IL-4Rα signalling and Iloprost treatment modulate neuroimmune and neurocognitive responses in Trypanosoma brucei-Infected mice.

Optimal brain development is context-dependent: How socioeconomic status moderates brain-behavior relationships in cognitive and academic development.

λ-carrageenan-induced inflammation modulates transposable element expression in skin and brain of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata).

Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is associated with fear-related behavioral adaptations and changes in brain function, but the spatial location and frequency of resting neural oscillations that underlie cLBP are not well-understood. In this study we used 128-channel resting-state electroencephalography in older adults with cLBP and high fear, cLBP and low fear, and healthy controls to close this critical gap. Source-space analyses and the Fitting Oscillations and One Over F algorithm were implemented to decompose resting electroencephalography spectra into periodic and aperiodic components. We offer 2 novel contributions to the literature. First, periodic alpha power was lower in the high fear group in temporal and occipital regions compared with the control group and the low fear group. Second, a progressive decrease in periodic beta power was evident across groups in temporal, parietal, and occipital regions, with the lowest power in the high fear group and greatest in the control group. Aperiodic components were not different between groups. Our findings suggest that the neurophysiological signature of cLBP is distinct from that observed in other chronic pain conditions and from a pattern of accelerated aging. Indeed, too little or too much beta power at rest may equally represent suboptimal neural function. Our findings advance our understanding of the neural oscillations that underlie cLBP, but also further highlight the complexity of identifying a single and generalizable neural signature of chronic pain.

The concept of food-medicine homology, derived from traditional Chinese dietary culture, endows functional food biscuits with both nutritional value and therapeutic potency. Such biscuits are abundant in bioactive compounds including polysaccharides, dietary fiber, and flavonoids, which may exert regulatory effects through the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA). This study explored the impacts of functional biscuits formulated with Gastrodia elata Bl., Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf, Coix lacryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen (Roman.) Stapf, Sesamum indicum L., Juglans regia L., and Ziziphus jujuba Mill. on intestinal microbiota and cerebral biochemical indicators in mice. Mice were assigned to four groups: control, low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose biscuit groups. We measured serum interleukin-1β (IL-1β), hippocampal acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as well as cerebral superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels, and profiled intestinal microbiota using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The low-dose group exhibited optimal modulation of hippocampal AChE and BDNF, concurrent with reshaped intestinal microbiota and elevated abundance of beneficial bacterial taxa. Intervention doses exerted significant effects on microbial diversity; genera such as unclassified Atopobiaceae, Facklamia, and Staphylococcus were significantly correlated with changes in cerebral biomarkers. Collectively, these compound biscuits remodel the intestinal microbiota to ameliorate brain function, antioxidant capacity, and inflammatory status via the MGBA, demonstrating great potential for maintaining cognitive and neurological health.

Changes in Gut Microbiota and Brain Function in Rats Fed with a copper-overloaded Diet.

Bacopa monnieri confers neuroprotection against middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced neurobehavioral and biochemical dysregulation in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of male Wistar rats.

Sleep disturbances have been linked to an increased risk of neurological disease, but it remains unclear whether they represent modifiable risk factors or early signs of disease. We investigated how multiple dimensions of sleep relate to the onset of neurological disease, and whether sleep patterns change before and after diagnosis. We used longitudinal data from 24,033 participants in the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health, followed biennially from 2010 to 2018. Incident neurological disease was identified via national registers. Associations were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models and longitudinal trajectories of sleep variables were examined using linear mixed-effects models on a backward timescale. During a median follow-up of 4 years, 1382 participants developed a neurological disease. Several sleep-related symptoms were associated with increased risk, including persistent fatigue (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.38-1.80), non-refreshing sleep (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.22-1.62), and sleep-disordered breathing (HR 2.27, 95% CI 1.75-2.93). Insomnia alone was not associated with increased risk (HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.84-1.33), unless accompanied by daytime symptoms (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.28-1.78). Longitudinal analyses showed that individuals who developed neurological disease experienced a gradual shift toward later bed- and wake-up times, along with increasing insomnia symptoms, fatigue, and sleep-disordered breathing in the years preceding diagnosis. Sleep symptoms and changes in sleep-wake timing precede the diagnosis of neurological disease by several years. These patterns may reflect early prodromal alterations in brain function and support the potential of sleep-related complaints as early indicators in neurological health surveillance.

Beyond seizure control: Functional and caregiver-reported outcomes of long-term fenfluramine treatment in Dravet syndrome.

EEG-based functional connectivity uncovers frequency-specific brain network alterations induced by nostalgic music.

The protective role of Astaxanthin against the central and peripheral detrimental effects for chronic administration of sweeteners in a rat model: Involvement of multiple signaling axes.

CGLK-GNN : A connectome generation network with large kernels for GNN based Alzheimer's disease analysis.

Asthma's impact on brain function: an investigation of changes in functional connectivity and network topology.

Behavioral inhibition and brain function: A coordinate-based meta-analysis of task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging studies.

GD3 synthase deficiency disrupts Na+/K+-ATPase and plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase function in mouse brain.

Ketone Bodies Derived From Medium-Chain Triglycerides Support Brain Metabolism and Function Under Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Impact of maternal opioid use during pregnancy on offspring brain structure and function: a systematic review of magnetic resonance imaging studies.

Sensorimotor network hyperactivity and impaired psychomotor performance associated with cumulative occupational stress in firefighters.

Engineered three-dimensional (3D) neural constructs hold significant promise for repairing neural tissue damage and recapitulating the human brainin vitrofor disease modeling and drug screening applications. However, most current 3D neural models, including freestanding organoids and dense bioprinted neural constructs, lack the architectural and functional organization required to emulate the cerebral cortex, which comprises gray matter regions rich in neuronal cell bodies and white matter tracts formed by long-range axonal projections. This architectural mismatch limits the models' ability to support functional connectivity analysis, predictin vivobehavior, and achieve effective integration with host tissue. In this study, we present an extruded droplet-on-demand (X-DoD) bioprinting technique that enables deterministic spatial patterning of droplets containing human induced pluripotent stem cells encapsulated within an extracellular matrix (ECM)-based hydrogel and embedded in a permissive, low-concentration hydrogel bulk that supports diffusion. Using a 5 × 5 droplet array pattern, we demonstrate that after 30 d of differentiation into cortical neurons and formation of 3D neuronal networks, the micron-scale, cell-body-dense droplets (microtissues) remain localized at their initial droplet sites and are interconnected by millimeter-scale neurite projections. This defined gray-white matter-like organization enables functional analysis via calcium imaging and seamless integration with custom electronic devices for advanced neurophysiological interrogation. Calcium imaging and electrical recordings revealed temporally preserved, propagating network activity, with network excitability dynamically modulated by treatment with GABA antagonist bicuculline. Altogether, the X-DoD bioprinting platform offers a powerful and adaptable approach for engineering spatially organized 3D neural networks with tunable connectivity, providing a robust tool for studying brain function, disease modeling, and future therapeutic applications.

Effects of (poly)phenol-rich cranberry on mental health in university students: The CRANMOOD randomised controlled trial.