Cross-Cultural Validation of the Brazilian-Portuguese Oral Health Impact Profile for Temporomandibular Disorders.

Abstract In this paper, we study how meaning of a polysemous lexical item is distinguished in a terminological research study to account for terms from the field of the environment in Brazilian Portuguese. This research is related to two multilingual terminological resources, the DiCoEnviro — Dictionnaire fondamental de l’environnement — and A framed version of DiCoEnviro , both under the coordination of the Observatoire de Linguistique Sens-Texte (OLST), Université de Montréal , Canada. The focus is on the verb poluir (to pollute), a polysemous lexical item, extracted from a corpus, especially compiled for the research, made up of scientific articles on the topic of pollution. The research draws on the lexicon-driven approach (LDA) encompassing two frameworks, Explanatory Combinatorial Lexicology (ECL) and Frame Semantics (FS). Based on eight methodological steps, the terminological research adopts a specific perspective on the linguistic properties of terms and on the expression of specialized knowledge in semantic frames. The results show two meanings for poluir , poluir 1a and poluir 1b , each meaning presenting a different argument structure, with a different number of arguments and semantic roles, and attributed to different frames, Contamination and Cause_Contamination respectively.

ABSTRACT Consumer eating experiences are strongly tied to sensory pleasure and emotional responses from multisensory stimuli. This study aimed to advance knowledge in sensory consumer science through a cross-modal approach. In an experiment with Brazilian consumers (N = 148), two types of sounds – one associated with bitterness (low frequency) and the other with sweetness (high frequency) – were played while participants tasted dark chocolate (54.5% cocoa). Emotions were measured using a lexicon adapted to Brazilian Portuguese, and acceptance was rated on a 9-point hedonic scale. Perceptions of bitterness and sweetness were assessed using a bitter-sweet scale. Results showed that the sweet sound significantly (p < .05) elicited positive emotions like tenderness, nostalgia, and hope, while the bitter sound triggered negative emotions such as longing, anxiety, tension, and fear. The perception of sweetness also increased significantly (p < .05) with the sweet sound. Chocolate acceptance remained consistent across all scenarios (p > .05). These findings confirm that sound can influence both taste perception and emotional responses, enriching the overall consumption experience. Additionally, the use of emotion measurement proved to be a valuable tool in elucidating the associations between stimuli and emotions, offering deeper insights into the multisensory nature of food experiences. This study enhances our understanding of how sound shapes sensory and emotional perceptions, providing practical insights for designing more engaging and memorable eating experiences in the foodservice business.

Development of a Brazilian Portuguese instrument to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices of pregnant women with diabetes at a Brazilian center

It is essential to accurately assess distress and pain in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU); however, few instruments have had their measurement properties tested for the Brazilian population. To analyze the intra- and inter-examiner reliability, internal consistency, and responsiveness of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Premature Infant Pain Profile-Revised (PIPP-R) scale in Brazilian neonates. This is a methodological study conducted in the NICU. Neonates with a gestational age of 24-42 weeks who were not under the effect of muscle block or analgesia at the time of evaluation were included. Inter-examiner reliability was assessed at bedside by two trained evaluators who independently assessed the neonates at bedside and in real time using the PIPP-R. Procedures were filmed and used for intra-examiner reliability assessment after 10-14 days. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) was used to determine intra- and inter-examiner reliability. Responsiveness was assessed by comparing the total scores before and after painful procedures using a paired t-test, followed by an effect size analysis. A total of 119 assessments were performed on 15 neonates. The PIPP-R demonstrated excellent intra- and inter-examiner reliability (ICC > 0.9), and successfully detected changes after an acute painful procedure (p = 0.003; effect size = 0.8). Excellent intra- and inter-examiner reliability, and sensitivity to changes over time were observed by using the PIPP-R at bedside, indicating that this is a suitable instrument for clinical use.

