Box Test Research Articles

Aplikasi Bimbingan Konseling Menggunakan CodeIgniter (CI)

At Padas 1 Public Junior High School, student violations were recorded by picket officers and Counseling Guidance teachers. The recording was carried out by the officer by writing it on a piece of paper form. Based on these problems, a guidance and counseling application was created using the codeigniter framework at SMPN 1 Padas based on a website. This system was created and developed using the waterfall method and the testing method using blackbox testing. The system created can add data, manage violation data, add attendance data and several other features. It is hoped that the system that has been created can help counseling teachers manage student counseling to be more efficient and effective, as well as make it easier for parents to supervise their children. The results of system testing using black box testing of the counseling guidance application system are made to get a success percentage of 100%.

Sistem Pakar Dan Layanan Konsultasi Kesehatan Mental Remaja Menggunakan Metode Forward Chaining Berbasis Website

Mental health has become an increasingly important issue in today's society. However, awareness of the importance of mental health, especially among teenagers, is still lacking. Mental health services are generally conducted in person, which causes many people to be hesitant or have difficulty accessing them. Additionally, detecting someone's mental health requires the assistance of a psychologist. To address these issues, an expert system and counseling service for adolescent mental health are developed using the forward chaining method based on a website platform. This system is developed using the waterfall method and programmed in the PHP (native PHP) programming language. The system's testing is conducted using black box testing. With the existence of this expert system, it is hoped that awareness and understanding of mental health will increase, aiding in the detection of individuals' mental health and providing easy access for them to receive the necessary assistance. The results of the system's testing using black box testing for the developed system show a success rate of 100%.

Sistem Informasi Manajemen Paud Melati Di Desa Lebak Ayu Kecamatan Sawahan Kabupaten Madiun Berbasis Web

PAUD Melati is one of the early childhood education level schools located in Lebak Ayu Village, Sawahan District, Madiun Regency. The problem with PAUD Melati is the process of collecting new student data and teaching and learning processes which are still manual, so what is considered is still not systematic and at the time of reporting and archiving documents it is still done with written document archives. Therefore, an early childhood management information system was built to facilitate school management to be more effective and efficient. The management information system was built and designed using the Waterfall method and tested using the Black Box Testing system testing method. With this PAUD management information system, it is hoped that it will be able to assist the school in carrying out the registration process to teaching and learning activities. The test results of the Web-Based Melati Early Childhood Education Management Information System get the expected results with the Black Box Testing test to get a percentage of system success of 100%.

A new portmanteau test for predictive regression models with possible embedded endogeneity

In the widely used predictive regression model, any possible serial correlation in innovations leads to estimation bias and statistical inference distortions. Hence, it is important to pretest the existence of such serial correlation. Nevertheless, in the presence of embedded endogeneity, which is a common problem in the predictive regression setting, traditional serial correlation tests such as Box–Pierce (BP) and Ljung–Box (LB) tests are found to perform poorly. Motivated by this, we develop a new portmanteau test in this article as a pretest for serial correlation in predictive regression under possible embedded endogeneity. This test is based on the sample splitting idea and the jackknife empirical likelihood method. The asymptotic distribution of the proposed test has been derived, and the Monte Carlo simulations confirm good finite sample performances. As an illustration, we apply our proposed test in pretesting the serial correlation in predictive regression, where financial variables are used to predict the excess return of S&P 500.

Company Profile Kantor Camat Talang Kelapa Kabupaten Banyuasin

A company profile website is a website that displays information about the company's background, products or services, contact information, and brief news about the company. The Talang Kelapa Sub-District Office already has a website to convey information. Still, no administrative services can be done online on the website, so the community must come directly to the Talang Kelapa sub-district office to carry out administrative services. Due to the lack of information, many people need to learn about the Service Information and Profile of the Talang Kelapa Sub-District Office. With this situation, the researcher is interested in compiling this research activity by taking the title "Company Profile of the Talang Kelapa District Office, Banyuasin Regency." It is hoped that the Information System will make it easier for people to get information about the profile of the Talang Kelapa District Office. Using the PHP programming language and MySQL database. The software development method used in this research is the prototype method. System testing will be carried out using the black box testing method.

