Brick-and-cement structured polyamide membranes enabling to selectively separate boron from brackish water and real seawater permeate

Red seabream Pagrus major (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) (Teleostei: Sparidae) farmed in Japan exhibited mild scoliosis, and myxosporean and microsporidian parasites were isolated from the brain and medulla oblongata of the diseased fish, respectively. Based on the morphological and molecular analyses, the myxosporean specimens were described as a new species, Myxobolus tai n. sp. (Bivalvulida: Myxobolidae). The spore is oblong to oval in valvular view, with two pyriform polar capsules of slightly unequal size. Polar capsules are asymmetrically positioned relative to the major axis of the spore. Myxospores morphologically similar to those of M. tai were also identified in the kidney of the yellowback seabream Evynnis tumifrons (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) (Sparidae) caught in North Pacific off Minami-Ise Town, Mie Prefecture, Japan. Whereas white and round plasmodia were observed in the brain of P. major, only free spores were confirmed in the kidney of E. tumifrons. Nucleotide sequences of the partial small subunit ribosomal RNA gene were identical between those myxosporeans collected from P. major and E. tumifrons, indicating they are conspecific. Molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed M. tai n. sp. is sister to Myxobolus iwagiensis Kawano, Sakurai, & Yanagida, 2025, which was described from the nervous tissues of wild southern medaka Oryzias latipes (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) (Beloniformes: Adrianichthyidae) collected from brackish water in Japan. Molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that the microsporidian in the medulla oblongata of P. major as an undescribed species belonging to the family Spragueidae.

Estimating technical efficiency and its determinants in Indonesian smallholder brackish water aquaculture

Techno-economic optimization of large-scale two-stage brackish water reverse osmosis systems using dimensionless modeling.

Photodegradation of polyamide, polyester, and HDPE aquaculture cage nets: Implications for microplastic pollution.

ABSTRACT Tomato productivity is severely constrained by salinity stress, which disrupts growth, yield and fruit quality. A field study was conducted at the Regional Research Station, Bathinda to evaluate the performance of selected tomato genotypes under canal water and brackish tube well water for irrigation. Salinity significantly reduced plant height and leaf number. Average fruit weight decreased from 68.4 grams under canal water to 51.3 grams brackish water and number of fruits plant−1 decreased from 30.8 to 29.4 in saline conditions. Total and marketable yield per hectare declined by 10% and 19%, respectively. Conversely, moderate salinity enhanced certain quality traits; total soluble solids increased from 4.8 to 5.7 °Brix, lycopene rose from 4.3 to 5.0 milligrams 100 grams−1 fresh weight and Total soluble solids to acid ratio improved from 5.3 to 7.8, whereas titratable acidity declined from 0.96 to 0.78%. Among the genotypes, PTNI-203, PTNI-202 and PTNI-200 maintained superior growth, yield and fruit quality traits. These findings showed the potential for selecting and breeding tomato varieties with high yield and improved fruit quality in saline irrigation. Future research should focus on physiological and genetic basis of salinity tolerance to support sustainable tomato production in saline conditions.

We evaluated 13years of fishery-independent small juvenile (< 1.86m stretch total length) endangered smalltooth sawfish sampling data from southwest Florida's Charlotte Harbor estuarine system. From 2010 through 2022, within the sampling domain, estimated abundance declined, with an annual average across all seasons of 34 ± 11 individuals (range: 15-69). High-use areas were spatiotemporally stable and associated with well-oxygenated (dissolved oxygen > 7mg/L), warm (25-33°C), and brackish (salinity 5-27) waters between 5 and 15km upriver along natural shorelines with concentrations of mangroves in both riverine nurseries. Adult female abundance, back-calculated from expected brood size (48 ± 16, range: 26-144) and stable age distribution (87 ± 30, range: 39-211), was low. Our findings of a significant declining trend in relative abundance of small juveniles and limited numbers of adult females are concerning considering ongoing threats from commercial shrimp trawl bycatch, destruction of nursery habitats, and major recent mortality events. Our model facilitates estimation of the number of individuals potentially exposed to harmful anthropogenic activities and identifies perennial high-use areas as priorities for permanent protection from habitat alterations and loss to promote recovery of the endangered smalltooth sawfish population in this unique estuarine system.

