Province Boundaries Research Articles

Adaptive Traffic Management Model for Signalised Intersections

As population increases, one of the factors affecting life is traffic. Efficient traffic management has a direct positive impact on issues such as time, carbon dioxide emissions, and fuel consumption. Today, an important parameter under the heading of traffic is the signalling systems for intersections, which are operated with fixed-time, semi-actuated, fully actuated, and fully adaptive control methods. In this study, an adaptive traffic management model is developed for signalised intersections. The adaptive traffic management model developed includes phase extension with minimum and maximum time intervals dependent on density and phase skip features. Additionally, the most distinctive feature of the model is its flexible phase structure rather than a sequential phase. The Heybe intersection, located within the boundaries of Antalya province, is modelled one-to-one in the simulation of urban mobility (SUMO) simulation programme with real intersection data. The developed adaptive traffic management model is applied to the Heybe intersection, and the effects of the model are revealed. Improvements obtained from the SUMO simulation programme were verified through visual inspection, and high-accuracy results were determined. As a result of the studies, it was found that the application of the adaptive traffic management model developed at Heybe intersection, which has approximately 50,000 vehicles passing daily, resulted in a 27.2 % improvement in the average delay per vehicle parameter, a 32.4 % improvement in the average waiting time per vehicle parameter, and a 16.7 % improvement in the average speed per vehicle parameter.

Utilizing Qual2Kw software to calculate the pollution load capacity of Ciliwung River Segment IV (Depok City)

Situated in the administrative boundaries of West Java Province and DKI Jakarta Province, the Ciliwung River is a national river. Its river length is about 120 km, and its watershed area is about 425 km³ (DAS). The population of Depok City is growing at a pace of 1.79% annually, which leads to a rise in the demand for food, clothing, and housing, among other necessities. As a result of the growth of various industrial and community residential buildings to accommodate human needs, wastewater discharge into rivers will increase and the amount of pollution entering the Ciliwung River may surpass its carrying capacity if efforts are not made to control water pollution. As a result, research must be done to ascertain Segment IV Depok City's Ciliwung River Pollutant Load Capacity utilizing a simulation model and Qual2Kw software. Primary data samples of the Ciliwung River's water and pollution sources that enter it were collected for this study, in addition to firsthand field observations. Data calibration is carried out after entering hydraulic and quality data into worksheets. In order to ensure that river flow data still satisfies class II river water quality standards, modeling is done utilizing the following sources: (1) existing data; (2) upstream data of class II river water quality standards; and (3) current conditions of river flow and trial & error pollutant source data. The findings indicated that the Ciliwung River section IV, Depok City, has a somewhat contaminated water quality. Pollutant loads for TSS and COD criteria can still be accommodated in Ciliwung River section IV, Depok City. In the meantime, the BOD criteria for carrying pollutant loads has been surpassed; therefore, to meet class II water quality regulations, the BOD pollutant load needs to be reduced by 22.58% to 37.50%.

Geologic Provinces Beneath the Greenland Ice Sheet Constrained by Geophysical Data Synthesis

AbstractPresent understanding of Greenland's subglacial geology is derived mostly from interpolation of geologic mapping of its ice‐free margins and unconstrained by geophysical data. Here we refine the extent of its geologic provinces by synthesizing geophysical constraints on subglacial geology from seismic, gravity, magnetic and topographic data. North of 72°N, no province clearly extends across the whole island, leaving three distinct subglacial regions yet to be reconciled with margin geology. Geophysically coherent anomalies and apparent province boundaries are adjacent to the onset of faster ice flow at both Petermann Glacier and the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream. Separately, based on their subaerial expression, dozens of unusually long, straight and sub‐parallel subglacial valleys cross Greenland's interior and are not yet resolved by current syntheses of its subglacial topography.

Evidence for Ultra-Low Velocity Zone Genesis in Downwelling Subducted Slabs at the Core–Mantle Boundary

Abstract We investigate broadband SPdKS waveforms from earthquakes occurring beneath Myanmar. These paths sample the core–mantle boundary beneath northwestern China. Waveform modeling shows that two ∼250 × 250 km wide ultra-low velocity zones (ULVZs) with a thickness of roughly 10 km exist in the region. The ULVZ models fitting these data have large S-wave velocity drops of 55% but relatively small 14% P-wave velocity reductions. This is almost a 4:1 S- to P-wave velocity ratio and is suggestive of a partial melt origin. These ULVZs exist in a region of the Circum-Pacific with a long history of subduction and far from large low-velocity province (LLVP) boundaries where ULVZs are more commonly observed. It is possible that these ULVZs are generated by partial melting of mid-ocean ridge basalt.

