Breastfeeding Duration In Mothers Research Articles

Production of Breast Milk in Pregnant Women with and without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a health disorder associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in both mother and baby. Breastfeeding is one way that mothers do to reduce this risk. However, research results showed that the duration of breastfeeding in mothers with GDM was shorter compared to non-GDM mothers. Related to that, this study aims to determine breast milk production in GDM and non-GDM pregnant women. This is important so that further intervention can be carried out to prepare for breastfeeding after childbirth. The study design used a prospective cohort and involved respondents:12 pregnant women with GDM and 12 non-GDM. The inclusion criteria are GDM and non-GDM pregnant women with a gestational age of 28-31 weeks and willing to be respondents. The study was conducted at Jakarta Hospital. The instruments used are questionnaires and observation sheets for breast milk production. As for the analysis, the research used a chi-square statistical test. The results of the study showed a significant relationship between the status of GDM and non-GDM pregnant women with breast milk production ( P value 0.05). Maximum milk production in pregnant women with GDM is less than non-GDM, with a maximum amount of milk production of 0.3cc and 0.5cc, respectively. Pregnant women with GDM milk expenditure is lower than non-GDM pregnant women. Breast milk expenditure of pregnant women with GDM is slower than non-GDM pregnant women. This is evident from the research results showing that 58,3% of non-GDM pregnant women have expressed breast milk (on average starting at 17 weeks gestation). While pregnant women with GDM only as much as 8,3% have released breast milk (starting at 31 weeks of age). Breastfeeding education and breast care during pregnancy, as well as nutrition, are needed to increase maternal self-efficacy later in breastfeeding. Researchers are then expected to observe long-term breastfeeding expenditure ranging from pregnancy to six months and even up to two years of breastfeeding with many samples.

Predictors of breastfeeding duration on mothers who return to work: a systematic review

Introduction: the idea of continuing breastfeeding and work raises conflicting demands on the mother. Work correlates with early termination of breastfeeding and full-time work is associated with a shorter duration of breastfeeding than working part time.Objective: we aimed to systematically explore literature relating to factors related to breastfeeding duration in mothers returning to work.Materials and Methods: this research uses systematic review where systematic review is carried out following a combination of selected reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis.Results: many selected articles were found related to factors affecting the duration of breastfeeding in breastfeeding mothers who returned to work.Discussions: delaying return to work until at least 15 weeks postpartum indicates a long duration of breastfeeding (at least 6 months). Part-time work is also positively related to the duration of feeding.Conclusions: employment and early return to work, support from social environment, perception of milk production, higher maternal occupational and education, household income, delaying return to work at least 15 weeks postpartum, working part time and longer maternity leave are predictors of breastfeeding duration on mother return to work.

Association of postpartum medication practices with early breastfeeding cessation among mothers with chronic conditions: A prospective cohort study.

Use of medications is a common concern for breastfeeding women, particularly when they are strongly needed or unavoidable to manage maternal chronic conditions. Yet the influence of medication usage patterns on breastfeeding duration in mothers with chronic conditions is unclear. The objective of this study was to examine whether postpartum medication practices were associated with shorter breastfeeding duration or earlier than planned breastfeeding cessation among mothers with chronic conditions. We analyzed 346 mothers with chronic conditions enrolled in a prospective, community-based pregnancy cohort study (Alberta, Canada) who initiated breastfeeding after birth. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires spanning late pregnancy to 6months postpartum. Based on reported use of preexisting medications while breastfeeding, women were classified as continuing medications (reference group), discontinuing one or more medications, or those who did not use preexisting medications. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to analyze the association of medication practices and overall breastfeeding duration in weeks. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association of medication practices and earlier than planned breastfeeding cessation. Multivariable models adjusted for demographic and health-related factors. Overall, 30.6% of women with chronic conditions stopped breastfeeding in the first 6months, almost all of whom did so earlier than planned. In multivariable models, medication discontinuation was significantly associated with shorter breastfeeding duration (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-2.70) and earlier than planned breastfeeding cessation (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.85, 95% CI 1.01-3.42), whereas medication non-use was not associated with differences in breastfeeding outcomes. Women with chronic conditions who discontinued preexisting medications while breastfeeding had significantly shorter breastfeeding duration and were less likely to meet their breastfeeding goals in the first 6months postpartum compared to women who continued preexisting medications.