Iconic words are characterized by a sense of resemblance between their form and their meaning. The most common examples are onomatopoeias such as “cock-a-doodle-doo” or “woof-woof,” but recent research shows that speakers of various languages perceive a relationship between sound and meaning in various words of their language. This is the case for English words such as crunchy, zigzag or wiggle, whose sonority is perceived as mapping onto their meaning (Winter et al., 2023). Recently, psycholinguistic research has investigated whether iconicity influence language processing. Sidhu, Vigliocco and Pexman (2020) ran a lexical decision task with words varying in their iconicity level. Their results show that the more iconic a word is, the quicker participants react to it, thus suggesting that iconicity may have a facilitatory effect in word recognition. We plan to replicate their study with a sample of Brazilian Portuguese speakers and Brazilian Portuguese words to test their main claim that reaction times in a classic lexical decision task could be influenced by the stimuli’s level of iconicity in a neurotypical population of adults. Our analysis plan closely follows the original study. A successful replication should show that participants react faster to words with higher iconicity ratings.

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common congenital anomaly and a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. A prenatal diagnosis of CHD is a psychologically distressing event that requires sensitive and effective counseling. However, no validated tool exists in Brazilian Portuguese to assess the quality of counseling provided to families following such diagnosis. To conduct the cross-cultural adaptation and content validation of "Kovacevic Questionnaire" for evaluating parental counseling after prenatal CHD diagnosis into Brazilian Portuguese. This cross-sectional study followed the standardized guidelines for cultural adaptation proposed by Beaton et al. The process included translation, synthesis, back-translation, expert review, pre-testing, and psychometric evaluation. Two Expert Committees assessed semantic, idiomatic, cultural, and conceptual equivalence. Content Validity Index (CVI), Prevalence- and Bias-Adjusted Kappa (PABAK), and Content Validity Coefficient (CVC) were calculated. The adapted instrument was pre-tested with ten pregnant women carrying fetuses diagnosed with CHD. The adaptation process resulted in a culturally relevant and linguistically accurate Brazilian version. Expert agreement was high, with most items achieving CVI and PABAK values close to 1.0 and CVC values ≥ 0.80. Minor linguistic refinements were made for clarity and cultural sensitivity. Pre-test participants rated all items as clear and relevant, with CVI and PABAK equal to 1.00. The Brazilian Portuguese version of "Kovacevic Questionnaire" demonstrated high validity and acceptability. It provides clinicians and researchers with a reliable tool to assess and enhance counseling quality for families facing prenatal CHD diagnoses, particularly in diverse and resource-constrained settings such as the Amazon region.

The APREMDI scale allows clinicians to quantitatively assess patients’ perceptions of respect and dignity during hospitalization, helping to identify subtle dignity violations that may compromise recovery and satisfaction.

Assessing the multidimensional nature of suffering in palliative care is challenging. The Suffering Pictogram (SP) is a visual instrument developed to facilitate the communication and measurement of this experience in clinical practice. To translate, cross-culturally adapt, and validate the SP into Brazilian Portuguese (SP-BR) for cancer patients. A sample of 222 cancer patients completed the SP-BR and the FACIT-Sp-12 scale. Psychometric properties were assessed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), and convergent validity (Pearson's correlations). EFA confirmed a unidimensional structure (loadings 0.40-0.73; variance explained 34.42%). Internal consistency was robust (α=0.80). The SP-BR showed a moderate correlation with the FACIT-Sp-12 (r=-0.50, p≤0.001). The SP-BR is a validated, unidimensional Brazilian Portuguese instrument suitablefor holistic suffering assessment in clinical settings. The SP-BR is a brief tool for holistic suffering assessment, making it suitablefor efficient screening in clinical and research settings, including those with limited resources.

Aim: Despite the availability of physical activity questionnaires in Portuguese, there is a lack of instruments specifically adapted to the Brazilian cultural context that adequately capture physical activity patterns in older adults. Therefore, this study aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) into Brazilian Portuguese and to assess its internal consistency and reliability. Methods: The cross-cultural adaptation involved translators, back-translators, and experts who prepared the PASE-Br version. Intraclass correlation coefficient was used to assess its reliability in 48 older adults. The final PASE-Br version was approved by consensus, with no need for pretesting changes. Result: Intra- and inter-rater assessments classified PASE-Br reliability as low to very high/excellent and moderate to very high/excellent, respectively. Internal consistency was considered acceptable (Cronbach’s alpha 0.81). Conclusion: The PASE-Br demonstrates preliminary evidence of reliability and internal consistency for estimating physical activity levels in the Brazilian older population.