Adults with cerebral palsy exhibit uncharacteristic cortical oscillations during an adaptive sensorimotor control task

Prior research has shown that the sensorimotor cortical oscillations are uncharacteristic in persons with cerebral palsy (CP); however, it is unknown if these altered cortical oscillations have an impact on adaptive sensorimotor control. This investigation evaluated the cortical dynamics when the motor action needs to be changed “on-the-fly”. Adults with CP and neurotypical controls completed a sensorimotor task that required either proactive or reactive control while undergoing magnetoencephalography (MEG). When compared with the controls, the adults with CP had a weaker beta (18–24 Hz) event-related desynchronization (ERD), post-movement beta rebound (PMBR, 16–20 Hz) and theta (4–6 Hz) event-related synchronization (ERS) in the sensorimotor cortices. In agreement with normative work, the controls exhibited differences in the strength of the sensorimotor gamma (66–84 Hz) ERS during proactive compared to reactive trials, but similar condition-wise changes were not seen in adults with CP. Lastly, the adults with CP who had a stronger theta ERS tended to have better hand dexterity, as indicated by the Box and Blocks Test and Purdue Pegboard Test. These results may suggest that alterations in the theta and gamma cortical oscillations play a role in the altered hand dexterity and uncharacteristic adaptive sensorimotor control noted in adults with CP.

Protective effects of rosmarinic acid against autistic-like behaviors in a mouse model of maternal separation stress: behavioral and molecular amendments.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with worldwide increasing incidence. Maternal separation (MS) stress at the beginning of life with its own neuroendocrine changes can provide the basis for development of ASD. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a phenolic compound with a protective effect in neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of RA on autistic-like behaviors in maternally separated mice focusing on its possible effects on neuroimmune response and nitrite levels in the hippocampus. In this study, 40 mice were randomly divided into five groups of control (received normal saline (1 ml/kg)) and MS that were treated with normal saline (1 ml/kg) or doses of 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg RA, respectively, for 14 days. Three-chamber sociability, shuttle box, and marble burying tests were used to investigate autistic-like behaviors. Nitrite level and gene expression of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, TLR4, and iNOS were assessed in the hippocampus. The results showed that RA significantly increased the social preference and social novelty indexes, as well as attenuated impaired passive avoidance memory and the occurrence of repetitive and obsessive behaviors in the MS mice. RA reduced the nitrite level and gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus. RA, probably via attenuation of the nitrite level as well as of the neuroimmune response in the hippocampus, mitigated autistic-like behaviors in maternally separated mice.

Penerapan Arsitektur Model View Controller dan Framework Zend dalam Pengembangan Aplikasi Category Online di PT XYZ

This research discusses the implementation of the Model View Controller (MVC) architecture and Zend Framework in developing the Category Online application at PT XYZ, a leading retail company in Indonesia. The IT team at PT XYZ faced challenges in developing applications using PHP Native, and the adoption of the Zend Framework improved development efficiency. The application handles manual changes in item status across numerous branches, which is inefficient. The study focuses on developing the Transformation Class Product (TCP) module. The research method involves five stages, from requirements analysis to implementation, using a prototype model approach. System testing, utilizing black box testing during the User Acceptance Test (UAT) phase, was successful, indicating the effectiveness of the application's core functionalities. Thus, the implementation of MVC and Zend Framework in the Category Online application at PT XYZ has proven effective in enhancing the company's operational efficiency.

Rancang Bangun Computer Based Test (CBT) Berbasis Web

Examinations are an evaluation method in the teaching and learning process in schools. Generally, exams in schools are still carried out conventionally using paper and stationery, and exam assessments are carried out directly by the teacher. However. The process of creating exam questions, duplicating questions, evaluating and filling in answers is still manual using paper and stationery, causing various obstacles such as high costs and long correction times. To solve the problem above, the researcher used the Agile system development method with the Extreme Programming model which involves four stages: planning, designing, coding and testing. The research results show the success of the CBT application that was built. The application was tested using the black box testing method. Test results show that the correction process is faster by 0.9 seconds and more accurate. Apart from that, in terms of costs, using this application is also cheaper. This shows that the CBT application has a positive impact in increasing the efficiency, accuracy and effectiveness of testing and reducing the costs of administering the exam.

Terminalia chebula attenuates restraint stress-induced memory impairment and synaptic loss in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the basolateral and central nuclei of the amygdala by inhibiting oxidative damage