Lithospheric Structure and Melting Processes in Southeast Australia: New Constraints From Joint Probabilistic Inversions of 3D Magnetotelluric and Seismic Data

AbstractThe thermochemical structure of the lithosphere controls melting mechanisms in the mantle, as well as the location of volcanism and ore deposits. Obtaining reliable images of the lithosphere structure, and its complex interactions with the asthenosphere, requires the joint inversion of multiple data sets and their associated uncertainties. In particular, the combination of seismic velocity and electrical conductivity, along with proxies for bulk composition and elusive minor phases, represents a crucial step toward fully understanding large‐scale lithospheric structure and melting processes. We apply a novel probabilistic approach for joint inversions of 3D magnetotelluric and seismic data to image the lithosphere beneath southeast Australia. The results show a highly heterogeneous lithosphere with deep conductivity anomalies that correlate with the location of Cenozoic volcanism. In regions where the conductivities have been at odds with sub‐lithospheric temperatures and seismic velocities, we observe that the joint inversion provides conductivity values consistent with other observations. The results reveal a strong relationship between metasomatized regions in the mantle and (a) boundaries of geological provinces, elucidating the subduction‐accretion process in the region; (b) distribution of leucitite and basaltic magmatism; (c) independent geochemical data, and (d) a series of lithospheric steps which constitute areas prone to generating small‐scale instabilities in the asthenosphere. This scenario suggests that shear‐driven upwelling and edge‐driven convection are the primary mechanisms for melting in eastern Australia, contrary to the conventional notion of mantle plume activity. Our study presents an integrated lithospheric model for southeastern Australia and provides valuable insight into the mechanisms driving surface geological processes.

Control study of Musca domestica (Diptera, Muscidae) in Misan Province.

Houseflies are the most common type of Diptera, specifically Muscidae, worldwide, representing more than 90% of all species. This family has over 170 genera and 4200 species, but a few are of medical significance. This study aimed to estimate and assessing the measures to control and prevent grow-up inside houses and flying of the housefly ( Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758) in Misan. The study occurred over 12 months, from December 2020 to December 2021. Using plastic containers, Musca domestica were collected from all potential breeding sites in the study region (inside and around houses). Sticky oil paper and traps were used to collect the insects. The collected insects were transferred to sealed plastic containers and then to the laboratory of the Department of Microbiology.Out of 200 randomly selected houses, 150 (75%) contained insects. Light traps and sticky oil papers were the most effective control measures, with 26.7% and 25.9% of the Musca domestica collected from these methods, respectively. The ratio of male (233) to female (456) Musca was 1:2, with a significant difference between the frequencies (P<0.05). A large population of houseflies was collected during the hot season (501, 72.7%), whereas fewer Musca were collected during the cold months (188, 27.3%), with a strongly significant difference (P<0.05). The percentage of HI was 54.4%, the CI was 21.9%, and the BI was 79.9%. The overall larval densities (LD) were at a medium level. Misan has a high density of Musca domestica, with females being more prominent than males. Hot climate, humid sites, and dirty places are responsible for the breeding of houseflies. The overall larval density was medium. Therefore, the risk of transmitting infectious diseases by houseflies is high within the boundaries of Misan province, and effective control parameters should include measures like light traps and sticky oil.

Explaining the change of virtual groundwater transfers from China's overexploited regions through full supply chains

Groundwater is under increasing pressure in China with unsustainable abstraction threatening eco-environment system and sustainable development. Yet it is not clear how virtual groundwater transfer through inter-provincial and international trades contributes to distant groundwater overexploitation over a period of time. This analysis traces groundwater abstraction from overexploited regions of China incorporated in the complete supply chain to final consumption, and examines drivers for dynamic changes of virtual groundwater transfers between 2007 and 2017 using the structural decomposition analysis. Groundwater use in four overexploited regions (i.e. North China Plain, Northeast China, hinterland North China and Xinjiang) were 88–91 billion m3 (about 85%–88% of national groundwater withdrawal). Inter-provincial virtual groundwater transfer presented an increasing trend with its share of total groundwater withdrawal increased from 36.4% to 45.4%, indicating an increasing reliance of regional final consumption on groundwater use beyond province boundaries. Structural decomposition analysis revealed that increasing receipt of commodities from overexploited regions was a major contributor to increasing reliance on virtual groundwater. Improved water use efficiency and consumption structure offset increasing virtual groundwater transfers from overexploited regions. The understanding gained in this study can be used by water managers and policy makers to improve the governance and management of groundwater resources.

