Breadth Of Collaboration Research Articles

Digitalization as a facilitator of open innovation: Are family firms different?

This study analyzes the effect that a firm's level of digitalization has on its open innovation activities. Specifically, we argue that digitalization facilitates collaboration with a wider set of technology partners in the innovation process (i.e., breadth of technological collaboration). In addition, our arguments contend that certain socioemotional factors in the particular context of family firms may diminish this facilitating aspect. We test our ideas using panel data from a representative sample of Spanish manufacturing firms over the period 2007–2017. We find support for the positive association hypothesized between digitalization and the breadth of technological collaboration. Contrary to our expectations, however, the positive effect of digitalization is more pronounced among family firms. We discuss the implications for the open innovation and family business literatures.

Your innovation or mine? The effects of partner diversity on product and process innovation

AbstractDespite a fundamental revolution in digital technology, along with an ancillary reduction in the cost of transmitting knowledge, the innovation literature on knowledge collaboration continues to hold on to the spatial localization of knowledge collaboration as a truism. Drawing on the open innovation literature and knowledge‐based view of firm innovation, this study explores key boundary conditions affecting the relationship between research and development (R&D) collaboration breadth, and product and process innovation. Using a large‐scale survey consisting of 25,813 observations of 14,784 firms in the United Kingdom during 2004–2020, we demonstrate that the breadth of knowledge collaboration with regional, national, and international partners directly affects product and process innovation. However, this relationship depends on the geographical location of the collaboration partner, the type of partner, and the firm's absorptive capacity. We found diminishing marginal returns to knowledge collaboration breadth for regional partners in product innovation, and an inverted U‐shaped relationship in R&D collaboration breadth with regional partners for process innovation and for national and international partners for product and process innovation. While investment in digital technologies only shifts the curve upwards, it is unlikely to change the direction of the relationship between R&D collaboration and a type of innovation outcome. On the contrary, an increase in the share of science, technology, engineering, and math graduates enables firms to leverage the negative effect of R&D collaboration breadth nationally and specifically for process innovation. Investment in digital technology and human capital increases absorptive capacity and reduces the transaction costs associated with over‐search and limited managerial capabilities and resources.

Lessons Learned From a Community–University Partnership to Increase HIV Testing Services for Emerging Adults at a Minority-Serving Institution

The success and advancement of HIV prevention efforts with emerging adults from minority communities requires continued and diligent collaboration between researchers, community members, and community-based organizations. This paper provides an overview of a 3-year collaboration between a Minority Serving Institution of Higher Education, and a grassroots, minority servicing HIV prevention agency. In South Florida, a geographic area with high incidence of HIV, we relied on community-based participatory research (CBPR) to guide the implementation of culturally, linguistically, and developmentally appropriate HIV prevention programming for 18 to 24-year-old Latinx university students. The project partnership was organized around: (a) integrating community knowledge through formative research to understand needs and determine relevant risk factors, (b) building a highly collaborative relationship between a large academic institution and community-based service provider, and (c) designing and implementing ongoing, strategic environmental prevention activities through community-involved research. We describe the collaborative partnership and multiple prevention strategies that were implemented. The success of the community–university partnership was highly dependent on the depth and breadth of collaboration, mutual support, and respect among collaborators. To advance sexual health promotion programs designed for Latinx emerging adults, we describe lessons learned for future CBPR implementation that focus on involving members of priority populations in research teams, aligning project voices, navigating internal governmental systems, creating mutual and direct benefits of partnership, and utilizing networks to enhance sustainability.

The impact of industrial-university-research collaborations on innovation output in China’s petroleum and petrochemical industry

Abstract To increase the capacity and production of the petroleum and petrochemical industries, it is helpful to investigate the features of industry-university-research collaborative innovation networks. Using the DEA model as a research object, listed companies in China’s petroleum and petrochemical industries are assessed for their innovation output, Moreover, we examined the structural holes in a Co-innovation network between industry and university. We have also assessed the network’s density, the strength of its connections, and the quality of its links. The strength of network relationships was negatively correlated with innovation output, but network density was positively correlated with structural holes. As a result of the research, relevant policy recommendations are made, including actively building industry-university-research collaborative innovation platforms, improving the depth and breadth of collaboration between innovation entities within the industry-university-research network, by connecting industry and universities to collaborate on innovative projects, petroleum and petrochemical companies can better compete.

