Breast Examination Research Articles

Health Beliefs, Breast Cancer Awareness, and Prevention Behaviors of Turkish Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the relationship between nursing students' breast cancer (BC) awareness, health beliefs, and BC prevention behaviors. Methods: This study sample consisted of 256 female students. Descriptive Information Form, Breast Cancer Awareness Scale (B-CAS), the Factors Affecting Breast Cancer Prevention Behaviors of Women (FABCPB) Scale, and the Champion's Health Belief Model Scale (CHBMS) were used to collect the data. Results: Breast self-examination was performed in 53.9% of the nursing students. The mean B-CAS score was 1.35 ± 0.58 and the mean FABCPB score was 102.84 ± 9.62. The mean scores of the sub-dimension scores of the CHBMS of nursing students were as sensitivity perception 7.93 ± 2.13, seriousness perception 22.58 ± 5.26, benefit perception 17.25 ± 3.17, obstacle perception 22.89 ± 6.24, confidence 37.71 ± 7.53, and health motivation 26.47 ± 4.41 points. A significant correlation was found between the scores of the nursing students on the B-CAS, FABCPB, and CHBMS scales. Conclusions: Nursing students' scores on the B-CAS and FABCPB were moderate, CHBMS sensitivity and obstacle perception sub-dimension scores were low, severity perception scores were moderate, and benefit perception, trust, and health motivation sub-dimension scores were high. As the BC awareness of nursing students increased, their cancer prevention behaviors and health beliefs increased.

Breast cancer screening patterns and associated factors in Iranian women over 40 years

Screening is a key component of breast cancer early detection programs that canconsiderably reduce relevant mortality rates. The purpose of this study was to determinethe breast cancer screening behavioral patterns and associated factors in women over40 years of age. In this descriptive‑analytical cross‑sectional study, 372 over 40 years of agewomen visiting health centers in Tabriz, Iran, in 2023 were enrolled using cluster sampling.The data were collected using the sociodemographic characteristics questionnaire, breastcancer perception scale, health literacy for Iranian adults scale, and the Breast CancerScreening Behavior Checklist. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS version 16 usingdescriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation) and inferentialstatistics (univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses). In total, 68.3% of allparticipants performed breast self‑examination (BSE) (9.9% regularly, once per month),60.2% underwent clinical breast examination (CBE) (8.9% regularly, twice per year),51.3% underwent mammography (12.3% regularly, once per year), and 36.2% underwentsonography (3.8% regularly, twice per year). The findings also showed that women withbenign breast diseases were more likely to undergo CBE (OR = 8.49; 95% CI 2.55 to 28.21;P < 0.001), mammography (OR = 8.84; 95% CI 2.98 to 10; P < 0.001), and sonography(OR = 18.84; 95% CI 6.40 to 53.33; P < 0.001) than others. Participants with low and moderatebreast cancer perception scores were more likely to perform BSE than women with highbreast cancer perception scores (OR = 2.20; 95% CI 1.21 to 4.00; P = 0.009) and women whohad a history of benign breast disease were more likely to perform screening behaviors thanothers (OR = 2.47; 95% CI 1.27 to 4.80; P = 0.008). Women between the ages of 50 and 59 weremore likely to undergo mammography (OR = 2.33; 95% CI 1.29 to 4.77; P = 0.008) and CBE(OR = 2.40; 95% CI 1.347 to 4.20; P = 0.003) than those ≥ 60 years. Given the low participationof women in regular breast cancer screening, it is suggested that health care providershighlight the need for screening at the specified intervals in their training programs. Inaddition, health authorities are recommended to use reminder systems to remind women,especially those over 40 years of age, of the best time for breast screening. Moreover, healthcare providers must seek to improve breast cancer knowledge, attitudes, and perceptionsof women who visit health centers, which are the first level of contact with the healthcaresystem for the general population.

Routine Clinical Breast Examination Is a Low-Yield Practice Among Women at High Risk of Breast Cancer.