Methods of the “New Division of the Empire”: The Reforms of Administrative Division in Vyatka Rеgion from Catherine the Great to Paul I

This article examines the territorial transformations carried out in Vyatka Region in the 1780s–1810s. As is known, before the last quarter of the eighteenth century, the system of administrative-territorial division of the country was based on the historically established system of uyezds. However, in 1775–1802, two major reforms were carried out, which rebuilt the administrative-territorial division following qualitatively new principles – approximate equality of the population of provinces and uyezds and transport accessibility of administrative centres for the population. These changes largely determined the outlines of the social structure of the Russian Empire over the next century, and changes in the management system and social structure naturally attract researchers’ attention today. With the help of a detailed reconstruction (based on maps of the time, both printed, from national atlases of 1792 and 1800, and handprinted, from the collections of several archives) and comparison of the boundaries of provinces in the middle of the eighteenth century, in 1792, in 1792, 1800 and 1805–1806, the author reveals the redistribution of territories between urban centres. It transpires that the system of territorial relations in this region during the reform of Catherine II changed more decisively than in the central regions of the country, and the new borders were initially drawn without a survey of the situation on the ground, in some cases – in the form of straight lines on the map. The correction of inconveniences caused by such a manner of reform was delayed and was completed already during the administrative reforms of Paul I, which, unlike most regions, were not cancelled there in the first decade of the nineteenth century.

Mapping structures on the core–mantle boundary using Sdiff postcursors: Part II. Application to the Hawaiian ULVZ

SUMMARY We present a new data set of nearly 100 earthquakes which show clear evidence of the Hawaiian ultra-low velocity zone (ULVZ) in the S core-diffracted phase (Sdiff), representing the most comprehensive Sdiff data set of a ULVZ to date. Using a Bayesian inversion approach, as outlined in Martin et al., and a subset of the data set, we characterise the 2-D morphology and velocity of the Hawaiian ULVZ. The results suggest that the ULVZ is smaller than previously estimated, with an elliptical shape, and oriented along the direction of the large low-shear velocity province boundary. Using forward modelling, we infer that the ULVZ has a height of 25 km and shear velocity reduction of 25 %.

Dynamic change and evolutionary mechanism of city land leasing network—Taking the Yangtze River Delta region in China as an example

Mapping city networks has attracted scholarly attention in urban studies, while the relevant studies focusing on land elements are lacking. This study aims to address and fill this research gap by analyzing across-city land leasing relationships. Using Yangtze River Delta region (YRDR) in China as a case, we explore the dynamic change and evolutionary mechanism of city land leasing network based on urban land leasing data and temporal exponential random graph model (TERGM). The findings reveal that: 1) At the macro level, as the interconnections between cities in the YRDR grow stronger, the inter-city flow of land elements has become growingly convenient and accessible, there is a corresponding increase in the frequency of land use rights transfer between cities. This has led to the emergence of a more intricate and interconnected city land leasing network in the YRDR. 2) At the medium level, city land leasing network in the YRDR fosters land leasing communities within province boundary. Shanghai community is identified as the strongest community, which establish a compact relationship with a large number of cities in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Anhui provinces. The province of Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Anhui have also foster communities with provincial capitals as the core, respectively. 3) At the individual level, Shanghai is the primary recipient city in terms of cross-city land leasing relationships, followed by provincial capital cities of Hangzhou, Nanjing, and Hefei. 4) Significant effects, including endogenous structural effects, actor-relation effects, exogenous network effects, and time effects, could be found in the city land leasing network of the YRDR. The city land leasing network in the YRDR is influenced by endogenous structural factors such as popularity, transitivity, and connectivity. Cities with low economic development levels, strong land leasing intervention, high real estate development investment levels, and high land leasing prices are more likely to lease land to other cities. Cities with higher levels of economic development, higher levels of industrial structure upgrading, higher levels of real estate development investment, and higher land prices are more likely to lease land from other cities. Furthermore, cities within the same province or within Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomerations (YRDUR) are more likely to foster inter-city land leasing relationships, while the distance between cities negatively affects the establishment of inter-city land leasing relationships.

