Brackishwater Shrimp Ponds Research Articles

Comparative Study of Hydrobiological Parameters Between Earthen and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Brackishwater Shrimp Ponds in Ratnagiri, Maharashtra

The current study was carried out to compare the hydrobiological characteristics of a selected shrimp farm in district Ratnagiri taking pond size, stocking density and culture practices into consideration. For sampling, four earthen and four high-density polyethylene (HDPE) ponds were chosen. Most of the water parameters showed significant difference with respect to different types of ponds (earthen and HDPE) viz. temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity and net primary productivity (NPP) of both crops (p<0.05). First crop showed significant difference among all water parameters except biochemical oxygen demand (p<0.05). Second crop (January-May) showed significant difference (p<0.05) among all parameters except hardness, ammonia, nitrite, gross primary productivity (GPP) and community respiration (CR). Phytoplankton showed significant difference (p<0.05) with respect to different types of ponds for both crops and zooplankton showed significant differences (p<0.05) only during first crop. Results indicated that high-density polyethylene (HDPE) ponds have greater consistency in water quality characteristics than earthen ponds, which could contribute to enhanced shrimp growth and survival.

Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria from the Gut of Penaeus vannamei as Potential Probiotic

Background: The present objective of the study was to isolate and characterize the gut associated culturable lactic acid bacteria (beneficial bacteria) from the gut of Penaeus vannamei for their potential application as probiotic. Methods: Penaeus vannamei (host) gut associated bacterial isolates were obtained from ten commercial brackishwater shrimp ponds (n=10) located in Kanchipuram, Chengalpattu, Tiruvallur and Villupuram districts of Tamil Nâdu, during 2021-22 to test their efficiency as indigenous gut probiotic. Twenty-five shrimps from each pond, with salinity ranging from 5 to 25 ppt, were collected for isolation of beneficial bacterial isolates. Result: Thirty lactic acid bacteria were isolated and identified from the gut of 250 Penaeus vannamei, using a 16S ribosomal DNA sequence. Six isolates viz., Pediococcus pentosaceus (ON495586), Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (ON491817), Lactococcus lactis (ON479264), Enterococcus faecium (ON478992), Enterococcus hirae (ON478991) and Enterococcus durans (ON564885) having better enzyme activity were taken and further subjected to in vitro analysis. It was found that these isolates had antibacterial activity against shrimp pathogens V. campbelli, V. harveyi and V. parahaemolyticus with zone of inhibition ranging between 12.33 to 21.00 mm; showed better growth at pH 7.0; tolerated the bile salts up to 1% concentration and endured salt concentrations up to 6.0%. In addition, above isolates demonstrated excellent auto-aggregative activity (74.45 to 91.14%) and hydrophobicity (77 to 99.93%). No antagonist activities were detected among the strains, suggesting its use as the multiple cocktail probiotic. Hence, the investigated isolates could serve as potential probiotics in shrimp aquaculture production systems.

The occurrence of antibiotic resistance Vibrio isolates from brackish water shrimp ponds in the coastal area in Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam

The occurrence of antibiotic resistance Vibrio isolates from brackish water shrimp ponds in the coastal area in Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam

Phytoplankton biodiversity trends in nanobubble aerated shrimp farming at Probolinggo coast, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Takarina ND, Utomo SW, Susanti L, Rochman NT, Cahyadi D, Junaedi H, Saputra HKH, Saputra RN. 2020. Phytoplankton biodiversity trends in nanobubble aerated shrimp farming at Probolinggo coast, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 5906-5914. Phytoplankton is known as an important factor in shrimp farming and its abundance and biodiversity are varied. Nanobubble aeration is one of current aquaculture treatments used in brackish water shrimp ponds. This study aimed to investigate phytoplankton biodiversity trends in nanobubble and control ponds within 21-day observation period. The measured water quality parameters were dissolved oxygen (DO), NH4+, NO2-, pH, salinity, temperature, and water clarity. Data analysis includes calculation of abundance and biodiversity using Shannon-Wiener (H’) index and correlation using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). A total of 11 phytoplankton species from 5 divisions was recorded. The results show increasing trends in phytoplankton abundance, species, and H’. In pond with nanobubble, H’ increased from 0.322 (95%CI: 0.074-0.718) to 0.561 (95%CI: 0.208-0.916) after 21 days, while in control pond, H’ increased from 0.199 (95%CI: 0.000-0.520) to 0.326 (95%CI: 0.000-0.683). In the nanobubble pond, species showing increasing trend in abundance were Pleurosigma sp., Nitzchia sp., Anabaena sp., Oscillatoria sp., and Microcystis sp. Whereas, species showing a declining abundance trend were Chlorella sp. and Amphora sp. According to PCA, phytoplankton abundance was positively correlated with pH, water clarity, DO, NO2-, and negative correlation with salinity, temperature, and NH4+.

