The 15-item Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory-15 (CBF-PI-15) assessed the Big Five personality traits, while the 15-item Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) assessed burnout components. Network analysis was used to estimate network structure of Big Five personality traits and burnout components and calculate the bridge expected influence.ResultsThe study revealed distinct and clear relationships between the Big Five personality traits and burnout components. For instance, Neuroticism was positively related to Doubt significance and Worthwhile, while Conscientiousness was negatively related to Accomplish all tasks. Among the Big Five traits, Neuroticism displayed the highest positive bridge expected influence, while Conscientiousness displayed the highest negative bridge expected influence.ConclusionsThe network model provides a means to investigate the connections between the Big Five personality traits and burnout components among medical professionals. This study offers new avenues for thought and potential targets for burnout prevention and treatment in medical personnel, which can be further explored and tested in clinical settings.

Effect of thermal bridges on the energy performance of Chinese residential buildings

Thermal bridges may represent up to 50 % of the building's envelope area and may increase the energy consumption of buildings by up to 30 %, however their impact is often not taken into account adequately in China. In this study, the energy performance of a typical two-story residential building under four different Chinese climate zones is investigated using WUFI Plus program in terms of annual heating and cooling energy demands. Several typical thermal bridges were taken into consideration. Two methods were used to evaluate the effect of thermal bridges on the building energy performance, the simplified method commonly used in China and the dynamic 3D modelling method, and were compared to do not consider thermal bridge. Also, two different types of building envelope, brick wall and aerated concrete wall, were used to evaluate the effect. The results show that by taking into account the thermal bridges, the annual heating energy demands of residential building increase 21.2 %, 24.8 %, 27.8 %, and 16.6 % under the four Chinese climate zones. Therefore, attention should be paid in the building envelope design to reduce thermal bridges. Compared to the dynamic 3D modelling method, the simplified method underestimates annual heating and cooling energy demands.

On the use of selective Z-pinning in stiffened composite panels to prevent skin/stringer debonding

Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) composites have been widely used in engineering. This paper investigates the effect of composite z-pin (polyimide fiber/epoxy resin) on flexural properties of skin/stringer composite structure with different z-pin densities and diameters. Compared with unpinned specimens, the peak loading and energy absorption of z-pinned specimens are increased by 98% and 9 times, respectively. Parameterized research indicates that the optimal z-pin density is 1.35%. And thin z-pins are beneficial to improve the peak loading and energy absorption, which attributes to more total contact area of z-pins. The statistical results present that z-pin pre-hole inserted (ZPI) process can significantly reduce initial damages of z-pinned specimens compared with Ultrasonically Assisted Z-fiber (UAZ) process. Specifically, the z-pin inclination angle is decreased by 60%, and the initial damages in eye-like zone are prominently reduced. The z-pin makes the specimen exhibit the quasi-brittle behavior under flexural loading by playing a bridging role, which makes the flexural properties of specimens prominently increased. In addition, the “snubbing effect” will enhance the bridging effect of z-pins, but it will lead to inter-fibers debonding, splitting, and shear failure of z-pins.

Experimental and Numerical Assessment of the Thermal Bridging Effect in a Reinforced Concrete Corner Pillar

This paper discusses experimental and simulated data regarding the thermal bridging effect in a reinforced concrete corner pillar, which belongs to a building dating back to the 1980s and located in Southern Italy. The thermal field determined by the concrete pillar corner has been evaluated, introducing an experimental procedure based on both direct measurements and indirect observations of the inner superficial temperature by means of thermal imaging techniques and surface temperature probes. Moreover, indoor and outdoor air temperature and relative humidity were measured to provide suitable boundary conditions in the numerical simulations, performed with a commercial software tool widely used in Italy based on 2D finite element techniques. The experimental measurements show that, at more than 50 cm from the corner, the surface temperatures become almost constant, meaning that the thermal bridging effect becomes less evident. However, the surface temperature in the corner is around 1.5 °C lower than in the undisturbed flanking walls. In terms of local heat flux, the discrepancy between simulations and measurements is below 3%. Finally, this paper verifies the effectiveness of External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS) renovation in reducing the thermal bridging effect of the corner pillar. The results also include the calculation of the linear thermal transmittance with a series of relations available in well-known atlases for thermal bridges and show that these relations are more reliable in the case of uninsulated pillar than for the insulated one.

