Boswellia Serrata Research Articles

Innovative nanocarriers in arthritis therapy: the role of herbal cubosomes.

Both osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are long-lasting inflammatory disorders that impact the joints. While conventional treatments like NSAIDs and DMARDs are effective, they often have adverse side effects. The aim of this review is to explore the possibilities of using herbal treatments in treating the symptoms of arthritis, their stability and bioavailability. Traditional therapies often lead to adverse side effects, prompting a search for safer alternatives, particularly in herbal medicines. This review explores the innovative use of herbal cubosomes as advanced nanocarriers for arthritis therapy. Cubosomes, a type of self-assembled lipid nanoparticle, exhibit unique structural characteristics that enhance the delivery and bioavailability of encapsulated herbal compounds. Access was gained to PubMed, Scopus database, Google Scholar and Web of Science for the literature search. The results were later screened according to the titles, abstracts, and availability of full texts. The expository evaluation of the literature revealed that Key herbal components, such as Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Curcuma longa (Turmeric) and Boswellia serrata (Frankincense) are emphasized for their anti-inflammatory characteristics and possible advantages in managing arthritis. The herbal cubosomes enhance drug absorption, retention, and release kinetics in arthritic conditions. The difficulties in delivering and maintaining herbal substances are also discussed, with a focus on how nanotechnology can help get over these obstacles. Overall, the integration of herbal cubosomes in arthritis therapy presents a promising approach that could result in safer and more efficient treatment alternatives, warranting further research and clinical exploration.

Pharmacological modes of plant-derived compounds for targeting inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis: A comprehensivereview on immunomodulatory perspective.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the most prevalent autoimmune, chronic, inflammatory disease characterized by joint inflammation, synovial swelling, loss of articular structures, swelling, and pain. RA is a major cause of discomfort and disability worldwide, associated with infectious agents, genetic determinants, epigenetic factors, advancing age, obesity, and smoking. Although conventional therapies for RA alleviate the symptoms, but their long-term use is associated with significant side effects. This necessitates the urge to discover complementary and alternative medicine from natural products with minimum side effects. In this review, natural product's potential mechanism of action against RA has been documented in the setting of in-vivo, in-vitro and pre-clinical trials, which provides new treatment opportunities for RA patients. The bioefficacy of these natural product's bioactive compounds must be further studied to discover novel natural medications for RA with high selectivity, improved effectiveness, and economic replacement with minimum side effects. The current review article was designed systematically in chronological order. Plants and their phytochemicals are discussed in an order concerning their mode of action. All the mechanisms of action are depicted in diagrams which are thoroughly generated by the Chembiodraw to maintain the integrity of the work. Moreover, by incorporating the recent data with simple language which is not incorporated previously, we tried to provide a molecular insight to the readers of every level and ethnicity. Moreover, Google Scholar, PubMed, ResearchGate, and Science Direct databases were used to collect the data. Traditionally, various plant extracts and bioactive compounds are effectively used against RA, but their comprehensive pharmacological mechanistic actions are rarely discussed. Therefore, the objective of this study is to systematically review the efficacy and proposed mechanisms of action of different plants and their bioactive compounds including Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (celastrol and triptolide), Nigella sativa (thymoquinone), Zingiber officinale (shogaols, zingerone), Boswellia serrata (boswellic acids), Curcuma longa (curcumin), and Syzygium aromaticum (eugenol) against rheumatoid arthritis. These plants have strong anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-arthritic effects in different study designs of rheumatoid arthritis with negligible side effects. Phytomedicines could revolutionize pharmacology as they act through alternative pathways hence seeming biocompatible.

Positive Effect of Lecithin-Based Delivery Form of Curcuma and Boswellia Extracts on Irritable Bowel Syndrome After COVID-19 Infection.

Background: Post-COVID-19 irritable bowel syndrome (PCIBS) is a frequent finding and is frequently associated with enteral dysbiosis. This pilot study compared the effects of extracts from curcuma and boswellia on PCIBS and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in individuals who had never had a COVID-19 infection (controls). Methods: A total of 16 subjects with PCIBS and 28 controls with evidence of IBS gastrointestinal symptoms and with enteral dysbiosis were recruited and supplemented for 30 days with sunflower-lecithin-based formulations of extracts of Curcuma longa (500 mg) and Boswellia serrata (150 mg) b.i.d. and with low-FODMAP diet. Abdominal bloating, abdominal pain, enteral dysbiosis (as increased urinary indican), and the global assessment of efficacy (GAE) were evaluated at the end of the study. Results: In both cohorts, intra-cohort changes revealed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction in bloating and abdominal pain. The GAE showed similar and relevant satisfactory rates in both groups. On the contrary, urinary indican values showed a significant decrease only in the IBS group. Conclusions: Supplementation with Curcuma and Boswellia has favorable effects on abdominal bloating and abdominal pain of subjects with PCIBS and with IBS, while enteral dysbiosis is significantly decreased only in patients with IBS. Additional studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings and to clarify the reasons for the persistence of dysbiosis in PCIBS.