Factors associated with the duration of breastfeeding in mothers of babies cared for in a kangaroo family program

Goal. To determine the factors associated with the duration of breastfeeding in mothers of babies cared for in akangaroo family program.
 Methods. Quantitative, observational study with a secondary source of a retrospective cohort of 707 babies with monitoring at admission, at 40 weeks, at three and at six months of corrected age in the kangaroo family program of a public hospital in the municipality of Rionegro (Antioquia, Colombia) from 2016 to 2019.
 Results. 49.6% of babies were born with low weight for gestational age and 51.5% were female. 58.3% of the mothers were unemployed and 86.2% of them lived with their partner. When entering the kangaroo family program, 94.2% of the babies received breastfeeding and at six months they were 44.7%. The variables that were associated with the duration of breastfeeding up to six months according to the explanatory model were: the mother's cohabitation with her partner (adjusted prevalence ratio - APR: 1.34) and receiving breastfeeding when entering the kangaroo family program (APR: 2.30).
 Conclusion. The factors related to the duration of breastfeeding in mothers of babies cared for in the kangaroo family program were that the mother lived with her partner and that the mother was breastfeeding when she entered the program, therefore they received education and support from the interdisciplinary team, which could favor confidence and willingness towards breastfeeding.

Application of Survival Tree Model in Determining Affecting Factors in Breastfeeding Duration

Background and Purpose: Survival tree model is a nonparametric method which can be used to identify the affecting factors from a specific time to the onset of an event. In this method, the categories are selected according to the most important factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting the duration of breastfeeding in mothers and introduce the homogeneous subgroups using a survival tree model.
 Materials and Methods: It was a historical cohort study analyzing the survival data of mothers with healthy single childbirths referring to the rural and urban health centers of Agh-Ghala County since 2011 until 2014. Data analyses and groupings of breastfeeding survival were performed using survival tree model with conditional inference algorithm in R Software. A separation criterion (SEP) confirmed the relevance of the model.
 Results: Survival tree model results revealed that the type of consumed milk with the complementary nutrition, ethnicity and the time interval between current childbirth and the previous delivery were the most important factors affecting the duration of breastfeeding. The SEP's criterion was 2.082. Thus, due to the significant difference between the subgroups and the value of more than 1 for SEP criterion, the efficiency of the model was confirmed.
 Conclusion: Survival tree model could be introduced as a suitable and powerful method for ranking the duration of breastfeeding rate which presents four homogeneous subgroups for analysis in addition to identifying the predictive variables.

Maternal Age and Length of Work Influencing Breastfeeding Self Efficacy in Primiparous Pregnant Women at Istri Utami Midwifery care

Nutrition Monitoring in 2016 shows that coverage of exclusive breast milk 54.0% below the national target of 80%. Breastfeeding self efficacy score measurement to predict mother's belief in giving brest milk. This research aims to know the influence of maternal age and long work with breastfeeding self efficacy This research used survey method with cross sectional approach , population and sample 64 pregnant women in third trimester, primipara both working and not working, sampling using accidental sampling and questionnaire instrument retrieval data using BSE-SF (Breastfeeding Self Efficacy-Short Form) at Istri Utami Midwifery care. The results of the study proved a statistically significant test showing that there was a relationship between age and length of work with Breastfeeding self efficacy in third trimester of pregnant women with p-value 0.022 0.05 and p-value 0.002 0.05. Multivariate statistical test results obtained for lenght work has the most significant relationship of these two factors. Length works have smallest value of p 0.002 (Exs β = 6,153). Health Technology Assessment (HTA), use of BSE-SF in health service as maternal readiness screening in breastfeeding, support strategy formation in place works to create an environment and time support to increase the duration of breastfeeding in mothers working.

