Culverts Research Articles

Kajian Kemampuan Bangunan Hikmat Menjaga Keamanan Insfrastruktur Kereta Api dari Bahaya Banjir

In an effort to improve accessibility between regions and economic equality, the government has built many transportation supporting infrastructure such as toll roads, ports and railways. The construction of road and rail-based transportation lines will have an impact on the environment, especially transportation routes that cut through watersheds. The cutting of the watershed by the infrastructure of transportation facilities causes changes in the flow pattern of rainwater falling in the catchment area resulting in flooding. On the railway-based transportation line, to drain flood discharge, the Hikmat Building (BH) was built. The Wisdom Building is a building that cuts a railway track similar to a bridge or culvert, so that water can flow under the railway track. As a flood control building, wisdom building must be able to drain flood discharge that occurs both from upstream and from the halir of a watershed. The flood discharge that must be served by the wisdom building consists of three sources, first from the water discharge of the railway line drainage channel and second from the Catchment Area (DTA) / Catchment Area, and third the flow of water due to overflowing water discharge from the nearest river downstream of the Catchment Area. The calculation of the flood discharge of the Lematang Hilir Sub watershed with a 25-year anniversary of 131.94 m3 / s, while the installed wisdom building is only able to drain 78.74 m3 / s. For this reason, it is necessary to build a new wisdom building in the form of a box culvert with dimensions of 1.5 x 1.5 m as many as 10 units with a total drainage capacity of 77.10 m3 / s. The analysis only considered the ability of the Lematang River to receive flood discharge from upstream under normal conditions.

Analisis Simple Cell, Twin Cell, dan Tripple Cell Box Culvert Menggunakan Software Ansys

Box culverts are part of a low-rise structure used to convey water in appropriate channels at railroad crossings, flyovers, roads and bridges. The use of box culverts is according to their function, the amount of damage to box culverts is wrong because the functions and loads that can hold the box culverts are also not taken into account. Any force given to the load affects the behavior of the structure contained in the box culvert. IRC is a loading determination that will be given to the box culvert to see the worst structural behavior that occurs. 2D and 3D modeling was carried out using SAP2000 and Ansys Workbench software with the dimensions of the box culvert model measuring 1000 x 1000 x 160 mm and 3 types, namely single box culvert, double box culvert and triple box culvert. The loading on the box culvert is in the form of a divided and evenly distributed load with a loading value in accordance with the provisions of IRC Class A. The box culvert modeling has a quality of 35 MPa and is designed with several types of loading placement on a single box culvert, double box culvert and triple box culvert structure. culvert with an evenly distributed load of 0.205 mm at maximum loading and a maximum moment of 41.988 KN, under maximum loading conditions planned support reinforcement 17D16-250 and 5D16-250 and stirrups D13-250.

Effect of Trench Geometry on the Behavior of Negative Projecting Box Culverts

Effect of Trench Geometry on the Behavior of Negative Projecting Box Culverts

Study of Characteristics and Management of Drainage Problems in Ubud District

Ubud District is one of the tourism areas in Bali which is growing very rapidly. Ubud District has problems related to inundation and flooding which often occur during the rainy season. The drainage canals cannot accommodate the peak flood discharge. Because the capacity of the channel is insufficient, besides the influence of sediment and garbage, water overflows through the freeboard of the channel. This study aims to determine the characteristics of inundation and drainage in Ubud District. Primary and secondary data are used in this study which will then be used in data analysis. The analytical method used are field survey, identification of inundation and flood locations, inventory of existing drainage system, hydrology and hydraulics analysis, and drainage network planning. The result is 27 inundation locations were found in Ubud District. The inundation locations included 5 points in Lodtunduh Village, 3 points in Mas Village, 2 points in Peliatan Village, 5 points in Petulu Village, 2 points in Sayan Village, and 10 points in Ubud Village. The duration of the inundation that occurs is a minimum of 15 minutes and a maximum of 360 minutes. The height of the inundation that occurs is 12 – 50 cm with an inundation area of 0.032 – 4.67 ha and an inundation length of 12 – 2.309 m. The frequency of inundation is 3 to 10 times per year. Parameters for determining priority for drainage management based on priority scale are determined based on the characteristic parameters of inundation, economic losses, social disturbances and government facilities, transportation disturbances, and losses in residential areas. The recommendations given include normalizing the existing canal with river stone pairs of the required size that are more adequate to accommodate water discharge, especially during rains; making diversion channel with precast box culvert with the required size; and construction of new channels equipped with inlet drains per segment as entry points for inundation on the roads into the drainage channels.