Boswellia Serrata for Cerebral Radiation Necrosis After Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases.

Boswellia Serrata for Cerebral Radiation Necrosis After Radiosurgery for Brain Metastases.

Co-administration of rifampicin and Boswellia serrata mitigates testicular toxicity caused by Aflatoxin B1.

Co-administration of rifampicin and Boswellia serrata mitigates testicular toxicity caused by Aflatoxin B1.

Efficacy and safety of a fixed combination of diosmin, bromelain, and Boswellia serrata in the management of acute ankle sprain: a randomized placebo-controlled study

Efficacy and safety of a fixed combination of diosmin, bromelain, and Boswellia serrata in the management of acute ankle sprain: a randomized placebo-controlled study

Efficacy and Safety of Boswellia serrata and Apium graveolens L. Extract Against Knee Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Degeneration: A Randomized, Double-blind, Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Osteoarthritis is the prevailing form of inflammatory condition in joints of adults and the aging population, leading to long-term disability and chronic pain. Current therapeutic options have variable therapeutic efficacy and/or several side effects. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial was conducted in 62 participants using a nutraceutical [standardized Boswellia serrata Roxb. gum resin (300 mg) and Apium graveolens L. seed extract (250 mg)], to determine its safety and efficacy forsupporting cartilage health and reduction in knee osteoarthritis symptoms. All participants were assessed for physical function and pain with the help of WOMAC, VAS, Physicians' Global Assessment for the six-minute walk test/pain. Knee X-ray, KOOS questionnaire score, and FACIT-F score were assessed. Additionally, inflammatory, cartilage degeneration and regeneration biomarkers in serum and urine were evaluated at baseline and after 90 days of treatment. Oral administration of the nutraceutical resulted in prolonged symptomatic relief with reduced pain, stiffness, and swelling. Inflammatory (serum IL-7, IL-1, IL-6, hs-CRP, TNF-α, ESR) and cartilage degeneration biomarkers (serum CTX-II, COMP, MMP-3 and urinary CTX-II) were decreased in the nutraceutical group compared to baseline and placebo. Furthermore, serum N-propeptide of collagen IIA (PIIANP) and procollagen-type-C propeptide (PIICP) levels were increased in the nutraceutical group, suggesting collagen synthesis contributing to cartilage regeneration. At given doses for 90 days, there were no adverse effects based on the clinical examination, biochemical, hematological, and ECG analysis. Taken together, the combination of Boswellia and celery could be a safe and promising herbal nutraceutical option for managing osteoarthritis and cartilage health effectively.

Recent advances in the management of knee osteoarthritis: a narrative review.

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common condition that causes pain and reduces the quality of life for many people. It also leads to high health and financial costs. Managing knee OA pain requires using different methods together for the best results. This review overviews current therapeutic options for knee OA pain, focusing on their efficacy, safety, and potential roles in clinical practice. Topical treatments, such as NSAIDs and capsaicin, offer significant pain relief with minimal systemic side effects and are suitable for initial therapy, together with nonpharmacologic interventions like exercise and, when relevant, weight loss. Oral analgesics, including acetaminophen and opioids, have limited efficacy and serious side effects, making them appropriate only for short-term or rescue therapy. Intra-articular injections, such as corticosteroids, hyaluronic acid, and platelet rich plasma, demonstrate varying levels of efficacy and safety. Nutritional supplements, including curcumin, Boswellia serrata, and glucosaminechondroitin combinations, offer modest benefits and are best used as adjuncts to standart treatment. Nonpharmacological treatments, such as transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), acupuncture, and local heat therapy, provide variable pain relief and should be customized based on individual patient responses. Targeted biologic agents, such as antibodies to TNF-α, IL-1, and NGF, hold promise for more precise pain relief; however, further research is required to establish their routine use. Treating knee OA pain should be personalized, combining several methods. Research must continue to improve treatments and make them safer.