Assessment of the Technique of Breastfeeding in Babies with Down Syndrome

Valoracion de la tecnica de amamantamiento en bebes con sindrome de Down Avaliacao da tecnica de amamentacao em bebes com sindrome de Down Objective: To evaluate the technique and duration of breastfeeding in healthy children and children with Down Syndrome (DS) using the breastfeeding observation form. Materials and methods: An observational study of a prospective cohort was carried out at the Clinical Hospital of Granada during 2015. The Study Group consisted of 40 children with DS and the control group was formed by each new-born with DS and a healthy new-born with the same characteristics of weight and gestational age was selected. The new-borns evaluated shared housing with the mother where the technique was valued during the first 5 days postpartum by a health professional. A bivariable analysis was performed to compare the groups using Student’s “ T ” test for numerical variables and chi-square for categorical variables. Results: Lactogenesis onset was earlier in the DS group (92.5 % in the first 24 hours vs 20 % ; p <0.001). It was observed that 60 % of the healthy children were breastfed for more than three months while in the group of babies with DS this time period was 47.5 % . Conclusions: The results of this study reveal that the breastfeeding technique presented at the beginning more difficulties in mothers of children with DS and it has been shown that technical errors influence the onset and duration of breastfeeding in mothers of these children. Para citar este articulo / To reference this article / Para citar este artigo Aguilar-Cordero MJ , Rodriguez-Blanque R , Sanchez-Lopez AM , Leon-Rios XA , Exposito-Ruiz M , Mur-Villar N . Assessment of the Technique of Breastfeeding in Babies with Down Syndrome. Aquichan. 2019;19(4):e1946. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5294/aqui.2019.19.4.6 Recibido: 06/05/2019 Aceptado: 19/11/2019 Publicado: 23/01/2020 * Study performed by the research group CTS-367. “ Humanization of the health care. Nursing diagnoses, children with health conditions, nutrition, pain. ” Universidad de Granada.

Comparing maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy during first week and sixth week postpartum.

IntroductionThe ideal nourishment for the first 12 months of a child’s life comes from breastfeeding its mother’s milk, and maternal self-efficacy is one factor which affects breastfeeding duration. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy during the first week and sixth-week postpartum.MethodsThis descriptive, analytical study was conducted on 767 women referring to the Family Health Research Center of Rasht in 2014. Mothers were selected through continuous sampling. For data collection, we used demographic questionnaires, and Dennis breastfeeding self-efficacy scale. For data analysis, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple regression were performed using SPSS version 19.ResultsIn this study, most mothers had scores compatible with moderate self-efficacy in the first week, and in the sixth week had high self-efficacy for breastfeeding. There was a significant relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy (BSE) score and employment status (p<0.0001). Also, we found significant BSE score differences between primiparous and multiparous women (p<0.001).ConclusionResults of the study indicate that breastfeeding duration increases the breastfeeding self-efficacy levels. So, Developing and implementing appropriate approaches are needed to improve breastfeeding duration in mothers.

Breastfeeding preterm infants - a randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of an Internet-based peer-support group.

The aim of this study was to examine whether an Internet-based peer-support intervention has an effect on the duration of breastfeeding or breast milk expression or maternal breastfeeding attitude compared with routine care in the mothers of preterm infants. In addition, the feasibility of the intervention was examined. A few peer-support interventions conducted face-to-face or by telephone have given promising results in promoting breastfeeding in preterm infants. A randomized controlled trial with a 1-year follow-up was conducted in one hospital in Finland in 2011-2015. Altogether 124 mothers of preterm (<35weeks) infants were recruited; 60 in an experimental and 64 in a control group. The intervention was a closed peer-support group in social media. Data were collected by structured questionnaires. Neonatal and breastfeeding data were collected from patient records. The duration of overall breastfeeding was on average 3·0 and 4·3months, in the experimental and control groups respectively. The intervention had no effect on breastfeeding or expressing the breast milk or maternal breastfeeding attitude. A breastfeeding-favourable attitude and at least two previous children predicted longer duration of breastfeeding. Attitude-score decreased during the follow-up. The mothers in the experimental group enjoyed peer support, but only a few reported it as having some impact on breastfeeding. Although the Internet-based peer-support intervention had no effect, the importance of breastfeeding attitude for the duration of breastfeeding in mothers of preterm infants was shown. In future, interventions in social media should be studied more and attitude-focused interventions be developed.

An intervention to extend breastfeeding among black and Latina mothers after delivery

The purpose of this study was to compare breastfeeding duration in mothers after delivery who were assigned randomly to a behavioral educational intervention vs enhanced usual care. We conducted a randomized trial. Self-identified black and Latina mothers early after delivery were assigned randomly to receive a behavioral educational intervention or enhanced usual care. The 2-step intervention aimed to prepare and educate mothers about postpartum symptoms and experiences (including tips on breastfeeding and breast/nipple pain) and to bolster social support and self-management skills. Enhanced usual care participants received a list of community resources and received a 2-week control call. Intention-to-treat analyses examined breastfeeding duration (measured in weeks) for up to 6 months of observation. This study was registered with clinicaltrial.gov (NCT01312883). Five hundred forty mothers were assigned randomly to the intervention (n = 270) vs control subjects (n = 270). Mean age was 28 years (range, 18-46 years); 62% of the women were Latina, and 38% were black. Baseline sociodemographic, clinical, psychosocial, and breastfeeding characteristics were similar among intervention vs control subjects. Mothers in the intervention arm breastfed for a longer duration than did the control subjects (median, 12.0 vs 6.5 weeks, respectively; P = .02) Mothers in the intervention arm were less likely to quit breastfeeding over the first 6 months after delivery (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% confidence interval, 0.65-0.97). A behavioral educational intervention increased breastfeeding duration among low-income, self-identified black and Latina mothers during the 6-month postpartum period.