Leveraging the Lab: How Pre-Founding R&D Collaboration Influences the Internationalization Timing of Academic Spin-Offs

Research shows that early internationalization is more likely when founders have international and business-related experience. But what if experience was obtained in other ways? We study the scientist-founders of 149 academic spin-offs (ASOs), using cognition theory to argue for a curvilinear relationship between breadth of pre-founding R&D collaboration and internationalization timing. Our longitudinal study combines survey and patent data to show that increased breadth of collaboration with international scientists increases and then decreases the likelihood of early internationalization. The results are similar but less robust for collaboration with industry partners. Our findings suggest that studies on experience in new venture internationalization underestimate the role of R&D collaboration and the research-based heritage of many new firms.

Integrating Mixed Methods Social Network Analysis to Assess Community-Academic Partnerships.

Community-academic partnerships (CAPs) in public health are increasingly utilized to integrate community voice into decision-making processes of health-related interventions, programs, and practice. However, community partners' collaboration experiences remain understated in the literature. Thus, there is a need to further advance methodological approaches that examine the effectiveness of CAPs, while also highlighting community voice to, ultimately, improve public health outcomes. (1) To demonstrate how a practical approach to mixed methods social network analysis (MMSNA) can highlight power dynamics in community health partnerships and use MMSNA data to build relationships across stake-holders for systems change effortsMethods: MMSNA was used to examine a CAP focused on public health equity in a Midwest region. The project applied a sequential mixed methods design (QUAN → QUAL) with a network survey and individual semi-structured interviews. Both data strands served the function of expansion, where quantitative data identified what relationships existed in the network, level of activity, and factors for motivations, providing breadth of collaboration. Qualitative data further elaborated on how partners perceived these experiences, providing depth and contextualizing quantitative results. Systems level approaches must be applied to capture broader contexts (e.g., community, interpersonal, and individual) surrounding community health partnerships. The use of MMSNA maximizes benefits from a systems methodology-social network analysis-with qualitative interviews that allow for the critical assessment of network structure and community centered perspectives. Community health partnerships are encouraged to utilize this approach in order to deliver more sustainable public health efforts centered on the community that is directly impacted.

Does openness enable or hinder innovation performance? The moderating effect of appropriability mechanisms

ABSTRACT Open innovation has been recognised as being important for innovation performance. However, previous studies have reported inconsistent findings regarding the impact of collaboration on innovation performance. Therefore, this study aims to reexamine this issue using recent data. We empirically examine the impact of the breadth and depth of collaboration and geographical proximity on product and process innovation, along with the moderating effect of appropriability mechanisms. The empirical analysis utilises data from the 2018 Korean Innovation Survey with a sample of 2,392 Korean firms. The results show that the breadth and depth of collaboration and geographical proximity have differential effects on product and process innovation. We also demonstrate the differential moderating impact of appropriability mechanisms. This study contributes to offering a better understanding of how firms can enhance innovation performance in the context of external collaboration and appropriability.

An investigation on the effect of inter-organizational collaboration on reverse logistics

Despite the popularity of reverse logistics in literature, the effect of different collaboration types on the likelihood to introduce reverse logistics innovation has been under-investigated. Hence, this article explores the impact of domestic collaboration with competitors, customers, suppliers, research institutions, and the breadth of collaboration on a firm's reverse logistics innovation. Four hypotheses - grounded on institutional, resource dependence, and absorptive capacity theories – are tested through generalized structural equation modelling analyses on a longitudinal sample of German firms. The results show a positive impact of vertical collaboration, horizontal collaboration, and collaboration with research institutions on the likelihood to introduce reverse logistics innovation. In contrast, collaboration breadth has a negative impact on reverse logistics, an unexpected and surprising result for the innovation management literature. The article offers recommendations to practitioners as to which partners are more likely to increase the odds of introducing reverse logistics innovation and demonstrates that – to such an aim - firms should select a limited number of partners, identifying the ones that suit their needs the most.