Untangling microbiota diversity and assembly patterns in the world's longest underground culvert water diversion canal.

The long-distance underground box culvert water transport system (LUBWT) is a crucial link between the source of drinking water and the consumers. It must ensure the stability of water quality during transportation. However, uncontrollable microbial growth can develop in the water delivery system during the long delivery process, posing a risk to health and safety. Therefore, we applied 16s and 18s gene sequence analysis in order to study microbial communities in box culvert waters sampled in 2021, as well as a molecular ecological network-based approach to decipher microbial interactions and stability. Our findings revealed that, in contrast to natural freshwater ecosystems, micro-eukaryotes in LUBWT have complex interactions such as predation, parasitism, and symbiosis due to their semi-enclosed box culvert environment. Total nitrogen may be the primary factor affecting bacterial community interactions in addition to temperature. Moreover, employing stability indicators such as robustness and vulnerability, we also found that microbial stability varied significantly from season to season, with summer having the higher stability of microbial communities. Not only that but also the stability of the micronuclei also varied greatly during water transport, which might also be related to the complex interactions among the micro-eukaryotes. To summarize, our study reveals the microbial interactions and stability in LUBWT, providing essential ecological knowledge to ensure the safety of LUBWT's water quality.

Application of MJS Construction Method in Reinforcement Construction of Existing Box Culverts Under Comprehensive Pipe Gallery

Application of MJS Construction Method in Reinforcement Construction of Existing Box Culverts Under Comprehensive Pipe Gallery

Comparison of 2D and 3D Finite Element Analysis of RC Blocks Culvert Based on Soil-Structure Interaction Using GTS

This paper presents a comparison of soil-structure interaction based on 2D and 3D finite element analyses of ‘Reinforced Concrete Box Culvert’ by using the software GTS (Geotechnical and Tunnel Analysis System). For buried Structures like Box Culvert, the soil below the structure is to be simulated by elastic spring while surrounding and overlying soil by superimposed load combinations. GTS is the most advanced software, presenting a new paradigm for Box Culvert and other specific geotechnical structures. It is based on expert analysis and advanced graphic technologies. GTS enables engineers to intuitively generate complex geotechnical models. Such modeling capabilities are armed with strong analytic features, powered by a uniquely developed multi-frontal solver with the fastest analysis speed. The difference in values of forces and moments, between 3D FEA and 2D FEA, has been found to be more in large sections (10ft x 10ft) than in small sections (5ft x 5ft) of Box Culverts.

ANALISIS PERENCANAAN PERSEDIAAN BAHAN BAKU PADA PT. PESONA ARNOS BETON DI KEDAMEAN, GRESIK

This study aims to evaluate the planning of material requirements at PT Pesona Arnos Beton which is located at Jl. Raya Kedamean, Banyuurip Village, Kedamean District, Gresik Regency. The company is engaged in the manufacturing industry of concrete and paving products. Examples of goods produced are Paving, Kanstin, TU, U-ditch, and Box Culvert. Continuous Review System (Q system) is an alternative solution to overcome the problems that exist at PT Pesona Arnos Beton. Data collection methods such as material demand and inventory data are carried out using interview techniques and direct observation. Forecasting is done to forecast the need for raw materials in the next period using Minitab software with the Single Exponential Smoothing and Moving Average methods. Then the calculation is carried out on the data that has been obtained using the Continuous Review System method (Q system) which results in an effective material requirement planning arrangement for the future. PT Pesona Arnos Beton using Minitab 20 software is carried out with the Moving Average and Single Exponential Smoothing forecasting methods. produces the smallest MAPE, MAD, and MSD values are with Single Exponential Smoothing which from the forecasting results obtained the total demand for raw materials for paving and concrete products. The calculation results show that the Q system (continuous review system) produces a minimum total cost. the total inventory cost of cement raw materials is more efficient Rp. 108,039,529, stone ash raw materials save Rp.447,747,948, lumajang sand raw materials save Rp.220,346,921, coral saves Rp.66,527,830, iron 6 saves Rp.21,338,002, and iron 8 saves Rp.29,672,213.