Chronic restraint stress induces cognitive abnormalities through changes in synapses and oxidant levels in the amygdala and hippocampus. Given the neuroprotective effects of fruit of Terminalia chebula (Halileh) in different experimental models, the present investigation aimed to address whether Terminalia chebula is able to reduce chronic restraint stress-induced behavioral, synaptic and oxidant markers in the rat model. Thirty-two male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups as follows: control (did not receive any treatment and were not exposed to stress), stress (restraint stress for 2 h a day for 14 consecutive days), Terminalia chebula (received 200 mg/kg hydroalcoholic extract of Terminalia chebula), and stress + Terminalia chebula groups (received 200 mg/kg extract of Terminalia chebula twenty minutes before stress) (n = 8 in each group). We used the shuttle box test to assess learning and memory, Golgi-Cox staining to examine dendritic spine density in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus and the basolateral and central nuclei of the amygdala, and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) in the brain. The shuttle box test results demonstrated that Terminalia chebula treatment had a profound positive effect on memory parameters, including step-through latency (STL) and time spent in the dark room, when compared to the stress group. Daily oral treatment with Terminalia chebula effectively suppressed the loss of neural spine density in the dentate gyrus region of the hippocampus and the basolateral and central nuclei of the amygdala caused by chronic restraint stress, as demonstrated by Golgi-Cox staining. Additionally, the results indicate that Terminalia chebula significantly reduced the TOS and increased TAC in the brain compared to the stress group. In conclusion, our results suggest that Terminalia chebula improved memory impairment and synaptic loss in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the basolateral and central nuclei of the amygdala induced by restraint stress via inhibiting oxidative damage.

Phoenixin knockout mice show no impairment in fertility or differences in metabolic response to a high-fat diet, but exhibit behavioral differences in an open field test.

Phoenixin (PNX) is a conserved secreted peptide that was identified 10 years ago with numerous studies published on its pleiotropic functions. PNX is associated with estrous cycle length, protection from a high-fat diet, and reduction of anxiety behavior. However, no study had yet evaluated the impact of deleting PNX in the whole animal. We sought to evaluate a mouse model lacking the PNX parent gene, small integral membrane protein 20 (Smim20), and the resulting effect on reproduction, energy homeostasis, and anxiety. We found that the Smim20 knockout mice had normal fertility and estrous cycle lengths. Consistent with normal fertility, the hypothalamii of the knockout mice showed no changes in the levels of reproduction-related genes, but the male mice had some changes in energy homeostasis-related genes, such as melanocortin receptor 4 (Mc4r). When placed on a high-fat diet, the wildtype and knockout mice responded similarly, but the male heterozygous mice gained slightly less weight. When placed in an open field test box, the female knockout mice traveled less distance in the outer zone, indicating alterations in anxiety or locomotor behavior. In summary, the homozygous knockout of PNX did not alter fertility and modestly alters a few neuroendocrine genes in response to a high-fat diet, especially in the female mice. However, it altered the behavior of mice in an open field test. PNX therefore may not be crucial for reproductive function or weight, however, we cannot rule out possible compensatory mechanisms in the knockout model. Understanding the role of PNX in physiology may ultimately lead to an enhanced understanding of neuroendocrine mechanisms involving this enigmatic peptide.

Ηand dexterities assessment in stroke patients based on augmented reality and machine learning through a box and block test

A popular and widely suggested measure for assessing unilateral hand motor skills in stroke patients is the box and block test (BBT). Our study aimed to create an augmented reality enhanced version of the BBT (AR-BBT) and evaluate its correlation to the original BBT for stroke patients. Following G-power analysis, clinical examination, and inclusion–exclusion criteria, 31 stroke patients were included in this study. AR-BBT was developed using the Open Source Computer Vision Library (OpenCV). The MediaPipe's hand tracking library uses a palm and a hand landmark machine learning model to detect and track hands. A computer and a depth camera were employed in the clinical evaluation of AR-BBT following the principles of traditional BBT. A strong correlation was achieved between the number of blocks moved in the BBT and the AR-BBT on the hemiplegic side (Pearson correlation = 0.918) and a positive statistically significant correlation (p = 0.000008). The conventional BBT is currently the preferred assessment method. However, our approach offers an advantage, as it suggests that an AR-BBT solution could remotely monitor the assessment of a home-based rehabilitation program and provide additional hand kinematic information for hand dexterities in AR environment conditions. Furthermore, it employs minimal hardware equipment.

Nonlinear EEG Analysis During Motor and Cognitive Tasks in Patients With Long COVID: A Dynamic Systems Approach.

Introduction. Nonlinear EEG provides information about dynamic properties of the brain. This study aimed to compare nonlinear EEG parameters estimated from patients with Long COVID in different cognitive and motor tasks. Materials and Methods. This 12-month prospective cohort study included 83 patients with Long COVID: 53 symptomatic and 30 asymptomatic. Brain electrical activity was evaluated by EEG in 4 situations: (1) at rest, (2) during the Trail Making Test Part A (TMT-A), (3) during the TMT Part B (TMT-B), and (4) during a coordination task: the Box and Blocks Test (BBT). Nonlinear EEG parameters were estimated in the time domain (activity and complexity). Assessments were made at 0 to 3, 3 to 6, and 6 to 12 months after inclusion. Results. There was a decrease in activity and complexity during the TMT-A and TMT-B, and an increase of these parameters during the BBT in both groups. There was an increase in activity at rest and during the TMT-A in the COVID-19 group at 0 to 3 months compared to the control, an increase in activity in the TMT-B in the COVID-19 group at 3 to 6 months compared to the control, and reduced activity and complexity at rest and during the TMT-A at 6 to 12 months compared to the control. Conclusion. The tasks followed a pattern of increased activity and complexity in cognitive tasks, which decreased during the coordination task. It was also observed that an increase in activity at rest and during cognitive tasks in the early stages, and reduced activity and complexity at rest and during cognitive tasks in the late phases of Long COVID.