Collaboration Network and Trends of Global Coronavirus Disease Research: A Scientometric Analysis.

As a global pandemic threatens health and livelihoods, finding effective treatments has become a vital issue that requires worldwide collaboration. This study examines research collaboration and network profiles through a case study of coronavirus diseases, including both the extinct severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the emerging species (SARS-CoV-2). A scientometric process was designed to apply quantitative tools and a qualitative approach employing technological expertise to accomplish a three-level collaboration analysis. The text mining software, VantagePoint, was used to analyze research articles from the Web of Science database to identify the key national, organizational, and individual players in the coronavirus research field combined with indicators, namely, the breadth and depth of collaboration. The results show that China and the United States are at the center of coronavirus research networks at all three levels, including many endeavors involving single or joint entities. This study demonstrates how governments, public sectors, and private sectors, such as the pharmaceutical industry, can use scientometric analysis to gain insight into the holistic research trends and networks of players in this field, leading to the formulation of strategies to strengthen research and development programs. Furthermore, this approach can be utilized as a visualization and decision support tool for further policy planning, identification and execution of collaboration, and research exchange opportunities. This scientometric process should be directly applicable to other fields.

Open Business Model Innovation – The Impact of Breadth, Depth, and Freedom of Collaboration

In today's digital age, firms are increasingly contingent on external sources of knowledge for generating new and creative ideas for business model innovation (BMI). However, the literature on BMI ...

Measuring technological collaborations on carbon capture and storage based on patents: A social network analysis approach

With huge technical potential, carbon capture and storage (CCS) is widely regarded as an important means of addressing climate change. International technological collaboration on CCS appears particularly crucial to help expedite commercial-scale deployment globally. This study investigates CCS patents and measures technological collaborations among CCS research communities by looking at a global patent cooperation network. Using a social network analysis method, network properties, network actors and cohesive subgroups were examined. The collaborative strength of patentees is also investigated, along with an analysis of the breadth and depth of technological collaboration. The results show that the overall collaboration network of CCS is still at an early stage of development; CCS enterprises and relevant R&D organizations have not established close partnerships. Based on the findings, two suggestions are proposed in order to promote more successful technological collaborations, including the creation of CCS patent pools and the construction of CCS knowledge sharing platforms.

Exploring Temporal and Spatial Evolution of the Patent Collaboration Network: A Case Study of Smart Grid Field in China

Smart grids (SGs) have been widely recognized as an effective way to achieve sustainable energy transformation. SG construction plays an important role in environmental protection and promoting world economic and social development. However, Chinese SG field is still in the technology research and development stage, with immature technology, collaborating with leading partners to achieve effective integration for grid operation control technology, flexible transmission, and other equipment seems to be a major challenge. Therefore, the core content of SG is to form a collaborative innovation network to interactively and instantly connect various partners, which will greatly enhance the interactive operations of power grid and improve the overall efficiency of SG. Under such a background, this article attempts to construct a collaborative innovation network for Chinese SG field and investigate dynamic evolution of this network, in order to form a communicating platform that allows collaboration and operations among different partners. Based on the application data of collaborative patents from National Intellectual Property Administration, PRC, this article employs social network analysis method and visualize the temporal and spatial evolution of collaborative innovation network for Chinese SG field. The results show that there is obvious stage characteristic in the temporal evolution process of the network, there are significant differences in the breadth and depth of interregional collaboration concerned with the spatial evolution, meanwhile, the patent collaboration relationships are diverse, and State Grid Corporation of China is always at the core of the network. Finally, combined with China's actual situation, some policy recommendations are raised.