In this study, a novel silica-supported sorbent functionalized with 1,4-bis[(4-methoxybenzyl) oxy]anthracene-9,10-dione was prepared and applied for the first time for the selective adsorption and preconcentration of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from brackish aquaculture water. The sorbent was characterized by FT-IR, ¹H NMR, and SEM-EDX, while kinetic modeling revealed that the adsorption process follows a pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R² &amp;gt; 0.999), indicating chemisorption-like kinetics for the rate-controlling step. Experimental parameters (pH, sorbent dosage, contact time, and temperature) were optimized using the one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach and statistically validated via one-way ANOVA. Under optimal conditions (pH 6.0, 4 mg, 15 min), the method achieved high recoveries (96–99%), low detection limits (Pb: 1.5 µg/L; Cd: 1.6 µg/L), and excellent precision (RSD &amp;lt;2%). Matrix effect studies demonstrated the robustness and reliability of the method, showing &amp;lt;10% signal suppression and maintaining strong selectivity even in the presence of common coexisting ions (Na⁺, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Fe³⁺, Zn²⁺). The sorbent preserved more than 90% of its adsorption capacity after five reuse cycles, indicating excellent stability and reusability. DFT analysis supported experimental findings, revealing a reduced HOMO–LUMO energy gap and stronger Pb(II)–ligand interactions, confirming the sorbent’s superior affinity toward Pb(II). Green analytical assessment (Eco-Scale: 82, AGREE: 0.87, GAPI: predominantly green profile) verified the method’s environmental compatibility, highlighting its minimal solvent use, low energy demand, and short analysis time. Overall, this study presents a selective, robust, reusable, and environmentally sustainable analytical method, introducing a new silica-based sorbent that effectively integrates experimental performance and theoretical validation for trace-level determination of Pb(II) and Cd(II).

Temporal insights into electromagnetic field-tuned scaling pathways of CaCO3 and CaSO4•2H2O during reverse osmosis desalination of real brackish water

Abstract India is the third-largest seafood-producing country in the world. Shrimp aquaculture relies heavily on precise water quality monitoring to ensure optimal shrimp health and productivity. Shrimp prices have sharply declined since April 2022. In April 2022, the average price was $10.21 per kilogram. By the latest months of 2024, it has dropped to $6.76 per kilogram. Considering all these factors the research has focused on brackish water aquaculture monitoring. To demonstrate the shortcomings of traditional monitoring methods in brackish water prawn aquaculture, a study was conducted. The investigation revealed that farmers often stay up all night to maintain optimal water quality for healthy shrimp production, as ponds are sensitive to environmental factors such as temperature, pH, and humidity. Implementing an intelligent forecasting approach can address the complexity of crop monitoring issues. A hybrid intelligence mechanism can efficiently forecast and handle large volumes of streaming data. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) levels are critical indicators affecting water salinity and pollutant levels that impacts shrimp health. This study introduces a novel deep learning hybrid algorithm for real-time prediction of dissolved oxygen and quality in shrimp ponds using an IoT-based DO measurement kit. We utilize a uniform DO threshold of ≥5 ppm during the course of the study to determine healthy water conditions for shrimp development. The main objective of the model is to forecast dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in shrimp ponds, with other environmental factors as secondary objectives. The proposed model integrates CNN and Long Short-Term Memory networks to capture spatial and temporal features of DO data. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, achieving high prediction accuracy compared to traditional methods. Specifically, our CNLSTMN architecture achieved an MSE of 0.065, RMSE of 0.255, and R 2 of 0.85, significantly outperforming linear regression (MSE: 0.120, RMSE: 0.346, R 2 : 0.65), decision trees (MSE: 0.090, RMSE: 0.300, R 2 : 0.75), and random forests (MSE: 0.075, RMSE: 0.274, R 2 : 0.80). These results demonstrate the superiority of our approach. It provides immediate alerts when DO levels deviate, enhancing environmental monitoring and management practices in shrimp aquaculture. The approach achieves an accuracy of 92.5 %.