For women at increased risk of breast cancer, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend clinical encounters every 6-12 months. While screening mammography has corresponded with a relative risk reduction in breast cancer mortality of approximately 20%, evidence validating clinical breast examination (CBE) as an efficacious screening modality is deficient. Our study aimed to assess the conventional merit of regular CBE for breast cancer detection among individuals at increased risk of breast cancer development. Women > 18 years with documented high-risk encounters at Corewell Health West from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 22 were retrospectively reviewed. High-risk criteria included genetic predisposition, 5-year (> 1.7%) or lifetime (> 20%) Tyrer-Cuzick and/or Gail Model risk estimations, thoracic radiotherapy before age 30 years, lobular carcinoma in-situ, or atypical hyperplasia. Patients with a history of breast cancer or bilateral prophylactic mastectomy prior to 2018 were excluded. Of the 9171 cumulative high-risk encounters among 2493 women, only one breast cancer was detected by CBE. CBE resulted in 1 (0.04%) cancer diagnosis compared with 30 (1.2%) detected on screening imaging and 10 (0.4%) self-reported. Of the 30 image-detected cancers, 28 (93.3%) had no detectable clinical findings at the time of preoperative consultation. Self-reported and CBE-detected cancers were more likely to be of higher clinical stage compared with imaging-detected malignancies. The role of routine CBE as a cancer detection modality in the high-risk patient population appears to be limited. Telemedicine can be offered to individuals who have completed screening imaging but are unable to commit and/or are inconvenienced by in-person high-risk breast cancer assessments.

Breast self-examination among community midwife and lady health visitor students in Pakistan

Background/Aims Breast self-examination allows women to check their breasts for changes or abnormalities, such as lumps, bumps and other irregularities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate understanding of performing a breast self-examination among lady health visitor and community midwifery students in Pakistan. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2022–April 2023 with 50 students recruited through convenient sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Participants' understanding of breast self-examination was categorised as good (&gt;70%), moderate (50–70%) or poor (&lt;50%) based on their score. Results Only one participant had received any training on breast self-examination, and all participants reported that they would like training in future. Only 10.0% of participants had a moderate understanding of breast self-examination, while the remaining 90.0% had poor understanding. Conclusions There is a significant lack of knowledge about breast self-examination among lady health visitors and midwifery students in Pakistan. There is a need for education and awareness campaigns on breast self-examination to improve understanding.

Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap Dan Peran Tenaga Kesehatan Dengan Deteksi Dini Kanker Payudara (SADARI) Pada Remaja Putri Di SMAN 1 Mauponggo

Introduction: BSE (Breast Self-Examination) is an examination that every woman easily does to look for lumps or other abnormalities. The factors that govern the behavior of the successful conduct BSE technique are health professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and roles. The purpose of this study was to determine the relation of knowledge, attitude, and the role of health workers with the BSE test in teenagers in grades XI and XII SMAN 1 Mauaponggo. Methods: This research uses a survey method with cross-sectional analysis. The population of this study was 96 students mostly girls in grades XI and XII of SMAN 1 Mauponggo using a quota sampling technique. The data collection techniques in this study used primary data with a questionnaire. This data was analyzed using a chi-square statistical test. Results: The results of the study there is a significant relationship between knowledge (p-value = 0,005); the role of health workers (p-value = 0,000); and no significant relationship between attitude (p-value = 1,00) with the breast self-examination. Discussion: The conclusion of this study is there is a relationship between knowledge and the role of health professionals in the BSE test. There is no relation between attitudes with the BSE test

E-model for Early Detection of Breast Cancer and Patient Monitoring

Breast cancer is becoming one of the most common diseases among women and is a growing global concern. A significant number of women have died worldwide from breast cancer. Studies suggest that early detection gives one better chance at treatment and management. However, the major challenges in early detection of breast cancer are awareness issues and patients’ insensitivity about the disease. This implies that regular breast examination leads to early detection of signs and symptoms of breast cancer. This exercise has been challenged with awareness, improper ways of conducting it and reporting of signs and symptom to appropriate quarters. This work is aimed at designing and development of a computer assisted system that runs on both desktop and mobile device(s) to assist women in conducting self- breast examination. To achieve this, object oriented analysis and design methodology (OOADM) was adopted for investigation and implementation. This work was designed and implemented in Microsoft Visual Studio while MySQL was used as the database management (DBMS). The rule- based approach was used for classification of breast abnormality. The result is an eHealth information system for early detection of breast cancer and patient monitoring. This will assist women to properly conduct self-breast examination, upload signs and symptoms discovered and enable medical professionals monitor patients.