Influence of network partners on SMEs' innovation activities

Even though previous research has repeatedly highlighted the critical role of network partners on innovation activities, it lacks a dedicated discussion about small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and their approaches to network partners for realising innovation initiatives. This study responds to this situation and, drawing upon a data set from 1,315 Turkish SMEs, empirically conceptualises a typology of strategic types of networkers and explores the influence of these strategic types on marketing and product innovation as well as process and organisational innovation in SMEs. Results show that apart from supply-chain networkers, there are significant positive relationships between all types of network collaborations and SMEs' innovation activities. Additionally, increasing the breadth and depth of network collaboration with external partners will strengthen the positive effects of SMEs' innovation activities even more.

Influence of network partners on SMEs' innovation activities

Even though previous research has repeatedly highlighted the critical role of network partners on innovation activities, it lacks a dedicated discussion about small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and their approaches to network partners for realising innovation initiatives. This study responds to this situation and, drawing upon a data set from 1,315 Turkish SMEs, empirically conceptualises a typology of strategic types of networkers and explores the influence of these strategic types on marketing and product innovation as well as process and organisational innovation in SMEs. Results show that apart from supply-chain networkers, there are significant positive relationships between all types of network collaborations and SMEs' innovation activities. Additionally, increasing the breadth and depth of network collaboration with external partners will strengthen the positive effects of SMEs' innovation activities even more.

Using social network analysis to document science festival partnerships

This study applies social network analysis to explore the role that one science festival has played in building the state's STEM learning ecosystem. It examines the breadth and extent of collaboration among STEM educators and their partners, reviewing past and present partnerships across 449 events during the 2015 festival. Three case studies provide in-depth illustrations of partnerships. These findings represent an important step towards (a) mapping a STEM learning ecosystem, and (b) trying to understand how a festival affects the ecosystem itself. Together, study results demonstrate how the festival has served to stimulate and foster STEM partnerships.

State-Level Trends and Correlates for Cross-Sector Collaboration on School Nutrition and Physical Education Activities, 2000-2012.

IntroductionCross-sector collaboration on child obesity prevention is common, yet little research has examined the context of collaboration at the state level. This study describes secular trends in collaboration between state agency staff responsible for school nutrition and physical education activities and other organizations from 2000 to 2012.MethodsData from the School Health Policies and Practices Study were used to describe collaboration between state agency staff and 13 types of public, private, and nonprofit organizations. Breadth of collaboration in 2012 was examined across political, social, and economic conditions.ResultsCollaboration between state agency staff and other organization types increased from 2000 to 2006 and decreased or stabilized from 2006 to 2012. Breadth of collaboration was greater in states with a physical education coordinator, higher levels of poverty, higher prevalence of childhood obesity, and more public health funding. Breadth was similar across states by census region, political party of governor, majority party in state legislature, percentage non-Hispanic white population, high school graduation rate, and unemployment rate.ConclusionCross-sector collaboration on school nutrition and physical education was widespread and did not vary substantially across most political, social, and economic measures. Expanded monitoring and surveillance of state-level collaboration would assist efforts to understand how state agencies work across sectors and whether this collaboration affects the support they provide to schools.

Quality improvements in decreasing medication administration errors made by nursing staff in an academic medical center hospital: a trend analysis during the journey to Joint Commission International accreditation and in the post-accreditation era.