Somatic embryogenesis and micropropagation of Boswellia serrata Roxb.: a rare medicinal tropical tree species

Somatic embryogenesis was investigated in Boswellia serrata Roxb., a medicinal tree species extensively utilized in tropical regions. In this study, an in vitro protocol for somatic embryogenesis and the generation of plantlets from immature zygotic embryos of B. serrata was developed. The morphogenic potential of the zygotic embryos was assessed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium enriched with various cytokinins, including 6-furfurylaminopurine (KIN), N6-benzyladenine (BA), and 1-phenyl-3-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl)-urea (TDZ), and auxins such as indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), both individually as well as in combinations. The MS medium containing 4.54 µM TDZ, 2.26 µM 2,4-D, and 200 mg/l polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was found to be effective in inducing direct somatic embryos (89.63%) in the cultures. Various forms of somatic embryos, including globular, heart-shaped, torpedo-shaped, and cotyledonary shapes, were observed on the surface of the zygotic embryos. Enhanced germination and conversion rates to plantlets (73.2 ± 1.6%) were achieved upon subculturing to a medium containing gibberellic acid (GA3) alone. The survival rate of plantlets under ex vitro conditions was approximately 72%. The stability of the ploidy level in the regenerated plantlets was verified through the application of flow cytometry (FCM). The analysis of leaf samples obtained from plantlets generated through somatic embryogenesis, performed using LC-Q-Tof-MS, identified the presence of the boswellic acid isomer, 3-O-acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid. The concentration of this particular isomer was found to be 0.13 µg/g of dry weight of the leaf. The propagation protocol presented in this study provides a significant micropropagation technique for this valuable plant species. Additionally, this method can be utilized for genetic transformation and the production of bioactive boswellic acids of medicinal significance.

Selected Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) Agents in IBD.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can cause significant psychological, physical, and economic burdens on patients and healthcare systems. Studies show over one-fifth of patients will seek nontraditional methods of treatment for managing their symptoms. Understanding the benefits - and potential harms - of these therapies is important to provide holistic and evidence-based care to our IBD patients. In this review, we present several studied herbal therapies for the management of both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. These include cannabinoids, Tripterygium wilfordii, Chios mastic gum, Boswellia serrata, Indigo Naturalis, curcumin, resveratrol, and Zingiber officinale. While these herbal remedies have been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects and positive outcomes in IBD patients, larger scale studies are lacking and the use may be limited by bioavailability, lack of standardization of formulations, and adverse reactions. In reviewing the literature, we discuss the current data available including benefits, adverse reactions, and considerations for use surrounding several of the more common herbal remedies used for IBD.

Efficacy of Herbal Remedies in Asthma treatment: A Systematic Review

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease affecting approximately 300 million people globally. Traditional systems like Ayurveda and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) have long utilized herbal remedies such as Vincetoxicum indicum (Burm.f.) Mabb. (16th March 2024), Boswellia serrata (Roxb) (4th July 2024), and Lembophyllaceae Broth (23rd April 2023), known for their anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating properties. Aim of the review: To assess the efficacy and safety of herbal remedies for asthma management and their potential as complementary or alternative therapies. Materials and methods: A systematic literature search across PubMed, Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS identified studies from the last 20 years focusing on herbal interventions for asthma. Excluded were non-clinical, poorly designed studies and those lacking human outcomes. Results: Thirty studies revealed that Vincetoxicum indicum, Boswellia serrata, and Lembophyllaceae Broth improve lung function, symptom control, and inflammation markers with fewer side effects compared to conventional treatments. However, variability in dosage and quality necessitates standardized clinical trials. Conclusions: Herbal remedies show promise as adjunctive asthma therapies, offering improved outcomes with fewer side effects. Further trials are essential to confirm efficacy, safety, and herb-drug interactions for their integration into standard care.

Efficacy and safety evaluation of Boswellia serrata and Curcuma longa extract combination in the management of chronic lower back pain: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study.

Efficacy and safety evaluation of Boswellia serrata and Curcuma longa extract combination in the management of chronic lower back pain: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical study.

Ten days of supplementation with a standardized Boswellia serrata extract attenuates soreness and accelerates recovery after repeated bouts of downhill running in recreationally active men.

https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pubview2.php, Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI/2019/07/020323).

Use of Boswellia Serrata for Cerebral Radiation Necrosis – a Case Report

Radiation necrosis is a dose-limiting side effect of radiation therapy for brain lesions. Several treatment options are available. However, they offer limited symptomatic relief and have important side effects. Boswellia serrata extract shows promising results in reducing the associated cerebral edema and neurological symptoms. We present the case of a 44-year-old male, diagnosed with an unspecified glioma, who received surgery, followed by concurrent Temozolomide and radiation therapy on the tumor bed (60 Gy/30 fr), followed by adjuvant Temozolomide (6 cycles). Two years later, the patient became symptomatic again and an MRI confirmed two recurrent lesions, that were treated with fSRS and 6 cycles of Temozolomide. Two months later, the patient developed headaches and balance impairment and was diagnosed by MRI spectroscopy with radiation necrosis. He started treatment with corticosteroids, which he inconsistently used due to side effects. After three months he was advised to add Bevacizumab, Hyperbaric Oxygen, and Boswellia serrata. At 2 months he showed impressive symptomatic benefit, concurrent with improvement on MRI imaging, despite the suboptimal use of corticosteroids and hyperbaric oxygen.