Insights on the role of local site effects on damage distribution in the Izmir metropolitan area induced by the October 30, 2020 Samos earthquake

On the 30th of October 2020, a 6.6 magnitude earthquake occurred 14 km north of Samos Island, causing 119 casualties (117 in Izmir, Türkiye, and 2 in Samos, Greece) and significant damage in the 3rd biggest city of Türkiye, Izmir. Although the city is roughly 70 km far away from the epicenter, the damage was significant and concentrated in the city center settled on alluviums. This paper aims to analyze the distribution of damage in Izmir province, by crosschecking the recorded motions, the subsoil conditions and the evidence of damage as collected by an ad-hoc on-site reconnaissance. The intrinsic behavior of the Samos earthquake was investigated by employing three different ground-motion prediction equations. The results of the analyses revealed that site effects play a significant role in the amplification of ground motions, and valley effects are responsible for the concentration of damage. The damage in buildings was classified in terms of the intensity and structural typologies for the 30 districts of Izmir metropolitan area. In-depth analysis of the distribution of damages revealed that the earthquake caused damage all over the boundaries of Izmir province, and the concentration of damage in Bornova and Karşıyaka districts has a clear correlation with double resonance effects.

Mapping the cultural divides of England and Wales: Did the geographies of 'Belonging' act as a brake on British Urbanisation, 1851-1911?

Although both the analysis of regional culture and urbanisation are long-standing preoccupations in geography, few studies have considered the relationship between the two, the former traditionally being a topic in cultural geography, while the latter is usually interpreted and analysed as a process in economic geography. Taking evidence from the 1851-1911 censuses of England and Wales, this article analyses individual migration paths to identify stable regions of human interaction by applying a sophisticated community-detection algorithm. By accurately mapping the regions within which the majority of migration occurred between 1851 and 1911 and arguing that the stability of these geographies is evidence of more than just mutable communities but rather of persistent regional cultures, this article responds to previous studies that have sought to identify the cultural provinces of England and Wales. Indeed, by demonstrating that the regions bear a striking resemblance to those that have long been hypothesised as being distinct cultural provinces of England and Wales, this article empirically corroborates their existence. In order to further demonstrate that the regions constitute cultural provinces, this paper incorporates these boundaries into a spatial interaction model (SIM). The results of the SIM not only shows that the boundaries between the regions limited the number of migrants that crossed them-over and above that explained by control variables-and therefore represented the boundaries of cultural provinces, demarcating discrete regions of human interaction-but that such boundaries disproportionately restricted rural-urban migrants, thereby slowing the pace at which England and Wales urbanised. This paper therefore demonstrates that urbanisation should not only be interpreted as only an economic phenomenon, but a cultural one also, and that if urbanisation is to be fully understood, individuals' attachment to place as a component of their identity, ought to be formally incorporated into models of migration.

Control study of Musca domestica (Diptera, Muscidae) in Misan Province

Background: Houseflies are the most common type of Diptera, specifically Muscidae, worldwide, representing more than 90% of all species. This family has over 170 genera and 4200 species, but a few are of medical significance. This study aimed to estimate and assessing the measures to control and prevent grow-up inside houses and flying of the housefly (Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758) in Misan. Methods: The study occurred over 12 months, from December 2020 to December 2021. Using plastic containers, Musca flies were collected from all potential breeding sites in the study region (inside and around houses). Sticky oil paper and traps were used to collect the insects. The collected insects were transferred to sealed plastic containers and then to the laboratory of the Department of Microbiology. Results: Out of 200 randomly selected houses, 150 (75%) contained insects. Light traps and sticky oil papers were the most effective control measures, with 26.7% and 25.9% of the Musca collected from these methods, respectively. The ratio of male (233) to female (456) Musca was 1:2, with a significant difference between the frequencies (P&lt;0.05). A large population of houseflies was collected during the hot season (501, 72.7%), whereas fewer Musca were collected during the cold months (188, 27.3%), with a strongly significant difference (P&lt;0.05). The percentage of HI was 54.4%, the CI was 21.9%, and the BI was 79.9%. The overall larval densities (LD) were at a medium level. Conclusions: Misan has a high density of Musca houseflies, with females being more prominent than males. Hot climate, humid sites, and dirty places are responsible for the breeding of houseflies. The overall larval density was medium. Therefore, the risk of transmitting infectious diseases by houseflies is high within the boundaries of Misan province, and effective control parameters should include measures like light traps and sticky oil.