BackgroundMedication errors may occur during prescribing, transcribing, prescription auditing, preparing, dispensing, administration, and monitoring. Medication administration errors (MAEs) are those that actually reach patients and remain a threat to patient safety. The Joint Commission International (JCI) advocates medication error prevention, but experience in reducing MAEs during the period of before and after JCI accreditation has not been reported.MethodsAn intervention study, aimed at reducing MAEs in hospitalized patients, was performed in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China, during the journey to JCI accreditation and in the post-JCI accreditation era (first half-year of 2011 to first half-year of 2014). Comprehensive interventions included organizational, information technology, educational, and process optimization-based measures. Data mining was performed on MAEs derived from a compulsory electronic reporting system.ResultsThe number of MAEs continuously decreased from 143 (first half-year of 2012) to 64 (first half-year of 2014), with a decrease in occurrence rate by 60.9% (0.338% versus 0.132%, P<0.05). The number of MAEs related to high-alert medications decreased from 32 (the second half-year of 2011) to 16 (the first half-year of 2014), with a decrease in occurrence rate by 57.9% (0.0787% versus 0.0331%, P<0.05). Omission was the top type of MAE during the first half-year of 2011 to the first half-year of 2014, with a decrease by 50% (40 cases versus 20 cases). Intravenous administration error was the top type of error regarding administration route, but it continuously decreased from 64 (first half-year of 2012) to 27 (first half-year of 2014). More experienced registered nurses made fewer medication errors. The number of MAEs in surgical wards was twice that in medicinal wards. Compared with non-intensive care units, the intensive care units exhibited higher occurrence rates of MAEs (1.81% versus 0.24%, P<0.001).ConclusionA 3-and-a-half-year intervention program on MAEs was confirmed to be effective. MAEs made by nursing staff can be reduced, but cannot be eliminated. The depth, breadth, and efficiency of multidiscipline collaboration among physicians, pharmacists, nurses, information engineers, and hospital administrators are pivotal to safety in medication administration. JCI accreditation may help health systems enhance the awareness and ability to prevent MAEs and achieve successful quality improvements.

DETERMINANTS OF R&amp;D COLLABORATION: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

The focus of the study is on the determinants of R&amp;D collaboration and their effects on its breadth and depth. Using a sample from an original survey of 193 Finnish firms, we examine the effects of R&amp;D intensity, incoming spillovers, size, specific motives and selected appropriability mechanisms on R&amp;D collaboration with various actors. The findings indicate that R&amp;D intensity and incoming spillovers have a positive impact on the breadth of collaboration, and that firm size is relevant. Size is also quite decisive in terms of depth in that it relates to the existence of collaboration with five out of six different partner types. Finally, the determinants differ slightly depending on the external organizations with which the firm collaborates. The study complements previous research on the determinants of R&amp;D collaboration in focusing on a variety of factors and examining them in terms of both breadth and depth.

The paradox of openness: Appropriability, external search and collaboration

To innovate, firms often need to draw from, and collaborate with, a large number of actors from outside their organization. At the same time, firms need also to be focused on capturing the returns from their innovative ideas. This gives rise to a paradox of openness—the creation of innovations often requires openness, but the commercialization of innovations requires protection. Based on econometric analysis of data from a UK innovation survey, we find a concave relationship between firms’ breadth of external search and formal collaboration for innovation, and the strength of the firms’ appropriability strategies. We show that this concave relationship is stronger for breadth of formal collaboration than for external search. There is also partial evidence suggesting that the relationship is less pronounced for both external search and formal collaboration if firms do not draw ideas from or collaborate with competitors. We explore the implications of these findings for the literature on open innovation and innovation strategy.

Experts’ Opinions on the High Achievement of Scientific Literacy in PISA 2003: A Comparative Study in Finland and Korea

Despite the breadth of coverage and collaboration, few empirical studies have concerned educational background and its implementation in order for scrutinising the reasons for students’ high scientific literacy in Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2003 at international level. Rather, many report the data as evidence of successful accountability in a country. In order to illuminate reasons for the high achievement, experts from Finland and Korea participated in a web-based survey. Their opinions revealed heterogeneous contributors: Korean parental support and private education, and Finnish policy involving educational equality; Finnish and Korean teacher education; and Korean centralisation, and Finnish devolution of curriculum and its implementation. Because of the reasons which are irrelevant to the policy orientation of PISA, careful analysis of the educational background and implementation ought to be recognised in advance of reporting the students’ achievement as evidence of national accountability.