Fluorophores with “push-pull” electronic structures can quench their fluorescence by shielding either part, and can be easily used to construct “double-locked” fluorescent probes. At present, research in this area is still rare. To demonstrate its feasibility, here we selected 6-acetyl-2-naphthol, a simple fluorophore with a characteristic “push-pull” structure (hydroxy-ketone) to construct a double-locked probe for the detection of HClO/H2O2. Specifically, 1,3-oxathiolane was employed as an HClO-responsive group to shield the ketone (pull group), while the hydroxy (push group) was protected by an H2O2-responsive boronate ester group, resulting in the HClO/H2O2-specific probe Sa1. In vitro experiments confirmed that Sa1 emits fluorescence only in the presence of both HClO and H2O2, exhibiting remarkable concentration- and time-dependent fluorescence responses. Additionally, Sa1 displayed excellent selectivity and low toxicity. Finally, through cell and zebrafish imaging experiments, the dual detection capability of Sa1 in biological systems was validated.