The comparison of Immune response to Third booster dose with of Vaxzevria or Comirnaty COVID-19 vaccine in healthcare workers after receiving two doses of CoronaVac

Stability and bifurcation of Mpox transmission model with population heterogeneity and booster vaccination.

The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has significantly impacted cancer patients, particularly those with lung cancer. This review delves into the intersection of COVID-19 and lung cancer, addressing concerns regarding diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes.. Research demonstrates that patient co-factors, including age, sex, blood type, and knowledge levels, are strongly associated with the severity and mortality of COVID-19 in lung cancer patients. Older age, male gender, and specific blood types correlate with worse results. Cancer patients, already immunocompromised, face heightened risks from COVID-19, with increased morbidity and mortality rates. The pandemic has necessitated rapid adjustments in oncological care, including telemedicine and altered treatment protocols. Vaccination tactics are essential, with effectiveness differing based on whether patients have gotten the initial dosage, second dose, or booster doses. Various vaccination forms, including mRNA vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and inactivated virus vaccines, have differing effectiveness profiles, particularly in immunocompromised persons. Booster dosages have shown improved immunity against developing variations such as Delta and Omicron. Lung cancer, the second most diagnosed cancer globally, presents diverse challenges due to its association with smoking and exposure to environmental carcinogens. Diagnosis relies on histological confirmation, with treatment decisions guided by disease staging and molecular profiling. Innovative diagnostic tools, such as molecular markers and genetic sequencing, enhance personalized treatment approaches. The pandemic's impact on cancer diagnosis and treatment pathways underscores the need for vigilant surveillance and adaptive strategies to ensure optimal patient care. This abstract encapsulates the critical considerations and evolving landscape of managing COVID-19 and lung cancer, emphasizing the importance of tailored approaches in navigating these intertwined health crises. The abstract summarizes the diagnostic and management approaches for lung cancer and COVID-19, highlighting key methods such as radiographic screening, liquid biopsy, sputum examination, and nucleic acid amplification tests for diagnosis. Treatment strategies for both conditions are discussed, emphasizing the challenges faced by lung cancer patients, particularly in the context of COVID-19 infections. The abstract also addresses the importance of early detection through biomarker discovery and the development of new therapies tailored to individual patients. Furthermore, prognostic and predictive biomarkers for lung cancer are identified, such as EGFR mutations and ALK rearrangements, which inform treatment decisions. The abstract underscores the need for comprehensive care strategies that consider the intersection of lung cancer and COVID-19, ensuring optimal outcomes for affected patients. Ultimately, care strategies must take consideration of patient co-factors like age, sex, blood group, and knowledge levels, as well as vaccine administration schedules like first doses, second doses, and booster shots and vaccine type reflections. The overall strategy aims to improve treatment and immunization efficacy, improving lung cancer outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Longitudinal study of the immunological response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Instituto Português de Oncologia of Coimbra professionals.

In silico post-hoc analysis of a clinically tested recombinant West Nile virus envelope protein vaccine.

Immunization gaps and measles outbreaks in ASEAN (2015-2025): A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Surveillance of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants in the Republic of Serbia during 2024.

Oncolytic virotherapy mobilizes tumor-resident, granzyme B-producing bystander CD4+ T cells to inhibit systemic microbial infection.