Study on bending failure and crack characteristics in ductile fiber‐reinforced concrete beams

AbstractIn this study, we designed six polypropylene fiber‐reinforced concrete (PP‐FRC) beams and three reinforced concrete (RC) beams for experimental studies. Then, we analyzed the effects of incorporating PP fibers on the cracking performance of PP‐FRC beams from the perspectives of load‐displacement response, crack distribution, crack depth, crack width, crack spacing, and deformation coordination. The research results showed that the cracking load and number of cracks were positively correlated with the volume ratio of PP fibers, while the maximum crack width, average crack spacing, and average crack depth were negatively correlated with the volume ratio of PP fibers. Due to the bridging effect of fibers, the PP‐FRC beam body and reinforcement could deform in a coordinated manner within a specific loading range after cracking, which increased the deformation coordination ability between the body and reinforcement. In this study, the cracking mechanism of PP‐FRC beams was investigated. Firstly, the formula for calculating the cracking moment of PP‐FRC beams was derived from the perspective of equivalent bending tensile strength. Then, based on the fiber bridging law and the bond strength between PP‐FRC and reinforcement, theoretical formulas were proposed to predict the average crack spacing and maximum crack width of PP‐FRC beams. Finally, through comparison, it was found that the proposed formulas could be used for characteristic crack prediction.

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Electrochemistry of Mono- and Bis-Homoannular Ferrocene Derivatives

Two ferrocene derivatives, namely, 1,2-(tetramethylene)-ferrocene and 1,2,1′,2′-bis(tetramethylene)-ferrocene, were synthesized in a four-step reaction sequence starting from ferrocene. Friedel–Crafts acylation of ferrocene using succinic anhydride gave mono- or bis(3-carboxypropinoyl)-ferrocene depending on the stoichiometry of succinic anhydride. The reduction of the keto groups to methylene followed by ring-closing using trifluoroacetic anhydride gave 1,2-(α-ketotetramethylene)-ferrocene or 1,2,1′,2′-bis(α-ketotetramethylene)-ferrocene. The diastereomeric mixture of the latter diketones was separated using column chromatography, characterized via single-crystal X-ray analysis, and assigned its stereochemistry. Reduction of the keto groups to methylene under Clemmensen conditions gave homoannular mono- or bis(tetramethylene)-ferrocene derivatives. The molecular structure of 1,2-(tetramethylene)-ferrocene revealed that the ipso carbon atoms of the cyclopentadienyl group are 0.023(3) Å farther away from Fe(II) compared to the remaining three carbon atoms. Both complexes exhibit lower half-wave oxidation potentials than ferrocene, possibly due to the electron-releasing effects of the tetramethylene bridges.

Thermal analysis of tubular daylight guidance system on an insulated flat roof with overlying soil

As an emerging passive daylighting technology, tubular daylight guidance systems (TDGSs) are increasingly used in low-energy buildings. However, TDGS may become a thermal bridge to increase indoor air conditioning load. To avoid an increase in total energy consumption, the thermal analysis of a flat roof section with a TDGS is simulated using CFD in this work. Additionally, the simulation compares the heat transfer performance of a conventional TDGS with eight different designs TDGS that contain additional glass unit. The findings show that TDGS has a thermal bridging effect on an insulated flat roof with overlying soil. The additional glass unit in the middle of the conventional TDGS with diameter 500 mm decreases its overall heat transfer coefficient by 53 %. Further, the same thickness of glass is divided into 4 layers and evenly distributed inside the TDGS with diameter 500 mm, which can reduce the total heat transfer coefficient of the conventional TDGS by 67 %.

Combined impacts of aluminum and silica ions on RO membrane fouling in full-scale ultrapure water production facilities

In this study, a fouled reverse osmosis (RO) membrane from a full-scale ultrapure water (UPW) facility was autopsied and investigated to propose the fouling mechanism and mitigation strategies. Although the influent was introduced to the coagulation and ultrafiltration as the pre-treatment processes, thick fouling layers were found over the entire RO surface. The foulant was mainly composed of aluminum silicates due to the elevated Al concentration (up to 100 μg/L) originated from the coagulation process utilizing polyaluminum chloride, and high recovery (up to than 90%) of RO process. Lab-scale fouling tests also confirmed that the elevated Al concentration in the RO influent contributed to significant flux decline due to a bridging effect with negatively charged organic matter and the formation of aluminum silicates. The application of polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride as an alternative coagulant successfully mitigated the organic and silicate fouling. Therefore, control of the residual aluminum ions originated from the coagulation process is critical to mitigate both organic and inorganic fouling on RO membrane surfaces during the production of UPW.