Rancang Bangun Aplikasi Penyedia Pekerjaan Lepas Trivial Menggunakan Metodologi Agile

Freelancers are individuals who perform specific tasks for a number of different organizations, rather than committing to a single one. By the mean of freelance marketplace technology, it is now easier for recruiters and freelancers to meet and discuss. However, jobs on most freelance marketplaces today are categorized, focusing on more highly-skilled jobs. Thus, jobs such as daily and trivial ones cannot be found. Therefore, this research aims to develop a freelance marketplace application to help solve the existing problem of freelance work supply demand. This application, by accommodating trivial freelance jobs, is expected to promote inclusivity by providing job opportunities for freelancers with general skill sets. This research is performed using agile methodology, consisting of requirement analysis, design, application development, and black box testing. It was obtained that the web application for admin and the mobile application for user are functioning properly and could met the users� need.

The assistive potential of functional electrical stimulation to support object manipulation in functional upper extremity movements after stroke: A randomized cross-over study

The assistive potential of functional electrical stimulation to support object manipulation in functional upper extremity movements after stroke: A randomized cross-over study

Analysis Testing Black Box and White Box on Application To-Do List Based Web

The rapid development of information technology has led to the creation of numerous web-based applications designed to assist human activities and work. One such application is the To-Do List, which helps users manage their tasks and increase productivity. This study aims to analyze the quality of web-based To-Do List applications through black box and white box testing. The research focuses on the login and main pages of the application, where various scenarios are tested to ensure that the system functions as intended. The testing process includes designing test scenarios, creating test cases, executing the test cases, and collecting and processing test result data. The study also includes an analysis of the program's source code using flowcharts and flowgraphs to identify the number of independent logic execution paths and design test cases for white box testing. The results of the testing will help identify errors and weaknesses in the application, ensuring that the final product is of high quality.

Optimization of White Box Testing by Utilizing Branching and Repeating Structures in Java Programs Using Base Path

Software testing is a process created to detect anomalies in the operation of a program or system in order to achieve the expected results. White box testing is a software testing method that tests the internal structure, design and program code. This research aims to produce an optimization method for white box testing in Java programs by utilizing branching and repetition structures using the basis path method, as well as analyzing the effectiveness of the proposed method in generating test cases. The Java program tested in this research includes input function calls, loops, branching, and exception handling. Test case design is carried out by applying the basis path method to achieve comprehensive coverage. The test results show that the base path method is able to produce effective test cases for testing control structures without redundancy. Test case design is assisted by flowgraph and matrix graph modeling. It is hoped that this research can contribute to the optimization of white box testing techniques.

Black Box Testing on Website-Based Guestbook Registration Applications

In the rapidly developing digital era, website-based applications have become an important means of meeting the needs of various uses. One application that has received attention is the guest book registration application, which aims to record and manage guest information efficiently. In this context, application testing becomes crucial to ensure service quality, security and availability. This research focuses on black box testing, a software testing method that emphasizes the functionality and reliability of applications from the user's perspective. Testing covers key aspects such as data input, and key functionality. Through this approach, it is hoped that the research results can contribute to the development of a website-based guestbook registration application that is more reliable and suits user needs.

Chapter 3: Setting the Hearing Aid Response and Verifying Signal Processing and Features in the Test Box.

The test box can be used for fitting hearing aids (verifying audibility for the individual), for setting and fine-tuning specific signal processing (e.g., directional microphones, noise reduction, frequency lowering, telecoil responses), and for setting the response for specific accessories (e.g., remote microphones). If you have selected these features for your patient, it is important to make sure they are working properly and turned on. In addition, these tests can help you address specific patient complaints. Let us start by using the test box to pre-set a hearing aid and then we will move on to speech tests of signal processing and features.

Chapter 2: My Hearing Aid Isn't Working Like It Used to…

AbstractThis chapter will take you through specific patient complaints and the test box measures you can use to address these complaints. These measurements give you data that aid in your decision making about what is wrong, if anything, with the hearing aid and how you might address the problem. Before we discuss specific patient complaints and problems, let us review the American National Standard Institute (ANSI) guidelines for hearing aid testing in a test box.