The Effect of Health Education on Breast Self-Examination (SADARI) on Knowledge, Attitudes, and Actions of Adolescent Girls

Breast cancer not only occurs in developed countries but also in developing countries such as Indonesia. Breast cancer ranks 8th out of all cancers in Indonesia. Breast cancer is also a major concern, because it is the most common type of cancer affecting women. This study aims to determine the effect of breast self-examination health education on knowledge, attitudes, and actions of adolescent girls at SMK Kader Bangsa Palembang. This research method uses a quasi-experimental design with pretest posttest. The population was adolescents with menstrual cycles to 7-10 days with a total sample of 26 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. The test used was the Wilcoxon Sign Runk Test with p&lt;0.05 using a computer. The results showed that health education on breast self-examination (SADARI) had an effect on knowledge p value (0.000&lt;0.05), attitude p value (0.003)&lt;(0.05), action p value (0.004)&lt;(0.05). Conclusion There is an effect of health education on breast self-examination (SADARI) on knowledge, attitudes, and actions of adolescent girls at SMK Kader Bangsa Palembang. Suggestions are expected to schoolgirls can be made as a stewardship of SADARI techniques to detect early signs and symptoms of breast cancer.

Assessment of Body Image Perception and Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Patients Accessing Care at the University College Hospital, Southwest Nigeria.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer type globally. The female breasts are important for beauty and sexuality, comprising the body image, which includes the individual self-perception and others. This varied perception may influence the quality of life of individuals with breast cancer. To assess the body image perception and quality of life of breast cancer patients accessing care at the University College Hospital Ibadan. Eligible female adults (18 years and above), with a confirmed histologic diagnosis of breast cancer participated in this study after obtaining informed consent. The participants were without other debilitating conditions and had access to care for at least 12 months. We used a questionnaire to collect information on body image perception and quality of life (QoL) from all the participants. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. One hundred sixty (160) female participants were recruited, with 74.38% having been diagnosed with breast cancer for 3 years or more, and 84.38% of them detected abnormality during breast self-examination. Over 50% of the participants had negative body image perceptions. Educational level, social/family well-being, and physical well-being were significantly associated with the QoL. There was a three-fold increase in the social and family well-being subscale score among participants with higher education levels. Negative body image results in poorer QoL in breast cancer patients, and this underscores the importance of addressing body image concerns as part of comprehensive care for breast cancer patients.

Digital media intervention for breast cancer awareness among rural women: A quasi-experimental study from Bihar, India

ObjectivesSocial media-based interventions have the potential to endure improvements in the health-seeking behaviors of the users. The upswing rate of social media usage among rural women of Bihar (India) allows for improving their knowledge, attitude, and practice toward breast cancer which is a big concern in resource-limited countries. This study attempted to evaluate the impact of video-based intervention in advancing knowledge of breast cancer risk factors, symptoms and attitude, and and practice to conduct breast cancer screening. MethodsA quasi-experimental design study was conducted among rural women in Bihar, India using pretest-posttest method. Validated YouTube Hindi videos were shared in a series as an intervention for the participants. The impact of the intervention videos was assessed by analyzing the 267 fully filled up questionnaires. Additionally, demographic characteristics were calculated and their relationship with knowledge, attitude, and practices was evaluated. ResultsAfter three months of the intervention there was a statistically significant (<0.0001) improvement (100 %) in the knowledge level of risk factors, symptoms, and screening of breast cancer. Their attitude towards breast self-examination significantly improved in 58 % of women whereas 16.5 % for clinical breast examination and 9.7 % for mammogram (<0.0001). The practice of breast self-examination significantly improved in 60 % (<0.0001) of women. Some demographic variables like education, age, and occupation were found significant predictors of breast cancer awareness. ConclusionsThis study's findings highlight that beyond all resource limitations for health awareness, a video intervention model through social media could offer a viable solution from the rural India experience to a possible shared discussion. Further study may be conducted using customized cancer awareness video interventions considering vernacular needs to make interventions more impactful.