Effective mechanisms responsible for increased strength and fracture strain of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic/steel hybrid laminates

The tensile properties of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP)/steel laminates have been observed to exceed the expected values predicted by the rule of mixture. While the CFRP/steel laminate is expected to fail at the failure strain of the CFRP lamina, it was observed that hybridization with a steel lamina improves the failure strain. This study investigates numerically and analytically the roles of each influential mechanism responsible for this enhancement, including the thermal residual strain, bridging effect, effect of compressive transverse stress on CFRP layers, and effect of tensile transverse stress on steel layers. To assess these mechanisms, multiple finite-element and analytical models were developed. A mesoscale finite-element model was proposed, which uses novel random fiber distribution algorithm capable of reproducing random fibers with high fiber volume fractions exceeding 65%. Rather than the meso-scale model, macro finite-element models and analytical relationships were developed to assess each hybrid mechanism. Analysis showed 6% increase of the failure strain due to thermal effect and up to 11% increase of strength due to multiaxial stress in steel layer. The results of this study contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of each phenomenon that contributes to improved tensile properties in hybrid CFRP/metal laminates.

A Multifunctional Cementitious Composite for Pavement Subgrade.

Premature failure and degradation of layers are the main problems for transportation infrastructure. Addressing these issues necessitates implementing structural health monitoring (SHM) for pavement construction layers. To this end, this research investigated the stress/strain and damage detection capabilities of a self-sensing cementitious composite developed for potential utilization in the construction of an intelligent subgrade layer. The prepared self-sensing cementitious composite consisted of 10% cement and hybrid conductive fillers, including multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) in sand. Initial findings reveal that the electrical resistivity of the composite is significantly affected by the concentration of MWCNTs/GNPs, with a minimum concentration of more than 0.5% needed to achieve a responsive cementitious composite. Moreover, the piezoresistive analysis indicates that an increase in the concentration of MWCNTs/GNPs and stress levels leads to an improvement in the stress/strain-sensing performance. When the self-sensing cementitious composite is subjected to equivalent stress levels, variations in the fractional changes in resistivity (FCR) exhibit an increasing trend with decreasing resilient modulus, stemming from a decrease in stiffness due to the increased concentration of MWCNTs/GNPs. Additionally, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis demonstrates a contraction for the Nyquist plots under compressive ramp loading prior to failure, followed by the expansion of these curves post-failure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images visually showcase the bridging effects of MWCNTs and the filling effects of GNPs within the composite structure.

Frequency Identification of Equal-Span Continuous Girder Bridge Based on Moving Vehicle Responses

The indirect method for bridge modal identification based on the response of moving vehicles has attracted widespread attention in recent years. However, most existing studies only focus on the simply supported bridge, while continuous girder bridges are widely used in practical engineering. Therefore, this study proposes an indirect frequency identification method for continuous girder bridges. First, the mode shape formula of the equal-span continuous beam is deduced using the three-moment equations, and the analytical solution of the vehicle vibration response is deduced via the vehicle–bridge coupled vibration theory. Second, the derived analytical solution is verified through numerical analysis results and field test results. Finally, the effects of bridge and vehicle parameters on the frequency identification accuracy are analyzed. The results show that a reasonable frequency of the trailer should be selected to avoid the resonance between the vehicle and the bridge for better performance. The research findings can provide a reference for the indirect identification of continuous girder bridges based on the response of moving vehicles.

Enhancement of the Ablation Properties of Silica/Phenolic Resin Composites by SiC/Si3N4 Multiphase Structures

This work mainly studied the influence of SiC and Si3N4 composite fillers on the ablation performance of silica/phenolic composites. The effect of Si3N4 content on the mechanical and ablative properties of the composites was investigated, and the bridging effect between the two different ceramic fillers was analyzed. The results indicated that the mechanical properties and ablation properties of the composite were improved due to the combined effect of the SiC and Si3N4. When the content of Si3N4 was 36phr, the flexural strength at room temperature was 114.6 MPa, the flexural strength after 1200 °C treatment was 18.38 MPa, and the linear ablation rate was 0.011 mm/s in the 1600 °C oxyacetylene ablation test for 30s, while the flexural strength without Si3N4 at room temperature was 105.4 MPa, the flexural strength after 1200 °C treatment was 10.35 MPa, and linear ablation rate was 0.061 mm/s in the 1600 °C oxyacetylene ablation test for 30s. The bridges between the Si3N4 and SiC ceramic fillers can form SiO2, SiCN and Si2N2O in the high temperature environment, which helps fill the pores on the surface of the composite, forming an effective protective layer structure and improving the high temperature and erosion resistance of the composites.