Meshless Analysis of a box culvert resting on Modified Vlasov Foundation

Meshless Analysis of a box culvert resting on Modified Vlasov Foundation

A Research Paper on Manual Design and Modelling of Box Culvert

Abstract: Box culverts are the structures which are used when the path of water in the natural stream crosses roads, railway lines, flyovers etc. They are normally cheaper than bridges, which make them the natural stream passes through channels. In this work, the review of various authors and their views in the design and analysis of box culvert with software approach and comparison between software and manual approach has shown. The IS standard requirements in the design manual for roads and bridges (IRC-6-2000, IS 21-2000) is used in the structural designing of concrete box culverts. In this paper study about the different classes of IRC loadings and their effect on without and with cushioning conditions imposed on box culvert. The pressure cases are then checked for both with cushioning and without cushioning loading cases. The structure designing includes the considerations of pressure cases (Box empty, Full, surcharge load) and factors such as Impact load, Braking force, Dispersal of load through fill, Effective width, Coefficients of earth pressure, Live load etc. The structural elements are designed to withstand the maximum bending moments and shear forces respectively. In the present study, this paper provides full discussion on the provisions in the codes, considerations and justifications of all the above aspects of design.

A jacking force study based on interpretation of box jacking records: A case study of curved rectangular box jacking in soft soil in Saitama, Japan

Box-jacking as a tunnelling method has gained popularity in recent years for locating underground utilities and infrastructure. Nevertheless, the employment of this technique still poses challenges, particularly in predicting the jacking force of long drives. Accurate prediction of jacking force is highly desirable for anomaly detection, avoiding thrust overload limits, and protecting the box culverts and launch shafts from damage. However, such a prediction entails accounting for numerous factors, including site geology, lubricated overcut, work stoppages, deviations in alignment, and the driving style of the tunnel boring machine. In this paper, technical details of a Japan box-jacking project totalling over 220 m in length are discussed, with a focus on elucidating the relationship between tunnelling parameters and jacking force. Then, calculating approaches for forecasting jacking force during curved box-jacking are introduced. The modified Box-soil-lubricant contact model based on the analysis of tunnelling parameters is adopted for this purpose which can improve the accuracy of forecasts. Forecasts determined by the proposed approach are appraised through comparisons to predictions obtained using the PBK method currently utilized in industry. The results show that the proposed approach provides better forecasts of the monitored field data and highlight the significance of interpreting field data as a valuable tool for assimilating the experience with box-jacking in various ground conditions.

Study on the Hydraulic Characteristics of an Eccentric Tapering Outlet Pressure Box Culvert in a Pumping Station

The outlet pressure box culvert is often used as the drainage building of a pumping station. Because of its compact structure, it produces transverse flow velocity and then forms poor flow patterns, such as bias flow, reflux, and flow separation, which affect the discharge efficiency of the pumping station. Based on the combination of a physical model test and numerical simulation, the hydraulic characteristics of an eccentric tapering outlet pressure box culvert were analyzed. Focusing on the poor flow pattern in the box culvert, different optimization schemes were proposed to adjust the flow pattern. The flow pattern, transverse velocity distribution ratio (which represents the proportion of transverse velocity in velocity), average angle of the axial velocity, axial velocity uniformity, and pressure distribution of each scheme were compared to obtain the best scheme. The results show that the combination scheme of “diversion pier position and angle with deflecting flow baseplate” has the best optimization effect on the flow pattern. This scheme can effectively improve the bad flow pattern, significantly reduce the transverse velocity distribution ratio, and make the pressure distribution on both sides of the long diversion pier uniform. The axial velocity uniformity was increased by 17.45%, and the average angle of the axial velocity was increased by 8.23°.