The present study evaluated the effectiveness of machine translation (MT) in both forward (English to Brazilian Portuguese) and backward translation (Brazilian Portuguese to English) of psychological and health-related assessments. The quality of the translations was assessed using the COMET (Crosslingual Optimized Metric for Evaluation of Translation) metric, and statistical modeling was performed using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE). In forward translation, COMET scores from DeepL (β = 0.0020, p = 0.667), OpenAI (β = 0.0041, p = 0.256), and Widn.AI (β = 0.0027, p = 0.505) showed no statistically significant differences from human outputs, whereas, Azure (β = −0.0143, p = 0.024) showed statistically significant underperformance. W-ADL and SCOFF showed lower scores, often below the 0.940 threshold, suggesting greater cultural adaptation demands. In back-translation, DeepL (β = −0.000075, p = 0.965), OpenAI (β = −0.0002, p = 0.883), and Widn.AI (β = −0.0047, p = 0.227) matched human performance, but Azure again underperformed (β = −0.0103, p = 0.013). Lower COMET scores were observed for SPAI, PSDQ, BIS-11, W-ADL, and SCOFF compared to DII (all p &lt; 0.05). Despite this, the overall quality of back-translation remained high. Overall, COMET appears to be a robust metric for evaluating semantic fidelity in both directions, particularly in back-translation when the original version serves as a reference. These results support the integration of MT into cross-cultural adaptation approaches, suggesting that this approach is not a replacement but a supportive tool that enhances translation efficiency while maintaining the indispensable role of human expert judgment.

ABSTRACT Objective To conduct the cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric validation of the OHIP-TMDs for Portuguese-speaking populations, developing a unified version that encompasses both European and Brazilian Portuguese variants. Methods A bicentric observational study was conducted according to Beaton’s guidelines and COSMIN standards. The instrument underwent translation, expert review, and pre-testing. Psychometric validation included 211 individuals with TMD (Portugal: n=98; Brazil: n=113). Internal consistency (Cronbach’s α, McDonald’s ω), test–retest reliability (ICC), structural validity (CFA), convergent validity (Fonseca Anamnestic Index), and known-groups validity were assessed separately for each country. Results The OHIP-TMDs-PT demonstrated excellent internal consistency (α=0.98 PT; α=0.96 BR) and reliability (ICC=0.96 PT; ICC=0.94 BR). CFA supported a unidimensional structure in Portugal and a second-order model in Brazil. Strong convergent validity and significant known-groups differences were observed. Conclusion The OHIP-TMDs-PT is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing oral health-related quality of life in individuals with TMD across Lusophone populations.

Introduction Research on first-language (L1) perceptual attrition indicates that second-language (L2) learners can acquire syllabic structures that are dispreferred in the L1 and that such acquisition can yield L1 phonotactic restructuring in phonetic and phonological processing and production. In the current study, we examine the production of coda stops in the L1, Brazilian Portuguese, and the adult L2, English, of a bilingual sample of speakers in an L2 immersion environment. Our first objective is to determine how these bilinguals' languages interact across perception and production. Specifically, we address the following questions within and between languages, respectively: (1) to what degree of accuracy do these speakers produce coda stops in the L2, and does L2 perception accuracy predict L2 production accuracy?; (2) to what degree of accuracy do these speakers produce coda stops in the L1, and does L1 perception accuracy predict L1 production patterns?; (3) does L2 production accuracy predict L1 production patterns? Our second objective is to model potentially asymmetric perception and production relationships in the L1 and L2 after extensive L2 exposure while accommodating variable production patterns within and across speakers. Methods Fifteen adult bilinguals completed a syllable concatenation task in both languages in which they concatenated disyllabic forms from monosyllabic nonce-word pairs. Productions were coded for coda stop realization and repair strategies. Production data were analyzed using mixed-effects logistic regression models, and previously published ABX perception data were used to examine perception-production relationships within and across languages. Results Participants reliably produced a syllabic target free from epenthesis in English and did so 66 percent of the time in Portuguese. However, they avoided coda stops in 19% of L2 productions and 46% of L1 productions. In cases of coda avoidance, speakers largely favored epenthesis of the coda stop, followed by palatalization and deletion. Discussion Perception accuracy did not predict production accuracy in either language. In contrast, second-language production accuracy predicted first-language production patterns. To model the speakers' asymmetric comprehension and production grammars, variable coda repair strategies, and the variable relationship between the grammars over time, we adopt the Bidirectional Phonetics and Phonology framework.