An Updated Review on the Early Detection and Drug Development Targeting Breast Cancer

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women globally, which poses a significant public health threat on a global scale. Continuous updates of the recent development in terms of drug development and diagnosis are the key to decoding the complexity of the location-specific different forms of breast cancer. The aim of this review is to sifter out the current advances and status of drugs, treatments, therapies and technologies related to breast cancer. Methodology: The authors searched for a number of article sources, and all possible data was collected from different databases like MEDLINE, EMBASE, Pub Med, Web of Science and Google Scholar. to identify recent development in drug development and diagnosis. Result: After a detailed literature survey, it was found that in drug discovery, a number of new drug candidates for breast cancer have completed clinical trials; in the diagnosis of breast cancer, a number of new technologies like artificial intelligence (AI), smart bra, smart vest, clinical breast exam have developed. It was found that breast self-awareness has immense importance in the early detection of breast cancer, which is par with the accuracy of modern diagnostic tools. Conclusion: An effort has been made to present all the updated data related to recent drug development, like surveillance status of drugs in clinical trials, diagnosis and social stigma of people with breast cancer recovery. Recent technological advances have led to the development of many devices for the early detection of breast cancer, providing efficacy in line with the diagnostic tools that pave the way for early treatment using effective drug candidates.

Factors Affecting Breast Cancer Screening in Ukraine

PURPOSE Breast cancer early detection in Ukraine and other low and middle-income countries (LMICs) often includes opportunistic screening. Evaluation of factors that affect screening is key to improving early detection. METHODS An online survey for primary care physicians (PCPs) was distributed through PCP-focused social media in Ukraine. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS 435 PCPs from all regions of Ukraine completed the survey, including 389 (89.4%) women, 375 (86.2%) family medicine, 60 (13.8%) internal medicine physicians. 349 (80.2%) referred women for screening mammography. 252 (57.9%) conducted screening clinical breast exams (CBE), while 135 (31.0%) referred patients to mammalogists or 133 (30.6%) to gynecologists for CBE. Within one's practice, mammography was available for 81 (18.6%), mammalogists for 39 (9.0%), and gynecologists for 133 (30.3%). Breast cancer screening was prompted by MOH Order 504 for 281 (64%), family history 266 (61%), patient pathway guidelines 94 (21.6%), availability of subspecialists 78 (17.9%), and patient request 132 (30%). Reasons for not conducting CBE screening included insufficient experience 88 (20.2%), patients declining CBE 63 (14.5%), lack of time 59 (13.6%). Reasons for not conducting mammography screening included patients declining (11.7%) and absence of mammography (6.4%).). 350 (80.5%) were familiar with the Ministry of Health (MOH) Order 504, which describes eligibility criteria for breast cancer screening, and 291 (66.9%) used it to guide their screening practice. Others used US or European recommendations (62 (14.3%) and 115 (26.4%), respectively), and institution-specific patient pathways 117 (26.9%). Barriers to breast cancer screening included insufficient PCP training (53%) and experience (40%) and insufficient mammography availability (33%). Strategies for increasing breast cancer screening included improving collaboration between PCPs and oncologists 175 (40.2%), educational materials for patients 169 (38.9%), PCP education/training 168 (38.6%), automatic electronic health record reminders 150 (34.5%). CONCLUSION We identified important barriers and facilitators of breast cancer screening from the point of view of PCPs in Ukraine. Our results were limited by online convenience sampling.