Optimization of protein extraction from green algae Chaetomorpha sp. by response surface methodology

Green brackish algae Chaetomorpha sp. are easily found in shrimp ponds in Mekong Delta, Vietnam. They can also be co-cultured with shrimps in brackish water shrimp ponds to increase shrimp health and yield. Chaetomorpha sp. algae contain high amount of protein from 10 to 20% w/w db, including water soluble protein and alkaline-soluble protein with over 88% total protein. Dried material were used for protein extraction by using cellulase enzyme (Crestone Conc., Genecor) and NaOH solution. In this research, we optimize the extraction condition of protein from green algae Chaetomorpha sp. by using response surface methodology (RSM). At optimal extraction conditions, dried material was used for protein extraction by using cellulase enzyme (Crestone Conc., Genecor) with the enzyme dosage of 121 UI/g db at 400C during 90 mins. After extraction, the slurry was centrifuged to separate the algae biomass residue to extract the alkaline-soluble protein. The protein extraction yield by using cellulase enzyme was 38.921 mg/g db. After that the, algae biomass residue was extracted by a 1.2% NaOH solution for 78 mins at 500C. The protein extraction yield was 68.651 mg/g db. The total protein extraction yield was 105.755 mg/g db. The extraction yield was increased 10.33% when using the response surface methodology. Concentrated algae protein can be used as a good protein source for food and feed products.

Land Use Planning for Brackish Water Shrimp Ponds in The North Coast of Tuban, Indonesia

Shrimp is a commodity that is increasingly in demand. The limited land resources implies the need of effective land use planning. The objective of this study was to assess land suitability for brackish water shrimp ponds, which then will be recommended for pond development in the north coast of Tuban, Indonesia. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) were used to obtain the weight of the different criteria consisted of soil characteristics, topographic, water quality, and infrastructure criteria. The suitable land for brackish water shrimp ponds was determined by weighted overlay in GIS. The results show that the study area contains highly suitable land for brackish water shrimp ponds. Land use and land cover map was interpreted from 2014 SPOT 5 imagery. The area recommended for brackish water shrimp pond wasdelineated by taking into account the suitability and the constraints of land use and land cover.

Adsorption of Magnesium by Bottom Soils in Inland Brackish Water Shrimp Ponds in Alabama

Low-salinity (2.0–9.0 g/L) well waters used for inland culture of marine shrimp in Alabama are imbalanced with respect to ionic composition. Inputs of potassium (muriate of potash) and potassium-magnesium sulfate (Kmag®) fertilizers are used to correct these imbalances. Potassium is lost in overflow and intentional discharge, seepage, and through adsorption by bottom soils by exchangeable and non-exchangeable processes. This study was initiated to determine if bottom soils removed magnesium in the same manner as potassium. Laboratory soil–water mesocosms revealed that soils strongly adsorbed magnesium. The rate of adsorption tended to decline over time, indicating establishment of the equilibrium. Magnesium losses for the three soils ranged from 1405 to 1713 mg/tank (average = 1568 mg/tank). The cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soils varied from 10.4 to 44.0 cmolc/kg (average = 24.6cmolc/kg). The decline in magnesium increased with higher soil CEC. In another trial, repeated exposures of soils to solutions of 40 mg Mg 2+ /L failed to saturate exchange sites, but rather maintained equilibrium with other base cations on soil adsorption sites. Dissolved sulfate resulting from additions of magnesium with magnesium sulfate heptahydrate (MgSO4·7H2O) was also monitored. Although difficulties of analysis occurred, sulfate was not adsorbed appreciably by the soils.

