Bovis Purified Protein Derivative Research Articles

Effective, nonsensitizing vaccination with culture filtrate proteins against virulent Mycobacterium bovis infections in mice.

Vaccination of mice with Mycobacterium bovis culture filtrate proteins (CFP), prepared in a variety of adjuvants (aluminum hydroxide, Quil-A, and dimethyldioctyldecyl ammonium bromide [DDA]), provided significant protection against an aerosol challenge of virulent M. bovis. Additionally, vaccination with CFP in DDA or Quil-A did not sensitize mice to M. bovis purified protein derivative.

Evaluation of lymphocyte stimulation tests for diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in elk (Cervus elaphus)

SUMMARY Lymphocyte stimulation tests (lst), performed using 6 antigen preparations, were compared individually and in pairs. The tests were performed on 433 blood samples collected from elk in Mycobacterium bovis-infected herds. These elk were killed as part of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada's bovine tuberculosis eradication policy, and mycobacterial culture results were obtained from tissues of each animal. The lst, which had the highest total sum of sensitivity and specificity, was a comparative test that used M bovis purified protein derivative (ppd) and M paratuberculosis (johnin) ppd. This test had a sensitivity of 76%, with confidence limits (cl) of 63 to 85% for this estimate, and specificity of 77% (cl, 72 to 81%). The lst, using only M bovis ppd antigen, had a sensitivity of 70% (cl, 57 to 80%) and specificity of 74% (cl, 69 to 79%); when it was compared with culture results, using the kappa statistic, agreement was only 32%. This indicated that the lst identified different elk than did M bovis isolation tests.

Spontaneous murine thymocyte comitogenic activity consistent with interleukin-1 in cattle naturally infected with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis

The production of comitogenic activity consistent with interleukin-1 (IL-1) activity by blood monocytes from cattle with naturally acquired paratuberculosis was examined by murine thymocyte proliferation. In addition, IL-1-like activity in response to homologous and heterologous antigens was determined. Activity was determined in nine cattle naturally infected with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and six non-infected cattle. Comitogenic properties were measured in response to M. paratuberculosis antigen (johnin), Mycobacterium bovis purified protein derivative (PPD), keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a positive control, and culture media as a negative control. Monocytes from infected cattle spontaneously released high levels of IL-1-like activity in the absence of stimuli and significantly ( P<0.05) increased activity in response to LPS. With johnin, M. bovis PPD and KLH stimulation, comitogenic activity was similar to spontaneous levels. Non-infected cattle had significantly ( P<0.05) increased comitogenic activity when blood monocytes were stimulated with KLH, M. bovis PPD, johnin, and lipopolysaccharide when compared with non-stimulated cells in that group. Johnin produced the greatest response in non-infected animals. The data suggest that blood monocytes in infected cattle are non-specifically activated with respect to IL-1 production. Alternatively, a defective regulatory mechanism for IL-1 may be operative in infected cattle. In addition, the previous observation that mycobacterial antigens are potent inducers of IL-1 was also verified.

Specificity of purified protein derivative extracts from cultures of mycobacteria killed by phenol

Purified protein derivative (PPD) extracts were prepared from Mycobacterium bovis, M tuberculosis, M kansasii, M marinum, M avium, M intracellulare, M gordonae and M fortuitum. The cultures were killed with phenol before extraction and were not subjected to heat. They were tested in guinea pigs sensitised with killed cultures of homologous or heterologous species of mycobacteria. The most specific extract was from M fortuitum. M bovis and M tuberculosis were closely related, with M bovis PPD the more specific of the two. A close relationship was shown between M scrofulaceum, M avium and M intracellulare.

Regulation of mitogen- and antigen-stimulated lymphocyte blastogenesis by prostaglandins

Exogenously added prostaglandin E1 or E2 inhibited the blastogenic response of Mycobacterium bovis-sensitized bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, or M. bovis purified protein derivative as measured by [3H]thymidine uptake. The kinetics of the response showed that prostaglandins must be added to lymphocyte cultures within hours after mitogen or antigen addition to achieve maximum suppression of [3H]thymidine uptake. Addition of prostaglandins 24 h after the addition of mitogens or antigens resulted in considerably less suppression, supporting a hypothesis that prostaglandins initiate an early series of events which ultimately control lymphocyte blastogenesis rather than directly inhibit deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis.

Enhancement of lymphocyte blastogenic and delayed hypersensitivity skin responses by indomethacin

Incubation of Mycobacterium bovis-sensitized bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes with concanavalin A or M. bovis purified protein derivative and indomethacin caused a consistent, statistically significant increase in [3H] thymidine uptake as compared to cultures without indomethacin. The kinetics of the response showed that indomethacin must be added to lymphocyte cultures within hours after mitogen or antigen addition for enhancement of [3H]thymidine uptake to occur. Lymphocyte blastogenic responses to purified protein derivative were enhanced in both normal and M. bovis-sensitized lymphocyte cultures. However, enhancement of sensitized lymphocyte responses was significantly (P less than 0.01) greater than that in normal animals. Additionally, indomethacin treatment of M. bovis-sensitized guinea pigs singnificantly augmented delayed skin reactions to tuberculin. Delayed hypersensitive skin reactions were only enhanced when indomethacin was administered simultaneously with tuberculin.