This article introduces a computerized set of online tasks suitable for measuring working memory capacity among European Portuguese and Brazilian Portuguese speakers (the oWMC-PT battery). The battery comprises three working memory measures: the reading span, the symmetry span, and the forward digit span. The tasks can be completed online at the participant’s own devices in approximately 30 min. The oWMC-PT was specifically designed for use with Portuguese and Brazilian populations but can be readily adapted for any language (and we provide an English version in our repository). The three tested tasks had acceptable reliability and correlated moderately, forming a single latent factor reflecting working memory capacity. We observed configural and metric invariance, but not scalar invariance, between the two tested samples of speakers of European Portuguese (N = 195) and Brazilian Portuguese (N = 154). This indicates that tasks load similarly to the latent factor in both samples, but latent scores between samples cannot be directly compared. The oWMC-PT task can serve as a versatile tool to assess working memory capacity in online samples – particularly in the Portuguese-speaking world, but potentially also in other languages. The battery is accessible at: https://osf.io/ubcez.

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a prevalent genetic disorder for which no pharmacological treatment is currently available. It affects approximately 1 in 3,000 live births, with an estimated 80,000 individuals living with the condition in Brazil. Benign tumors, such as plexiform neurofibromas, can substantially impair both physical function and appearance. Additionally, patients can present behavioral and cognitive challenges, including language impairments, learning disabilities, hyperactivity, autism spectrum symptoms, and depression. The quality of life of affected individuals is largely influenced by clinical, psychological, and social factors. Quality-of-life assessment cannot rely solely on clinical observation; it requires direct input from patients and their families. Validated instruments, such as the PedsQLNF1 Module, are essential to objectively capture these perspectives. To translate and culturally adapt the Scaling and Scoring of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory(PedsQL) Neurofibromatosis Module into Brazilian Portuguese for children, adolescents, and young adults with NF1 (ages 5-25), as well as their parents or caregivers. The study followed four phases: (1) translation into Portuguese; (2) back-translation into English; (3) expert review by physicians and nurses from multiple regions of Brazil; and (4) pilot testing with NF1 patients. Expert evaluation included the Content Validity Index (CVI) and Kappa coefficient to assess agreement and reliability. The PedsQLNF1 Module was successfully translated and culturally adapted for Brazilian patients aged 5-25 years. The results showed satisfactory CVI (0.75) and Kappa (0.6) values. Minor adjustments were made to the caregiver version to improve comprehension, e.g., replacing fearwith is afraidfor better contextual meaning. The pilot study included 42 patients and 46 caregivers. Five patients with behavioral conditions (autism spectrum disorder or hyperactivity) were unable to complete the questionnaire. The translation, cultural adaptation, and pre-testing of the PedsQL NF1 Module were successfully completed. The instrument demonstrated acceptable content validity and inter-rater agreement, supporting its applicability for Brazilian patients and caregivers.

This study aimed to enhance the understanding of self-expansion in diverse linguistic and cultural contexts by establishing the validity of a Brazilian Portuguese translation of the Self-Expansion Questionnaire (SEQ, Lewandowski &amp; Aron, 2002). A total of 1,366 participants were engaged across three data collections phases in this investigation, employing an online survey methodology. In the initial phase (203 participants, 73,94% females), we explored the factor structures of the scales through exploratory factor analyses. The second data collection phase (1,064 participants, 58,4% females) evaluated the cultural adjustment to a specific item and conducted a confirmatory factor analysis. The third data collection phase (99 participants, 68,7% females) tested the convergent validity of the self-expansion scale, utilizing openness to experience and general self-efficacy as external measures. The Brazilian version of the SEQ, comprising 13 items (excluding item 4, due to its incongruence with the Brazilian context) demonstrated strong internal reliability (α=0,91; ω=0,92), suggesting its suitability for Brazilian populations. The lack of convergent validity with external measures (self-efficacy and openness to experience) was contrary to patterns observed in other cultures contexts. Our research provides valuable insights into the cultural nuances influencing self-expansion among Brazilians, prompting further inquiries into its specific meanings and psychometric properties within this population.