Formation of periphyton biofilm and subsequent biofouling on different substrates in nutrient enriched brackishwater shrimp ponds

Periphyton grown on substrates is known to improve water quality in aquaculture ponds. Five different substrates, (i) bamboo pipe (ii) plastic sheet (iii) polyvinylchloride (PVC) pipe (iv) fibrous scrubber, and, (v) ceramic tile were evaluated for the formation of biofilm in this experiment. The substrates were suspended 25 cm below the water surface. Each type of substrate was collected fortnightly to analyze the abundance and biomass of different periphytic algae and of the biofouling organism. The study was terminated after 60 days due to severe fouling by polychaete. Results showed that pond water nutrients were high on day 60 with mean total ammonia-N, nitrite-N and soluble reactive phosphorus concentrations of 309.6±8.6 μg L−1, 26.0±2.7 μg L−1 and 87.2±7.1 μg L−1 respectively. During the first two weeks the substrates were colonized by 19 periphytic algae. The most abundant family was Bacillariophyta (8 genera) followed by Chlorophyta (7 genera) and Cyanophyta (4 genera). Periphyton colonization on bamboo pipe showed the highest (p < 0.05) biomass in terms of chlorophyll a amongst all the substrates used. The biomass varied from 179 to 1137 μg m−2 with mean values of 1137.2±0.6, 929.6±0.6, 684.2±1.2, 179.1±0.6 and 657.0±0.6 μg m−2 on bamboo pipe, PVC pipe, plastic sheet, fibrous scrubber and ceramic tile respectively for the first 15 days. From 3rd week, polychaetes began to form tubes on the substrate. By day 60, the whole surface of all substrates was covered with tightly packed polychaete tubes with mean densities of 168.0±15.4, 121.0±13.5, 72.8±9.8, 72.4±7.4 and 56.0±6.8 polychaete tubes cm−2 for bamboo, PVC, plastic, fibrous scrubber and ceramic tile respectively. This study illustrated the invasive nature of attached polychaete thus hampering the formation of periphyton biofilm on substrates which could have been used for improving water quality in enriched brackishwater shrimp ponds.

Effect of Salinity on the Growth and Nitrogen Fixation Of &lt;i&gt;Azotobacter beijerinckii&lt;/i&gt;

The influence of salinity on the growth and nitrogen fixation capacity of Azotobacter beijerinckii in prawn-cum-paddy culture system is discussed in the present paper. Thirty nitrogen fixing Azotobacter strains isolated from brackishwater shrimp ponds identified into three species viz., Azotobacter chroococcum, A. vinelandii and A. beijerinckii. The study on eight strains of A. beijerinckii reveals that the salinity levels above 30-35 %o and below 5 %o, in general, result in their reduced growth. In most of the strains maximum nitrogen fixation occured at 30-35 %o. Nitrogen fixation was relatively inactive with little variations among most of the strains growing in salinity &lt;20 %o as well as &gt;50 %o. The strains of A. beijerinckii required salinity levels ranging from 30 to 35 %o for optimal growth and nitrogen fixation.

Water quality and partial mass budget in extensive shrimp ponds in Bangladesh

In a Bangladeshi–Norwegian project, water quality analyses have been conducted in some brackish water shrimp ponds stocked with Penaeus monodon in Bangladesh. The water-sampling program included five extensively improved farms in the Khulna region and four improved extensive farms in the Cox's Bazar region, annually producing 100–500 kg ha −1. In addition to water sampling, data of input of manure, fertiliser and feed; shrimp stocking density, mortality and production; and water exchange rate data were collected. Measured pH, salinity and concentrations of dissolved oxygen and gaseous ammonia were usually within acceptable ranges for shrimp farming. However, sub-lethal levels of ammonia can be present and create stressing conditions. Low salinity could also create unfavourable environmental conditions. In one Gher, frequent sampling of inlet–outlet water was carried out during one production cycle. On average, the concentrations of total phosphorus and total nitrogen were reduced by 70% and 40% through the pond (inlet–outlet), respectively. Apparently, 80–90% of the supplied nutrients in fertiliser and inlet water was trapped in the pond. Consequently, the extensive shrimp culture in Bangladesh seems to act as a sink for solids and nutrients in the water that led to the system.