Exploring Phytotherapeutic Alternatives for Reye Syndrome: Potential for Safe and Effective Treatment

Reye syndrome is a rare, acute, and potentially life-threatening condition marked by rapid liver and brain damage, primarily affecting children and adolescents following viral infections like influenza or varicella. Though the exact cause remains unclear, studies indicate a strong association with the use of aspirin and other salicylates during viral infections, which may disrupt mitochondrial function and lead to hepatic steatosis and encephalopathy. Given the risks of aspirin use in susceptible populations, exploring natural anti-inflammatory alternatives is essential. Turmeric (Curcuma longa), ginger (Zingiber officinale), Boswellia serrata, Pinus pinaster, and Paeonia lactiflora possess notable anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and neuroprotective properties, potentially mitigating inflammation without salicylate risks. Curcumin in turmeric and gingerol in ginger exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by modulating inflammatory pathways. Boswellia’s boswellic acids, Pinus pinaster’s proanthocyanidins, and Paeonia lactiflora, paeoniflorin further contribute to immune modulation and neuroprotection. This review discusses these natural alternatives' mechanisms and their potential role in preventing and managing inflammation in children at risk of Reye syndrome, highlighting the need for further studies to validate their safety and efficacy in pediatric populations.

Total phenolic and flavonoid content in Boswellia serrata Roxb. resin extracts obtained with subcritical water

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Boswellia serrata&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; Roxb. is a tree that is mainly found in the dry regions of India. Its oleoresin, known internationally as Indian frankincense, is used in Ayurvedic, traditional Arabic and Chinese medicine. This gum resin contains 15-20% of boswellic, lupeolic and other pentacyclic triterpenic acids, of which the boswellic acids (beta-boswellic acid, keto-beta-boswellic acid and acetil-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid) have been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antidiabetic properties and are used in the modern pharmaceutical industry. Besides its ability to prevent and treat various diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, Chron&amp;amp;rsquo;s disease, ulcerative colitis and asthma), other biological functions of B. serrata resin should not be neglected.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;The aim of this study was to analyze, for the first time, extracts of &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;B. serrata&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; resin obtained with subcritical water at different temperatures (110&amp;amp;ndash;190 &amp;amp;deg;C) for their phenolic and flavonoid content. The total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by UV-spectrophotometry using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The total flavonoid content (TFC) was also determined by UV-spectrophotometry using a simple method with AlCl&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;.&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;With increasing extraction temperature, the TPC increased from 3.76 mg GAE/g DW at 110 &amp;amp;deg;C to 13.78 mg GAE/g DW at 190 &amp;amp;deg;C. The highest TFC was observed in the extract obtained at 170 &amp;amp;deg;C (8.56 mg RE/g DW).&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;The results of this study suggest that extracts of B. serrata resin obtained with subcritical water are a rich source of bioactive compounds that can be used in pharmaceuticals, dietary supplements and functional foods. &amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

Topical formulation of Boswellia nano emulsion in psoriasis mouse model.

Organ-specific autoimmune inflammatory skin disease is called psoriasis. Pharmacological study indicates that Boswellia serrata (BS) gum resin is an active herbal element that has a significant role in the management of inflammatory diseases. Because BAs are steroidal (lipophilic), their systemic bioavailability is restricted. Thermodynamically stable, transparent, optically isotropic, and oil-surfactant mixes with a small droplet size and excellent solubility capacity for lipophilic drugs are known as nano emulsions.In the present study, will test the production of Boswellia nano emulsion gel (BNG) on cells and then on mice skin. Male Balb/c mice were given topical application of imiquimod (IMQ) to the right ear pinna surface for 10days in order to induce dermatitis similar to psoriasis. On the tenth day of the study, each ear was examined for inflammation. Proliferation and fibrosis are examined histopathologically (using Masson's trichrome and H&E staining) Gene expression analysis of IL-17, IL-23, and TNF-α was conducted using real-time PCR. The results confirmed that the IMQ-induced psoriasis lasted for five days. However, in contrast to the control group, BNG significantly reduced body weight as well as the thickness, length, psoriatic itch, and skin inflammation The results showed a significant increase in the expression levels of all three genes in the negative control group and decrease in treat and positive control. All things considered, topical BNG significantly reduced both the macroscopic and microscopic features of psoriasis. To translate the benefits to clinics, more clinical research is necessary. However, further clinical investigations are required to translate the effects to clinics.