Halo effect of university: the reputation and technology cross-regional commercialisation in China

ABSTRACT The relationship between halo effect and cross-regional commercialisation of technology in universities is a very important issue that has not been answered theoretically. Based on signal theory and information asymmetry theory, universities with different reputations have their scope of influence and competitive advantages, and studying the cross-regional commercialisation of technology under the political border effect is worthwhile. Given the panel data of universities directly under the Ministry of Education, the relationship between the cross-regional commercialisation of universities and their reputation is non-linear, that is, the reputation mechanism plays a prominent role after breaking the province boundary. Specifically, high-reputation universities have higher technology transfer advantages in interprovince commercialisation, whereas relatively low-reputation ones perform better in intraprovince commercialisation. Moreover, improving research quality can compensate for the disadvantage of low-reputation universities in cross-regional technology transfer, whereas government incentive policies can retain more research results from high-reputation universities locally. Our study provides theoretical guidance for the optimization and adjustment of science and technology achievement transfer policies in China, especially for promoting science and technology achievement transfer, as well as providing practical references for retaining high-quality science and technology achievements in the region.

Calculation of Cost Budget Plan and Development of Implementation Method on Preservation of Aceh Selatan/Subulussalam Boundary Road - Sumut Province Boundaries

Cost Budget Plan is a calculation of the amount of money needed for materials, tools and wages, as well as other costs related to project implementation. Goals to be achieved to recalculate the budget Road Reconstruction Workand the method of implementation in which there are work methods for tools, K3, quality control, and the S curve regarding cost, quality and the right time. The results obtained from the calculation, Preservation Reconstruction of the South Aceh Boundary Road / Subulussalam -Boundaries of North Sumatra Province The total budget cost is Rp. 3.412.934.913.00 As well as scheduling the implementation time using the S curve. The preparation of the Implementation method applied to the Project includes Ordinary Excavation, Asphalt Pavement Excavation without Cold Milling Machine, Grain Pavement Excavation, Selected Piles from excavation sources, Road Body Preparation, Grade Aggregate Foundation Layer A, Class B Aggregate Base Layer, Binder Impregnating Layer - Liquid/Emulsion Asphalt, Binder Impregnating Layer - Liquid/Emulsion Asphalt, Laston Wear Layer (AC-WC), Laston Intermediate Layer (AC-BC), Laston Foundation Layer (AC- base), Anti-flaking agent, Thermoplastic Road Marking, Hot Mix Asphalt Improvement, and Plant Control. in an effective way based on the plans.

Mass transport pattern and mechanism in the tide-dominant Bohai Sea

Based on a numerical hydrodynamic model and Lagrangian particle tracking method, the Lagrangian flow network and the Lagrangian residual velocity were derived to exhibit the mass transport pattern in the tide-dominant Bohai Sea. The characteristics of the Lagrangian flow network, represented by degree and hydrodynamic provinces, show distinct regional features in the Central Basin and the three bays. The first-order Lagrangian residual velocity (i.e., the mass transport velocity) can be well maintained over a dozen averaging tidal periods, with its magnitude slightly decreasing with the increasing number of tidal periods. The second-order Lagrangian residual velocity (i.e., the Lagrangian drift velocity) includes the dependence on the initial tidal phase, which is also weakened with the increasing number of tidal periods. The mechanism behind the above two features of the Lagrangian residual velocity is explained theoretically. In the Bohai Sea, with about 15 averaging tidal periods, the Lagrangian residual velocity is approximately independent of the initial tidal phase and close to the mass transport velocity. The streamlines of the Lagrangian residual velocity averaged over 15 tidal periods are parallel to the province boundaries in the Lagrangian flow network, which means that the Lagrangian flow network is determined by the Lagrangian residual current. This may lay the foundation for using Lagrangian flow network to analyze and quantify flow and transport pathways in shallow, tide-dominated coastal regions.

LateTriassic A‐type granite boulders in Lower Cretaceous conglomerate of theHida belt, Japan: Their origin and bearing on theYamatotectonic line inFar East Asia