Xanthan gum biopolymer-based soil treatment as a construction material to mitigate internal erosion of earthen embankment: A field-scale

Biopolymers, which are naturally produced polymers, exhibit hydraulic and mechanical properties, and have low environmental impact. Therefore, they can be employed as an alternative to conventional civil engineering materials for internal erosion prevention. However, the internal erosion behavior of biopolymer-treated soils in a full-scale embankment is yet to be thoroughly investigated. This study focused on the potential of using xanthan gum biopolymer for internal erosion control in earthen embankments. To this end, both laboratory and full-scale investigations were conducted for analyzing its influence on the prevention of internal erosion. The laboratory tests showed that a 1% xanthan gum treatment demonstrated optimal characteristics for embankment building with enhanced soils’ plasticity and mechanical strength. Full-scale embankments were constructed using both untreated and 1% xanthan gum treated earthen materials with simulated internal erosion beneath the box culvert to test the effect of xanthan gum on mitigating internal erosion. The results revealed that xanthan gum successfully minimized the expansion of internal erosion through particle bonding, enhanced apparent cohesion, and pore-clogging. The untreated embankment eroded rapidly via seepage flow and collapsed within 1,500 s, while the 1%-XG-treated embankment retained its structure without considerable erosion until 2,500 s. Thus, xanthan gum is an environmentally friendly construction material that can achieve sufficient embankment stability with a small weight ratio (1% of total soil).

Numerical Model for Rectangular Pedestrian Underpass Excavations with Pipe-Roof Preconstruction Method: A Case Study

Under weak geological conditions, soil deformation and surface settlement are the key factors affecting the success of shallow-buried rectangular excavation. To investigate this issue, an underpass of Zhongxiao East Road in Taipei City was used as a case study. The surface settlement and lateral deformation of an underground diaphragm wall caused by the excavation of a rectangular pedestrian underpass using the pipe-roof preconstruction method (PPM) were investigated by 3D finite element analysis. The numerical analysis results showed that the constructed numerical analysis model had considerable accuracy. The use of PPM combined with a box culvert structure to form a pedestrian underpass could effectively control the surface displacement above the box culvert. Under the condition of the same sectional area, the smaller the width of the pipe-roof structure, the more the impact on the ground surface was reduced. The maximum positive bending moment and maximum negative bending moment on the pipe roof produced by excavation at each stage were roughly inversely related to the height per the width of the cross-section of the pipe diaphragm structure. The results showed that the pipe-roof structure was suitable for underground excavation with shallow-buried depth in the soft soil of the Taipei Basin. Moreover, the shallow-buried box culvert was more sensitive to the subsidence caused by construction than the deep-buried box culvert.

ANALISIS PEMASANGAN BOX CULVERT (2 m x 1.5 m) SEBAGAI SALURAN PENYEIMBANG DI KM 54+490 SAMPAI DENGAN KM 55+070

Train is one of the land transportation infrastructure that have an important role in distributing things and passengers. However, currently there are still some obstacles in the operation of the railway, mainly caused by natural disasters. In general, the National DisasterManagement Agency (BNPB) noted that 95% of disasters that occurred in Indonesia were dominated by hydrometeorological disasters, one of which was flooding.In February 2021, there was a flood on the railway line, precisely between Lemahabang -Kedunggedeh Station, DAOP 1 Jakarta on the rail line KM54+490 to KM 55+070 which caused the body of the upstream and downstream rail lines collapse, resulting in the cessation of the train operations.Therefore, a total of 31 box culverts will be planned to drain the 5-year flood discharge and become a balancing channel for the railroad if the flood phenomenon occurs again

Stochastic analysis of excavation-induced wall deflection and box culvert settlement considering spatial variability of soil stiffness