Boswellia serrate Gum Resin Mitigates Renal Toxicity: Role of TNF-α, Interleukins, TGF-β, and Lipid Peroxidation.

Background and aim: Being a central organ in homeostasis and maintaining the health of the biological system, kidneys are exposed to variable toxicants. Long-term exposure to nephrotoxic molecules causes chronic renal damage that causes fibrosis and loss of function. Such damage can be initiated by oxidative stress which provokes inflammation. We aim at investigating the potential therapeutic effects of Boswellia serrata (BS) gum resin extract in managing CCl4-induced renal toxicity. Methods: Male Wistar albino rats were assigned to groups: healthy control; CCl4-treated (CCl4, twice/week, for 6 weeks); CCl4 + BS-treated: CCl4 for 6 weeks followed by BS (150 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks; and CCl4 + Silymarin-treated: CCl4 for 6 weeks followed by Silymarin (100 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. Blood and kidney tissue were utilized to assess oxidative stress status, inflammatory cytokines, and histopathological changes. Results: BS treatment ameliorated signs of renal damage and fibrosis as it improved renal antioxidant status and renal function markers and significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 along with the fibrogenic marker TGF-β. Kidney tissues showed improved histological features after BS treatment. Conclusions: BS gum resin extract has significant therapeutic potential against CCl4-induced renal damage and fibrosis. These effects could be mediated via its previously reported antioxidant, free radical scavenging, and anti-inflammatory effects.

Effects of Coadministration of Eryngium billardieri and Boswellia serrata Extracts on Insulin-Related Biomarkers, Lipid Profile, and Hepatic Enzymes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Background: A multifactorial metabolic disorder, diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), this condition is expected to be among the most critical global health concerns in 2045. Despite the recent developments in medications for patients living with type 2 diabetes (T2D), there is still no definitive cure. As nearly all medications have their own complications, some herbs seem beneficial as alternatives. From this perspective, the present study investigated the effects of the coadministration of Eryngium billardieri (EB) and Boswellia serrata (BS) extracts on biochemical indices in patients with T2D. Methods: Sixty patients with T2D, aged 35–55, were selected and randomly assigned to two groups: experiment and control. For four weeks, the experimental group was given a combination of the EB (14 cc) and BS (7 cc) extracts in addition to the routine medications. However, the controls only received routine care and medications. Results: A significant reduction was observed in fasting blood sugar (FBS), homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and triglyceride (TG) levels. There was a substantial upsurge in disposition index (DI), homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β), and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) levels in the patients in the experimental group. The serum insulin levels showed no major changes. Conclusion: The study results revealed that the EB and BS coadministration could be a therapeutic approach or a supplement for patients with DM.

A Standardized Boswellia serrata Extract Improves Knee Joint Function and Cartilage Morphology in Human Volunteers with Mild to Moderate Osteoarthritis in a Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study

Background and objective Boswellia serrata Roxb. ex Colebr. (Family: Burseraceae; Genus: Boswellia) gum resin (Salai guggul) has profound therapeutic value in Ayurvedic and Unani medicines in alleviating several chronic inflammatory illnesses, including arthritis, asthma, skin and blood diseases, fever, etc. SN13108F (Aflapin®) is a proprietary, standardized Boswellia serrata gum resin extract. This 180-day randomized, placebo-controlled clinical study aimed to evaluate cartilage morphology using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), pain and joint function and long-term safety in the SN13108F-supplemented volunteers with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Materials and methods Eighty adult male and female subjects with the Kellgren-Lawrence grade II - III KOA were supplemented with SN13108F (100 mg/day) or a matched placebo for 180 consecutive days. Results SN13108F reduced (p < 0.001; vs. baseline and placebo) Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, Visual Analogue Scale, Lequesne’s Functional Index scores, improved six-minute walk test, and stair climb test. Post-trial MRI assessments of the tibiofemoral joints revealed that the cartilage volume, thickness, and joint space width were increased (p < 0.001; vs. placebo), and levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, matrix metalloproteinase-3, Fibulin-3, type II collagen degradation peptide in serum, and cross-linked C-terminal telopeptide of type II collagen in urine were significantly reduced (p < 0.001; vs. baseline and placebo) in the SN13108F-supplemented subjects. Hematology, complete serum biochemistry, urine analysis, and the participants’ vital signs did not alter between the groups. Conclusion SN13108F supplementation is safe, and it mitigates joint pain and improves musculoskeletal function and cartilage morphology in KOA.