BackgroundFear of falling can be present in the daily lives of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) due to their predisposition to falls.ObjectiveThe main objective of this study was to translate the Fear of Falls Scale (FFS) into Brazilian Portuguese, adapt it cross-culturally, and validate it.MethodsA multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted with PD patients fluent in Brazilian Portuguese, recruited from five research centers in Brazil. Descriptive analysis characterized the sample and compared the data. Cronbach's α and McDonald's ω coefficients were used to assess the internal consistency of the scale.ResultsNo significant differences were observed between the translated versions T1 and T2. The B1 and B2 versions did not present significant divergences in the back-translation from the original scale. The Movement Disorder Society – Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) part III significantly correlated with motor skills (rho = 0.56, 0.43–0.67;p≤ 0.001) and fear of falling (rho = 0.48, 0.34–0.60;p≤ 0.001). Higher stages on the modified Hoehn & Yahr scale were associated with a greater decline in motor skills and a greater fear of falling (p < 0.001). The total internal consistency of balance-related motor skills and fear of falling was considered sufficiently reliable. Cronbach's α values were 0.96, 0.91, and 0.90; while McDonald's ω values were 0.96, 0.92, and 0.91, respectively.ConclusionThe Brazilian version of the FFS proved to be valid and reliable for assessing fear of falling in people with PD.

Self-efficacy and adherence to home exercises are fundamental to an effective treatment. Translating, culturally adapting, and evaluating the psychometric properties of a self-efficacy for home exercises scale will enable its use in clinical practice. To translate, culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Self-Efficacy for Home Exercise Programs Scale (SEHEPS) in individuals with shoulder pain. SEHEPS was translated from English to Brazilian Portuguese. Individuals aged 18 to 60 years with shoulder pain lasting at least 3 months were included. The test-retest reliability of the SEHEPS was verified through repeated applications by the same assessor. Construct validity was analyzed by correlation with the Chronic Pain Self-efficacy Scale (CPSS) and the Exercise Adherence Rating Scale (EARS). The responsiveness of the Brazilian Portuguese SEHEPS was assessed during a 12-week randomized clinical trial. The questionnaires were administered 4, 8, and 12 weeks after baseline. The Brazilian Portuguese SEHEPS demonstrated good reliability, with an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.73 and Cronbach's alpha of 0.93. Construct validity showed moderate correlations with CPSS (ρ = 0.45, p < 0.001) and EARS (ρ = 0.46, p < 0.001). Responsiveness analysis revealed that changes in SEHEPS scores were significantly correlated with CPSS scores (ρ = 0.42, p = 0.006), with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.71. The tool showed no floor or ceiling effects. The Brazilian Portuguese version of SEHEPS is a reliable, valid, and responsive instrument for assessing self-efficacy in home exercise programs among individuals with chronic shoulder pain.

Measurement properties of six expectation scales for chronic low back pain in Brazilian Portuguese: Not all expectations are the same.

Acquired apraxia of speech is often a comorbidity that accompanies aphasia. In some cases, it may be difficult to distinguish whether speech errors are phonological (resulting from aphasia) or phonetic (resulting from apraxia of speech).To verify the capacity of the Costa, Brescancini, and Ortiz (CBO) protocol to identify acquired apraxia of speech in persons with aphasia (PWA) among Brazilian Portuguese speakers.This is a cross-sectional and prospective study that included the participation of 7 PWA and suspected apraxia of speech (PWAG) poststroke and 25 neurotypical individuals who formed the control group (CG). All participants were followed the tasks of the CBO protocol, such as spontaneous conversation, description of a thematic card, word repetition, and diadochokinesias (DKK).The protocol differentiated the groups in the spontaneous speech tasks (percentage of errors per word); word repetition list (time, punctuation, quantity, and type of manifestations); and DKK /ka/ and /pataka/. The results showed that the PWAG presented less fluent, slower speech, with more errors than the CG. Additionally, the protocol mapped the nature of the errors.The protocol enabled the identification of acquired apraxia of speech in PWA. It was also possible to analyze the tasks and linguistic variables that most interfered with the motor production of speech in Brazilian PWA.