Abstract This study investigates the floristic, biological, and chorological diversity of three Ramsar wetlands in the Sebkhetes of Aurès Wetlands Complex (SAWC) Algeria: Garaet Timerganine (freshwater), Chott Tinsilt (brackish water), and Sebkhet Ezzmoul (saline water). 154 taxa were recorded during field surveys. Asteraceae, Poaceae, and Fabaceae were the most represented families. Total taxa richness, Shannon diversity index (H′) and Pielou’s equitability (E) showed relatively high values at Garaet Timerganine (S = 78, H’ = 5.07, E = 0.82) and Sebkhet Ezzmoul (S = 52, H’ = 5.38, E = 0.94), while Chott Tinsilt (S = 63, H’ = 4.43, E = 0.73) exhibited moderate diversity with strong floristic homogeneity. The flora was predominantly composed of therophytes (48%) and hemicryptophytes (37 %), reflecting adaptations to salinity variability. Chamaephytes (9%), Geophytes (3%), Nanophanerophytes, Microphanerophytes and Phanerophytes were present in meaningfully lower proportions (1%). The chorology of recorded flora was dominated by the Mediterranean set encompassing 74 taxa, which constitutes 48.07% of the total flora. Species with a wide distribution set accounted for 56 species (36.30%), while the Northern set had a notable presence with 23 species (15%). Limonium pruinosum (Plumbaginaceae) was the only Saharan species exclusively recorded in Sebkhet Ezzmoul. Using Correspondence Factor Analysis (CFA), species distribution patterns were clearly aligned along a salinity gradient. Garaet Timerganine was associated with mesophilous taxa, Chott Tinsilt with stress-tolerant brackish species, and Ezzmoul with halophytes ones. This study highlights the fact that salinity shapes floristic diversity and guides adaptive wetland management in arid regions.

Vibrio spp. are associated with widespread outbreaks linked to contaminated water and seafood. They are naturally present in aquatic habitats, including seawater, brackish water and freshwater environments. These marine environments serve as key reservoirs of antimicrobial-resistant genes, facilitating the transmission of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria to marine animals and humans through the aquatic food chain. This review investigates the prevalence, virulence characteristics, detection methods and antibiotic resistance mechanisms of pathogenic Vibrio species found in fish and aquaculture environments. The literature published between 2016 and 2025 was gathered from PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar, using keywords related to Vibrio species, aquaculture, antibiotic resistance and fish health. The rising incidence of antimicrobial-resistant Vibrio species poses a dual threat to aquaculture sustainability and public health. To reduce seafood contamination and health risks, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), there is an urgent need for improved molecular diagnostic tools, targeted intervention strategies and enhanced surveillance. There is an urgent call for advanced molecular diagnostic tools, targeted interventions and enhanced surveillance to mitigate seafood contamination and associated health risks. The findings have vital implications for veterinary medicine, underscoring veterinarians' roles in disease prevention, antimicrobial resistance monitoring and the promotion of responsible antibiotic use in aquaculture.

Insight into the influence of solid solution Mn on corrosion resistance of low carbon steel in brackish water: Experimental and theoretical investigation

Brackish water desalination is a key solution for addressing the growing demand for drinking water in areas with limited access to freshwater resources. In this experimental study, reverse osmosis (RO), nanofiltration (NF), and single-pass electrodialysis (SPED) autonomous small-scale systems were investigated for brackish water desalination based on salt removal, specific energy consumption (SEC), and thermodynamic energy efficiency. With a production capacity of 40–180 L/h at a common recovery of 30 %, RO could achieve permeate salinities <1000 mg/L at feed salinities up to 12 g/L, whereas NF and SPED were limited to 10 and 6 g/L, respectively. Under typical operation, defined here by 10 % recovery for a single NF/RO module and 50 % for a SPED system, permeate quality with salinity below 1000 mg/L could be achieved at ≤17.5 g/L for RO, and ≤ 15 g/L for NF and SPED. When operating at comparable recovery (30 %), SPED demonstrated lower SEC (0.7–1.4 Wh/L) than NF (1.8–3.2 Wh/L) and RO (2.4–3.7 Wh/L) across the investigated salinities 1–12 g/L. However, operating NF/RO at 10 % doubled the SEC due to reduced permeate production, while SPED maintained a stable SEC under 50 % recovery. For brackish water up to 12 g/L salinity, SPED showed higher energy efficiency than NF and RO when comparing experimental SEC with the minimum energy for desalination. These findings highlight the potential of SPED for low-to-moderate salinity brackish water, the suitability of NF/RO for stricter water quality, and the need for optimized recovery or hybrid processes to balance energy use and performance. • SPED and NF/RO systems were compared for brackish water desalination • Reducing the recovery of NF/RO from 30 to 10 % improved permeate quality and SEC • At 50 % recovery, SPED achieved <1 g/L permeate TDS for salinities up to 15 g/L • RO at 10 % recovery achieved <1 g/L permeate TDS for salinities up to 17.5 g/L • SPED was overall more energy efficient compared to NF/RO