Hydrology of inland brackishwater shrimp ponds in Chachoengsao, Thailand

This study focuses on a new trend in shrimp aquaculture, the development of brackishwater ponds for Penaeus monodon culture in inland freshwater areas of Thailand’s Central Plain. Water balances were calculated for ponds and reservoirs at an inland shrimp farm in Chachoengsao, Thailand, between May and July 1999. Regulated inflow and outflow were the largest water fluxes, averaging 0.94 and 0.70 cm/day. Other daily average water gains were rainfall (0.52 cm/day) and runoff (1.7 cm/day), and other water losses were evaporation (0.31 cm/day) and seepage (0.52 cm/day). Over an entire crop cycle, of average length 109 days, average water inputs were: initial pond filling (84 cm); regulated inflow (103 cm); rainfall (57 cm); and runoff (3 cm). Average outputs were: regulated outflow (76 cm); seepage (57 cm); evaporation (34 cm); and draining at harvest (87 cm). The main feature of note in the water balance is the large volume of regulated outflow. All regulated outflow and most (82%) of the pondwater drained at harvest went directly to the irrigation canal system. Such large volumes of discharge could have serious environmental implications because small inland waterways have low assimilative capacity and pond effluent is saline. Consumptive water use for 14 inland shrimp ponds and reservoirs averaged 0.83±0.14 cm/day. Consumptive water use was also measured for 11 nearby rice fields, the main land use in the regions where inland shrimp farming is proliferating. Rice paddy water use averaged 0.91±0.17 cm/day. There was no significant difference in the daily consumptive water use of shrimp ponds and rice fields, suggesting that conversion from rice farming to shrimp farming would have little net impact on water availability for irrigation.

Chemical Characteristics of Bottom Soils from Freshwater and Brackishwater Aquaculture Ponds

AbstractSoil chemical analyses were conducted on samples from 358 freshwater fish ponds and 346 brackishwater shrimp ponds. Freshwater ponds were located in Honduras, Rwanda, Bhutan, and the United States. Ponds in the United States were in Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, Florida, and South Carolina. Brackishwater ponds were in Thailand, Ecuador, Philippines, and Venezuela. Soils of freshwater and brackishwater ponds did not differ greatly in average concentrations and concentration ranges for carbon, nitrogen, calcium, and pH. Concentrations of copper and barium tended to be higher in freshwater soils than in brackishwater ones. All other measured chemical constitutents tended to be more abundant in the soils of brackishwater ponds than in those of freshwater ponds. For the most part, ranges of pond soil chemical properties were similar to those of terrestrial soils, with freshwater pond soils resembling terrestrial soils from humid areas and brackishwater soils being similar in many respects to soils of arid regions. However, some brackishwater pond soils were highly acidic, acid‐sulfate soils. Data were arranged into concentration categories (very low, low, medium, high, and very high) to facilitate comparisons of the present data set with other data on soil chemical properties for aquaculture ponds. All ponds included in the present study were used for aquaculture, showing that it is possible to rear fish and shrimp across an extremely wide range of soil chemical properties.

Liming and Fertilization of Brackishwater Shrimp Ponds

Agricultural limestone and burnt lime are applied either to the water during shrimp production or to pond bottoms between shrimp crops. However, unless the total alkalinity and total hardness of pond water is below 50 mg/L as equivalent CaC03 or the pond soils are acidic (pH < 7), liming is of little or no value. The use of burnt lime should be avoided because this material can cause high pH in water and soil. Chemical fertilizers or manures are used to fertilize brackishwater ponds. Fertilization programs for brackishwater ponds usually require more nitrogen (N) than those for freshwater ponds. Phosphorus (P) fertilization is important both in brackishwater and freshwater ponds. Because water is exchanged often in brackishwater ponds, fertilizer should be applied in small doses and at frequent intervals. Most managers of brackishwater ponds prefer a large proportion of diatoms in the phytoplankton community. An N:P application ratio of 20:l in ponds favors diatoms; in fiberglass tanks with water of low s...

Effects of water depth and artificial mixing on dynamics of Philippines brackishwater shrimp ponds

The effects of pond water depth (0·5, 1·0 and 1·5 m) and artificial circulation (with/without) on certain pond dynamic processes were evaluated in a factorial design. Deep ponds had more uniform temperatures, with less rapid temperature changes, greater whole pond respiration, and greater temperature and oxygen stratification. Artificial circulation reduced thermal and oxygen stratification. Sediment respiration, which was estimated using a new technique, was more than three times greater than plankton and shrimp respiration combined, regardless of treatment combination. Shrimp yields were not significantly different for any of the six treatment combinations.