AbstractTo identify the origin of the Hida belt in central Japan, geochemistry and U–Pb age of zircons were analyzed for the extra‐large granitoid boulders in the Lower Cretaceous fluvial conglomerate of the Jinzu Group. This study clarified that the boulders of granitoids have geochemistry of typical A‐type granite, as characterized by high Nb + Y and high Ta + Yb values. U–Pb ages of igneous zircons from three individual granite boulders are concentrated at ca. 220 Ma (Late Triassic). As to Late Triassic A‐type granites, there is no corresponding body previously recognized within Japan, whereas identical A‐type granites occur in the eastern Songliao block on the immediate west of the Jiamusi block in NE China. The large size of boulders and the fluvial facies of the hosting conglomerate indicate their origin in the Hida belt per se, suggesting the cryptic and/or past occurrence of A‐type granite, rather than in NE China. Together with the eastern Songliao block (China), Laoelin‐Grodekov (LG) belt (Primorye, Russia), and Yamato Ridge (Japan Sea), the Hida belt forms a unique domain on the immediate west of GSC in Far East Asia, which is characterized commonly by the co‐occurrence of Permo‐Triassic and Jurassic granitoids, and probably with Late Triassic A‐type granite. These confirm that Hida belt represents an allochthonous unit tectonically emplaced onto the rest of Japan, which is composed of the Phanerozoic subduction‐related orogenic belt (Nipponides) developed along the Pacific side of Greater South China (GSC) since the Cambrian. For emphasizing a major geotectonic boundary of the Mesozoic granitoid provinces in Far East Asia, we propose the Yamato tectonic line between the easternmost Central Asian orogenic belt and GSC/Nipponides, which is traced for up to 3000 km from the Russia/China/North Korea border to SW Japan.

Kop Dağı (Bayburt-Erzurum)’nın makromantar biyoçeşitliliği

The study was mainly based on macrofungi samples collected from Kop Mount within the boundaries of Bayburt and Erzurum province between 2010 and 2011. Together with some previously presented taxa, a total of 88 macrofungi species belonging to 63 genera, 30 families, eight orders within classes Agaricomycetes, Leotiomycetes and Pezizomycetes have been compiled. The list of the determined taxa were presented together with their habitats, substrates, collection localities and personel voucher numbers.

A clustering approach to determine biophysical provinces and physical drivers of productivity dynamics in a complex coastal sea

Abstract. The balance between ocean mixing and stratification influences primary productivity through light limitation and nutrient supply in the euphotic ocean. Here, we apply a hierarchical clustering algorithm (Ward's method) to four factors relating to stratification (wind energy, freshwater index, water-column-averaged vertical eddy diffusivity, and halocline depth), as well as to depth-integrated phytoplankton biomass, extracted from a biophysical ocean model of the Salish Sea. Running the clustering algorithm on 4 years of model output, we identify distinct regions of the model domain that exhibit contrasting wind and freshwater input dynamics, as well as regions of varying water-column-averaged vertical eddy diffusivity and halocline depth regimes. The spatial regionalizations in physical variables are similar in all 4 analyzed years. We also find distinct interannually consistent biological zones. In the northern Strait of Georgia and Juan de Fuca Strait, a deeper winter halocline and episodic summer mixing coincide with higher summer diatom abundance, while in the Fraser River stratified central Strait of Georgia, shallower haloclines and stronger summer stratification coincide with summer flagellate abundance. Cluster-based model results and evaluation suggest that the Juan de Fuca Strait supports more biomass than previously thought. Our approach elucidates probable physical mechanisms controlling phytoplankton abundance and composition. It also demonstrates a simple, powerful technique for finding structure in large datasets and determining boundaries of biophysical provinces.

Geophysical extent of the Wyoming Province, western USA: Insights into ancient subduction and craton stability

AbstractA new 3-D resistivity model, estimated from inversion of magnetotelluric data, images crustal and upper-mantle structure of the Wyoming Province and adjacent areas. The Archean province is imaged as a coherent resistive domain, in sharp contrast to active tectonic domains of the western U.S. Prominent high-conductivity belts define the northern, eastern, and southern margins of the Wyoming Province and are interpreted as sutures marking the remnants of Paleoproterozoic orogens. The model results suggest the northern boundary of the Wyoming Province is located 150 km south of its traditional placement and adjacent to a composite orogen separating the Wyoming Province and Medicine Hat block. The eastern province boundary is clearly imaged along the Black Hills, whereas the western margin is obscured by Cenozoic extension and magmatism. An internal boundary within the Wyoming Province is interpreted to represent a Neoarchean suture; in stark contrast to Proterozoic sutures, though, it is not marked by a high-conductivity belt. This difference in conductivity is speculated to reflect changes in the subduction process through time. The absence of high-conductivity along Archean sutures appears to be global in nature and related to reduced continental freeboard in the Archean which limited continental weathering and the delivery of carbon-rich sediments to the seafloor. Although the entire Wyoming Province has been proposed to have undergone lithospheric modification that lessened its stability, the resistivity model suggests a thick lithospheric root remains in place except along its western margin. These results suggest that Archean cratons may be more resistant to lithospheric modification by influx of heat and fluids associated with extension and plumes than previously thought, and that metasomatism does not necessarily weaken the lithosphere and set a craton on the path to destruction.