Effects of dietary probiotics on nutritional quality and aquaculture of Labeo rohita under brackish water rearing system

Experimental and numerical evaluation of salinity dynamics in a drip cornfield of Northern China irrigated using different proportions of brackish water

The effects of activated brackish water and nitrogen regulation on cotton habitat

The use of brackish water associated with intercropping is an approach that can enhance the resilience of agriculture in semi-arid regions. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate irrigation with brackish water as a strategy to ensure the sustainability of forage production in isolated and intercropped systems. The study was conducted under a hot semi-arid climate in the years 2022, 2023, and 2024. Two water scenarios (rainfed and irrigated) and four production systems with forage cactus-FC (Opuntia stricta) and butterfly pea-BP (Clitória ternatea) were evaluated: FC-forage cactus, BP-butterfly pea, FC+1BP-forage cactus intercropped with one row of BP, and FC+2BP-forage cactus intercropped with two rows of BP. Butterfly pea received supplemental irrigation from February to August, while the forage cactus was irrigated during the dry season (July to December). Our results showed that the strategic management of irrigation with brackish water optimizes biomass and protein production in crops adapted to the tropical semi-arid region. The FC+1BP intercropping system (forage palm with a row of butterfly pea) proved to be the most advantageous, mainly in terms of crude protein production and water use efficiency, proving to be an alternative for forage production and food security for livestock in the tropical semi-arid region.

ABSTRACT Mineralogical and textural characterization of the natural stone in Cádiz Cathedral reveals a diverse range of carbonate lithologies with varying fabrics, porosity and decay susceptibility. The white oolitic limestone was identified as the most vulnerable material, particularly in upper structural elements such as vaults and roofs. Results confirm a significant marine influence on weathering processes, evidenced by the ubiquitous presence of halite, trona, gypsum, and nesquehonite across all lithologies and mortars. These salts drive granular disintegration, exfoliation, and crust formation. Their origin is attributed to a combination of marine spray, capillary rise, and the historical use of brackish water in mortar preparation. Analysis of pink crusts and saline efflorescences indicates complex interactions between environmental factors, atmospheric pollutants, and previous restoration materials. Mortar samples display high heterogeneity; modern interventions notably utilized Portland-type cements and historical pigments like lead white, which are often incompatible with original substrates. In the short term, the integration of microclimatic sensor networks with materials analysis will facilitate data-driven decision-making for the building’s preservation and, continued sampling will be essential to monitor salt dynamics in response to shifting temperature and humidity trends associated with climate change and the influx of tourists to the monument.

As freshwater resources become increasingly limited, exploiting brackish and marine waters for aquaculture is viewed as a promising alternative. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), although considered euryhaline, shows relatively restricted tolerance to salinity compared with other tilapia species, making it an ideal model to study adaptive responses to osmotic stress. Serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) are key modulators of stress responses through their activation of metabotropic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). In this study, we investigated the transcriptional profiles of metabotropic serotonin and dopamine receptors across the brain, intestine, and liver of Nile tilapia reared in different salinity conditions (0 ppt, 16 ppt, 30 ppt). The results showed both dopamine and serotonin metabotropic receptors were duplicated with potential neofunctionalization, contributing to osmoregulatory capacity. Nile tilapia showed altered brain drd1, htr1 and htr7 subtypes in response to salt change. Meanwhile, the drd3 subtype showed pronounced alterations in the intestine and liver under elevated salinity. Notable transcriptional alterations in htr4 subtypes were observed in both brain and liver, suggesting their potential involvement in modulating energy balance and stress adaptation. Correlation network analyses further demonstrated coordinated regulation among receptor paralogues in the brain. These findings provide potential targets, such as ligand analog additives or genetic enhancement, for future functional validation and for improving salinity tolerance in Nile tilapia culture.