Breastfeeding patterns of mothers with type 1 diabetes: results from an infant feeding trial.

Both the initiation and maintenance of breastfeeding have been reported to be negatively affected by maternal type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim of this study was to prospectively examine the breastfeeding patterns among mothers with and without T1D participating in a large international randomized infant feeding trial (TRIGR). Families with a member affected by T1D and with a newborn infant were invited into the study. Those who had HLA-conferred genetic susceptibility for T1D tested at birth with gestation > 35 weeks and were healthy were eligible to continue in the trial. Among the 2160 participating children, 1096 were born to women with T1D and 1064 to unaffected women. Information on infant feeding was acquired from the family by frequent prospective dietary interviews. Most (>90%) of the infants of mothers with and without T1D were initially breastfed. Breastfeeding rates declined more steeply among mothers with than without T1D being 50 and 72% at 6 months, respectively. Mothers with T1D were younger, less educated and delivered earlier and more often by caesarean section than other mothers (p < 0.01). After adjusting for all these factors associated with the termination of breastfeeding, there was no difference in the duration of breastfeeding among mothers with and without T1D. Maternal diabetes status per se was not associated with shorter breastfeeding. The lower duration of breastfeeding in mothers with T1D is largely explained by their more frequent caesarean sections, earlier delivery and lower age and education.

Perinatal and socioeconomic determinants of breastfeeding duration in very preterm infants

To describe the impact of prematurity, size at birth, neonatal disorders and the families' socioeconomic status (SES) on breastfeeding duration in mothers of very preterm infants. Prospective population-based cohort study. Data on breastfeeding, registered in databases in two Swedish counties in 1993-2001, were matched with data from two national registries: the Medical Birth Registry and Statistics Sweden. Mothers of 225 very preterm singleton infants were identified and included. Seventy-nine percent of the mothers breastfed at 2 months, 62% at 4 months, 45% at 6 months, 22% at 9 months and 12% at 12 months. Prematurity, size at birth and neonatal disorders did not show an effect on breastfeeding duration. Being adversely exposed to any of the SES factors (maternal education, unemployment benefit, social welfare and equivalent disposable income in the household) was significantly associated with earlier weaning up to 6 months of infants' postnatal age. This study shows new and noteworthy results concerning breastfeeding duration in mothers of very preterm infants, which was not influenced by degree of prematurity, size at birth or neonatal disorders but was affected by SES. This highlights the need for improved support of socioeconomically disadvantaged mothers, during and after the hospital stay.

Effects of socioeconomic status on breastfeeding duration in mothers of preterm and term infants

The propensity to breastfeed is not only of importance with regard to the beneficial effects on the individual, but is also of concern as an indicator of health behaviour related to social conditions. Thus, our aim was to investigate the impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on breastfeeding duration in mothers of preterm and term infants. Prospective population based cohort study. Data for infants registered in breastfeeding databases of two Swedish counties 1993-2001 were matched with data from two national registries-the Medical Birth Registry and Statistics Sweden. A total of 37,343 mothers of 2093 preterm and 35,250 term infants participated. All socioeconomic factors; maternal educational level, maternal unemployment benefit, social welfare and equivalent disposable income, were strongly associated with breastfeeding when examined individually in mothers of preterm and term infants. Some of the associations attenuated when investigated simultaneously. Independently of SES and confounders, mothers of preterm infants were at higher risk of weaning before the infant was 2 months (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.70; 95% confidence interval ((CI) 1.46-1.99)), 4 months (OR 1.79; CI 1.60-2.01), 6 months (OR 1.48; CI 1.33-1.64), and 9 months old (OR 1.19; CI 1.06-1.34), compared with mothers of term infants. In Sweden, despite its social welfare support system and a positive breastfeeding tradition, SES clearly has an impact on the breastfeeding duration. Mothers of preterm infants breastfeed for a shorter time compared with mothers of term infants, even when adjustments are made for SES and confounders.