THE EFFECTIVENESS OF HEALTH EDUCATION TRAINING WITH THE PHANTOM MEDIA DEMONSTRATION METHOD ON KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS SKILLS IN SMA NEGERI 3 SAMARINDA

In Indonesia, when it comes to female cancers, breast cancer is by far the most lethal. Treatment was delayed because of a lack of education about breast cancer and how to perform a breast self-examination (BSE) for early diagnosis. Real-world targets can learn from and mimic the behaviour displayed in examples through the demonstration technique. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of health training using demonstrative techniques and dummy media on female students' knowledge and ability to deal with BSE. Research Metodes: This investigation was quantitative in nature, and a one-group pretest-posttest design was adopted. There were potentially as many as 198 kids at SMA Negeri 3 Samarinda, hence a sample size of 66 was used. Simple random sampling was used. A knowledge and skills questionnaire with a value of 0.05 served as the instrument for this study. Results: A significant effect of health education on female students' knowledge and skills on BSE was found, as indicated by a wilcoxon test p value of 0.05. Conclusion: Health education on BSE delivered using the phantom media demonstration approach has an impact on elevating SMA Negeri 3 students' understanding of the topic. It is anticipated that it can serve as a source of inspiration and education for high school girls. Keywords: Demonstration, SADARI, Knowledge, Skills, Teenager.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of women towards self breast examination in the rural field practice area of IGGMC, Nagpur, Maharashtra

Knowledge, attitude and practice of women towards self breast examination in the rural field practice area of IGGMC, Nagpur, Maharashtra

Knowledge and Attitude of Adult Women Towards Early Prevention of Breast Cancer in a Local Government Area of a Southwestern State of Nigeria

This study investigates the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding breast self-examination (BSE) among adult women in Idanre Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria. Breast cancer, a leading neoplasm among women, presents a significant global health challenge due to its high incidence and mortality rates. This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 400 adult women, employing a structured questionnaire to collect data. The findings reveal a high level of awareness about breast cancer, with 98.5% of participants demonstrating good knowledge and 93.5% exhibiting positive attitudes toward BSE. However, only 77.5% of respondents practiced BSE regularly. The study underscores the importance of early detection facilitated by BSE, particularly in resource-limited settings, as 86.3% of participants identified increasing age as a risk factor, and 100% recognized lumps in the breast as a symptom. Despite this awareness, many women do not practice BSE consistently due to misconceptions and lack of motivation. The research highlights the necessity of enhancing public awareness and education on BSE through mass media and healthcare providers to improve early breast cancer detection and reduce mortality rates. It recommends that healthcare workers promote BSE during interactions with female clients and serve as role models by adopting preventive screening measures themselves. This approach could significantly impact breast cancer control and improve health outcomes among women in the community. The study concludes that while knowledge and attitudes toward BSE are generally positive, consistent practice remains a challenge that must be addressed through targeted awareness and education initiatives.

Breast Cancer Prevention Practices and Knowledge in Italian and Chinese Women in Italy: Clinical Checkups, Free NHS Screening Adherence, and Breast Self-Examination (BSE).

Breast cancer remains a significant global concern, underscoring the critical need for early detection and prevention strategies. Primary and secondary preventive measures, such as routine screenings and behaviors like breast self-examination (BSE), play a crucial role in facilitating early diagnosis. While the National Health System (NHS) in Italy offers free regular screenings for women aged 50-69, there is a lack of clarity regarding the participation of both Italian and Chinese women residing in Italy in these screening programs. This study aims to bridge this knowledge gap by thoroughly assessing the involvement in regular clinical check-ups and the types of screening employed, the adherence to free screenings offered by the NHS, and the practice of BSE among women aged 50-69 of these two groups. Furthermore, it investigates their knowledge and perceptions regarding breast cancer and BSE. Results reveal disparities in breast cancer control practice between Italian and Chinese women in Italy: the former demonstrates higher adherence to clinical checkups (53% vs. 3%, p < 0.001), while both groups show low participation in free NHS screenings (70% vs. 4%, p < 0.001). Additionally, Chinese women reported significantly lower frequency of mammography (96% vs. 33%, p < 0.001) and ultrasound (69% vs. 16%, p < 0.001). The frequency of BSE also differed substantially, with 47% of Chinese women never performing BSE compared to 12% of Italian women (p < 0.001). This comprehensive exploration provides valuable insights, attitudes, and knowledge into the disparities and potential areas for improvement in breast cancer prevention, thus contributing to the overall well-being of these communities. The findings highlight the necessity for educational initiatives aimed at improving awareness and participation in screenings, particularly among the Chinese population. These initiatives could have profound implications for patient education by equipping women with the knowledge and skills necessary to engage in proactive health behaviors.

Effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge of breast self-examination among students

Effectiveness of planned teaching program on knowledge of breast self-examination among students

Factors Influencing Early Detection of Breast Cancer Through Clinical Breast Examination (SADANIS) at the North City Health Center, Gorontalo City

Early detection/screening is a secondary prevention effort that is considered the most rational to reduce the death rate due to breast cancer. Clinically early detection of breast cancer is carried out in the target group of women of childbearing age, but the priority for the early detection program in Indonesia is women aged 30-50 years. The research aims to analyze factors influencing early detection of breast cancer through clinical breast examination (SADANIS) at the North City Health Center, Gorontalo City. Analytical survey research method with a cross-sectional study design. The population is women aged 30-50 years who visited the KIA-KB services at the North City Health Center in February 2024, amounting to 136 visitors. Sampling used the Slovin formula, so the total sample was 101 people. Analysis was carried out using the chi-square test and multiple logistic regression test. Based on a multivariate test using a multiple logistic regression test on variables that influence early detection of breast cancer with SADANIS, namely family/husband support, health worker support, and exposure to information, the results obtained are that the family/husband support variable has a significant value of 0.027 &lt;0.05 with a value of Exp(B) = 12.522 which means that family/husband support has a 12.52 times higher risk of influencing early detection of breast cancer. The conclusion of this study is The variable family/husband support is the variable that has the most influence on the early detection of breast cancer with SADANIS

Knowledge and Practice Regarding Breast Self-examination

Knowledge and Practice Regarding Breast Self-examination

Breast-Cancer Awareness and Breast Self-Examination (BSE) Evaluation among Young Adult Females in Dehradun, Uttarakhand

Breast-Cancer Awareness and Breast Self-Examination (BSE) Evaluation among Young Adult Females in Dehradun, Uttarakhand

Why are You Late? A Descriptive Study of Delay in Treatment Seeking among Patients of Carcinoma Breast Presenting to a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India

Objectives: The objectives of this study were as follows: Primary: To estimate the proportion of breast cancer patients with delay in presentation. Secondary: To assess the reasons for delay in presentation among patients with breast cancer. To identify the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with delayed presentation among patients with breast cancer. Materials and Methods: We conducted a hospital-based descriptive study at a tertiary care hospital- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), from a period of January 2016 to June 2016. The participants were interviewed at the time of their hospital visit with a standardised questionnaire after obtaining informed consent. The patients were asked to recall the time interval between the first recognition of symptoms and the first medical consultation. A duration of &gt;3 months was considered a patient delay. The patient reported the first symptom, and the symptoms at presentation were noted. Through clinical examination of the breasts, axilla and other systems was performed, and the positive clinical features were recorded. Results: A total of 126 women were included in the study. Out of 126 patients, 37 patients (29.4%) presented to healthcare personnel within 3 months of identifying their symptoms, and 89 patients (70.6%) presented later than 3 months. The mean duration of delay is 171.5 days, with a standard deviation of 229.45 and a median delay being 120 days. The most common cause for delay was due to the patient’s perception that the lump was harmless or temporary. The average time taken by the patients to present to JIPMER for definitive management of breast cancer after visiting a local physician was a median of 25 days and a mean of 48.77 days. The time taken for confirmation of diagnosis from the time of presentation to JIPMER was a median duration of 13 days and a mean duration of 16.58 days with a standard deviation of 12.31. About 90% of the patients had their diagnosis confirmed within 1 month. Conclusion: In our study, the proportion of delayed presentation among breast cancer patients was found to be 70.6%. Patients from rural areas and with lower educational status were found to have a higher incidence of delayed presentation. Lack of awareness of breast cancer symptoms and their misinterpretation as harmless, temporary and benign are the main reasons for delayed presentation. Patients who practised breast self-examination presented earlier. Further studies with a larger sample will help in identifying the other sociodemographic and clinical characteristics responsible for delayed presentation.