Selective capture of uranium by p-block bismuth-based metal–organic framework

Energy shortage severely impedes the advancement of human society and economy. The vigorous development of nuclear energy is a viable solution to address this issue. The escalating depletion of uranium resources necessitates prioritizing the selective extraction of uranyl from seawater and wastewater to ensure the prosperity of nuclear power. A bismuth-based MOF, CAU-17, was synthesized by the one-step solvothermal method for targeted selection of uranyl in the first time. The uranium adsorption tests demonstrated that CAU-17 exhibited a high adsorption capacity of 421.9 mg g−1 (T = 25 °C, pH = 7), exceptional selectivity, outstanding salt tolerance, and favorable stability with 83.6 % of the initial capacity retained after 5 cycles. Through the utilization of XPS and theoretical calculations, it was elucidated that the carboxyl oxygen that connects the Bi played a pivotal role in the binding process between CAU-17 and uranium ions, with bismuth acting as an electron regulator through its bridging effect with carboxyl oxygen. This work not only presents an exceptional uranium adsorption material but also elucidates the role of core metal atoms in MOFs during the binding to uranium process, thereby offering a novel perspective for future advancements in MOFs-based adsorbents.

Dual electron reservoirs: Synergistic photocatalytic degradation of antibiotics by oxygen vacancy-rich BiOBr nanoflowers and magnetic carbon nanotubes

Rational modulation of surface oxygen vacancies (OVs) and efficient charge separation are important factors for improving solar energy conversion efficiency. However, the synergistic relationship between OVs and magnetic carbon nanotubes (The magnetic carbon nanotubes in this paper are abbreviated as CNFe) is still unclear. As a result, oxygen vacancy-rich BiOBr/CNFe photocatalysts were created in this study by in situ growing OVs-BiOBr on bamboo-shaped CNFe. The formation of oxygen vacancies introduced a defect band where electrons could directly transition to the oxygen vacancies for storage, suppressing the recombination of photoinduced charge carriers. Meanwhile, CNFe acted as an electronic bridge to rapidly transfer electrons from the conduction band of BiOBr to CNFe, thus retaining the powerful redox-capable photogenerated carriers and significantly improving the photocatalytic activity. As a result, the synthesised OVs-BiOBr/CNFe (O-BCN) photocatalyst exhibited 80.8 % degradation of lomefloxacin hydrochloride within 3 h, with an apparent rate constant 4.4 times higher than BiOBr. This work provides new insights into the preparation of efficient photocatalysts by regulating surface defects and bridging effects.

A novel hydrophobic chitosan-polyaluminum chloride composite flocculant for effectively simultaneous removal of microplastic and antibiotics composite pollution

Composite pollution of emerging pollutants such as microplastics (MPs) with small size and antibiotics has brought a great challenge in the fields of water and wastewater treatment. Up to now, the simultaneous removal of MPs and antibiotics by traditional coagulation is still not satisfied. Herein, a novel composite flocculant named hydrophobic chitosan-polyaluminum chloride (Hmcs-PAC) was designed and prepared for efficiently simultaneous removal of polyethylene terephthalate (PET, 10 μm) and tetracycline (TC) from water. Under the optimal preparation conditions (i.e. Basicity = 1 and the weight ratio of Hmcs:Al = 0.5), the Hmcs-PAC exhibited better removal of both PET and TC than PAC and Hmcs under the same dosage, with the maximum removal efficiency of 99.9 % for PET, and 91.5 % for TC, respectively. The PAC was successfully grafted on the Hmcs via Al-N bond, confirmed by FTIR and 27Al NMR. More importantly, the removal of TC in composite PET + TC system was significantly enhanced by above 10 % compared with that in single TC system, which was mainly attributed to the complexes formation of Hmcs-PAC-PET-TC via the PET bridging effect based on 2D Fourier transform infrared correlation spectroscopy (2D-FTIR-COS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. In contrast, the removal of PET in composite system was slightly lower than that in PET single system, possibly due to the competition of TC for the active sites of hydrolysates of Hmcs-PAC. Furthermore, the presence of co-existing ions except CO32− had adverse effect on the coagulation removal, especially for TC. While the increase in temperature, humic acid and anionic surfactant content showed a promotion effect on the removal of PET and TC. Finally, the prepared Hmcs-PAC exhibited a potential removal of composite pollutants from urban sewage. This study can provide a promising flocculant for the effective co-removal of MPs and antibiotics from water and wastewater.