In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) finite element modelling (FEM) analysis is carried out to investigate the effects of soil spatial variability on the response of retaining walls and an adjacent box culvert due to a braced excavation. The spatial variability of soil stiffness is modelled using a variogram and calibrated by high-quality experimental data. Multiple random field samples (RFSs) of soil stiffness are generated using geostatistical analysis and mapped onto a finite element mesh for stochastic analysis of excavation-induced structural responses by Monte Carlo simulation. It is found that the spatial variability of soil stiffness can be described by an exponential variogram, and the associated vertical correlation length is varied from 1.3 m to 1.6 m. It also reveals that the spatial variability of soil stiffness has a significant effect on the variations of retaining wall deflections and box culvert settlements. The ignorance of spatial variability in 3D FEM can result in an underestimation of lateral wall deflections and culvert settlements. Thus, the stochastic structural responses obtained from the 3D analysis could serve as an effective aid for probabilistic design and analysis of excavations.

Influence of Haunch Geometry and Additional Steel Reinforcement on Load Carrying Capacity of Reinforced Concrete Box Culvert

The culverts are used to safely convey water under railways, highways, and overpasses. They are utilized in drainage areas or water channels and in areas where the bearing capacity of soil is low. The design and construction of this crucial infrastructure need to be improved to meet contemporary demands of reliability and affordability. Precast reinforced box culverts are popular alternatives as they ensure strength, durability, rigidity, and economy. This research seeks to develop an effective and affordable design improvement procedure for a precast box culvert using modern numerical tools. The Finite Element Method (FEM) based approach is used in studying the effects of haunch geometry and additional steel reinforcement on the load-bearing capacity of box culverts. A conventional box culvert is analyzed to create the numerical models in the Abaqus FEM code and to investigate the load-bearing capacity of culverts with an expanded span. The outcomes of the study reveal the critical places for stress concentration as well as the location of maximum damage. It is found that haunch geometry and additional reinforcement at these critical places significantly affect the load-carrying capacity of a culvert. From the comparison of capacity curves of models with and without haunches and diagonal reinforcement, it is found that a 25% increase in load-carrying capacity is achievable with the recommended changes. The proposed design improvement technique can be employed for the cost-effective and safe design of a concrete box culvert with larger span lengths and high water-flowing capacities. The findings of this study are expected to assist practitioners in strength enhancement tasks of box culverts for increased structural stability and drainage efficiency.

Safety assessment for buried drainage box culvert under influence of underground connected aisle blasting: A case study

Safety assessment for buried drainage box culvert under influence of underground connected aisle blasting: A case study

Application of s-version finite element method to phase field modeling for localized fractures

Since phase field fracture model is computationally demanding, its application is mostly limited to relatively simple and small-scale specimens or structural components. The main objective of this paper is to extend the application of the phase field fracture model to practical engineering structures with strong global–local properties. A computationally and operationally feasible coupling-type global–local phase field method is proposed, in which the phase field model is resolved by fine mesh on a local scale, while a far coarser mesh is adopted to discretize the global region. The numerical solution by the s-version method is formulated to couple the partly overlapping global and local regions with different finite element discretization. The accuracy and efficiency of the s-version method-based phase field fracture model are investigated through several representative numerical examples. The application of the proposed method to a large structure is demonstrated by an example, where the fire-induced spalling process taking place in a shallow-buried box culvert is resolved by the s-version method-based phase field model.

Deformation Analysis of the Cable Reinforcement System of Large Section Box Culvert Roof Entry and Downward Penetration

For the underpass railway large-section box culvert jacking and pipe jacking project, the key to ensuring the normal operation of the existing railway is to maintain the smoothness and stability of the track, railway settlement monitoring and line reinforcement, and box culvert and pipe culvert attitude control are the keys to solving this problem. Taking the Beijing-Harbin high-speed railway project under a city road in Beijing as an example, the law of railway track settlement during the implementation of box culvert jacking was analyzed according to real-time monitoring data. The monitoring results show that accelerating the pouring of the bedding and grouting and strengthening the railway subgrade on both sides of the foundation pit can effectively control the settlement of the railway subgrade and reduce the impact of subsequent construction on the railway, and the line renovation and secondary grouting reinforcement can effectively improve the smoothness of the railway. Combined with the comparative analysis of numerical simulation results, the necessity of line refurbishment and rail fastening combination reinforcement in actual construction is verified.