Impact of smoking on the duration of breastfeeding in mothers with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

The effect of smoking on breastfeeding was studied in 252 mothers with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) giving birth in the period 1985–1995 and of whom 31% were classified as White group B, 16% group C, 37% group D and 16% group F or R. As part of a centralized regimen a detailed smoking history was taken during pregnancy Forty-six percent were smokers. In 1997, a questionnaire was sent out asking for information on the duration of breastfeeding. The response rate was 87%. The duration of breastfeeding was significantly longer in the non-smoking group (p= 0.004). Fifty-five percent of non-smokers versus 33% of smokers were still breastfeeding 4 mo after birth. A strong dose-response relationship was established (p= 0.009). Cox multiple regression analysis showed a significantly negative influence of smoking (p= 0.01) and of hospitalization of the infants during the first year of life (p= 0.02) and a significantly positive influence of maternal age (p= 0.02) and birthweight (p= 0.03) on the length of breastfeeding. The breastfeeding curves for non-smokers and smokers were mainly divergent in the first month after birth, suggesting that the effect of smoking on breastfeeding is mainly exerted during that period. Conclusion: Smoking exerted a strong, negative, dose-dependent influence on breastfeeding duration in mothers with IDDM. Given the hazards of smoking, the advantages of breastfeeding and the possible link between being breastfed and later development of diabetes mellitus, these results should be taken into consideration when counselling pregnant women with IDDM about smoking.

Impact of smoking on the duration of breastfeeding in mothers with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus

The effect of smoking on breastfeeding was studied in 252 mothers with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) giving birth in the period 1985-1995 and of whom 31% were classified as White group B, 16% group C, 37% group D and 16% group F or R. As part of a centralized regimen a detailed smoking history was taken during pregnancy. Forty-six percent were smokers. In 1997, a questionnaire was sent out asking for information on the duration of breastfeeding. The response rate was 87%. The duration of breastfeeding was significantly longer in the non-smoking group (p = 0.004). Fifty-five percent of non-smokers versus 33% of smokers were still breastfeeding 4 mo after birth. A strong dose-response relationship was established (p = 0.009). Cox multiple regression analysis showed a significantly negative influence of smoking (p = 0.01) and of hospitalization of the infants during the first year of life (p = 0.02) and a significantly positive influence of maternal age (p = 0.02) and birthweight (p = 0.03) on the length of breastfeeding. The breastfeeding curves for non-smokers and smokers were mainly divergent in the first month after birth, suggesting that the effect of smoking on breastfeeding is mainly exerted during that period. Smoking exerted a strong, negative, dose-dependent influence on breastfeeding duration in mothers with IDDM. Given the hazards of smoking, the advantages of breastfeeding and the possible link between being breastfed and later development of diabetes mellitus, these results should be taken into consideration when counselling pregnant women with IDDM about smoking.

Impact of smoking on the duration of breastfeeding in mothers with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

Impact of smoking on the duration of breastfeeding in mothers with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

The influence of medroxyprogesterone on the duration of breast-feeding in mothers in an urban community.

To assess the effect of medroxyprogesterone acetate on lactation when it is given immediately post partum. Prospective cohort study with follow-up through 16 weeks post partum. Urban teaching hospital in Baltimore, Md. Consecutive sample (N = 95) of mothers who were delivered of healthy, term newborns, had home telephones, received either medroxyprogesterone or nonhormonal contraception at discharge, and were currently breast-feeding their newborns. Lactation (duration and frequency) and timing of first introduction of formula were measured by weekly telephone interviews. Maternal characteristics included the mean +/- SD maternal age (24 +/- 5 years), race (90% African American), history of pregnancy (63% multiparous), marital status or relationship (50% married or living with partner), and medical assistance (81% of the recipients received aid). Women who were receiving medroxyprogesterone (n = 43) were older (P < .05) and were more likely to be married (P < .05) compared with those who were receiving nonhormonal contraception (n = 52). No other factors that were likely to influence lactation were significantly different. Groups did not differ in the baseline-planned duration of lactation. Follow-up data were obtained on 90 women (96%). The groups were comparable in the duration of lactation (medroxyprogesterone: 98%, 74%, 55%, 47%, and 42% were breast-feeding at least once per day at 1, 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks, respectively [median, 10.14 weeks], vs nonhormonal contraception: 86%, 70%, 47%, 36%, and 30%, respectively [median, 6.57 weeks] [P = .19]). The percentage of subjects who were exclusively breast-feeding at these times and the timing of formula introduction also did not differ by group. Medroxyprogesterone, when given to mothers in an urban community immediately after delivery, has no detrimental effect on the duration of lactation, frequency of lactation, and timing of introduction of formula within the first 16 weeks post partum.