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are essential frontline responders to public health emergencies and are one of the risk groups targeted by annual vaccination campaigns. Serological studies are valuable for high-risk groups such as HCWs, as they contribute to assess vulnerability, monitor infection control measures, and guide vaccination strategies in high-risk settings. This study aimed to assess humoral response at baseline, 3 and 6 months after the 2023-2024 COVID-19 vaccination campaign in HCWs, and to identify demographic and clinical factors associated with variations in antibody levels over time. Prospective cohort study of vaccinated HCWs at a central hospital in Portugal (September 2023-May 2024). Serial serological tests to assess anti-spike receptor-binding domain (anti-RBD/S) and anti-nucleocapsid protein (anti-N) IgG antibodies were used to monitor the immune response and SARS-CoV-2 infection history, respectively. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to assess changes in antibody levels over time, and linear regression models were used to identify factors associated with variations in SARS-CoV-2 anti-RBD/S IgG concentrations, on the basis of available demographic and clinical data. In a cohort of 166 HCWs who received the 2023-2024 COVID-19 booster vaccine, anti-RBD/S IgG antibody levels significantly increased at 3 months post-vaccination (16 007.4 vs. 30 572.9 AU/mL) before declining by 6 months (18 327.3 AU/mL), nearing baseline levels. Previous infection (β = 1.92, 95% CI: 1.33-2.77) and older age (β = 2.65, 95%CI: 1.64-4.29) were associated with higher antibody concentrations at baseline, whereas smoking was linked to lower antibody levels at 6 months (β = 0.32, 95%CI: 0.11-0.88). Other factors, such as sex and chronic conditions, had no consistent significant impact over time. Although SARS-CoV-2 anti-RBD/S IgG antibody concentrations declined significantly six months after the 2023-2024 COVID-19 booster vaccination, they remained at relatively high concentrations over the follow-up period. This study provides new insight into these dynamics in a highly vaccinated and exposed HCWs cohort during a later post-pandemic phase, highlighting the influence of prior infection, age, and smoking on antibody persistence and reinforces the relevance of ongoing immune monitoring of this risk group to guide tailored control strategies. However, vaccine effectiveness studies in highly exposed and vaccinated populations, such as HCWs, are needed to better inform the role of antibody monitoring in this context, especially given the ongoing trend of annually updated vaccines. Not applicable.

Immunization against respiratory viruses among dental surgeons: high personal coverage, low involvement in vaccine promotion.

Exceeding expectations: factors contributing to the potency of human papillomavirus vaccines.

Association of HLA class II haplotypes with antibody concentrations after diphtheria-tetanus acellular pertussis booster vaccination in four age groups of Finnish participants.

The dynamics of hepatitis B transmission with treatment and vaccination: A case study in the Ili region of Xinjiang, China, by a physics-informed neural networks approach.

Policy optimization for multi-variant COVID-19 pandemic under unequal isolation and booster shot.

RSV Vaccination in Immunocompromised Adults.

Malaria causes immune perturbations and has been shown to affect immunogenicity to vaccine-preventable diseases. It is unknown, however, how repeated malaria infections affect the duration of vaccine protection. This study assessed variability in tetanus antitoxin IgG antibody kinetics by factors including malaria exposure history at district and individual levels. We analyzed longitudinal tetanus antitoxin IgG antibody concentrations in 3064 plasma samples from 597 children aged 6-months- to 10-years-old from 2011 to 2017 residing in Tororo (high malaria transmission) and Jinja (low transmission) districts in Uganda. Mixed effects models were used to estimate antibody half-lives, and hazard models to estimate risk of sero-reversion by district. Observed tetanus seroprevalence was 87.5% among 6-month- to 11-month-olds. On average, tetanus antitoxin IgG antibody concentrations were estimated to fall below protective levels by age 8.1 years [95% CI: 6.4 to 10.2]. Antibody half-lives were significantly longer in Jinja (15.8 years [95% CI: 8.8 to 28.5]) than in Tororo (2.8 years [95% CI: 2.6 to 3.1]). Hazard of sero-reversion was significantly higher (2.7-fold [95% CI: 1.7 to 4.1]) in Tororo than in Jinja. Overall, tetanus antibodies waned rapidly. However, we found that children living in the district with high malaria transmission had faster waning and higher risk of sero-reversion compared to those in the district with low transmission. This suggests the need for further research to determine if malaria endemicity should inform timing of tetanus booster dose delivery.

Globally accelerated efforts are underway to eliminate dog-mediated rabies, underscoring the importance of effective anti-rabies prophylaxis. This study aims to assess the antibody response and its long-term persistence following rabies vaccination, their determinants, and suggest the optimal timing for a booster dose. We performed a retrospective cohort study among 150 participants, at the preventive clinic of Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram. Anti-rabies antibody titer in serum samples was estimated with the Rapid Fluorescent Foci Inhibition Test. To estimate the optimal timing for booster doses, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted. Protective antibody titers (0.5 IU/ml) were observed in 92.7% of participants, with a mean titer of 3.81 (3.31) IU/ml. ROC analysis identified 5 years as a cut-off for booster dose. Regression analysis indicated a shorter time duration since last vaccination (P = .003) and intramuscular route (P = .005) as predictors of high antibody titers. However, the achievement of protective antibody titer was comparable for intramuscular and intradermal schedules. Achievement of protective antibody titers is universal and long-lasting following anti-rabies vaccination, irrespective of the route of vaccination. Five years since the last dose could be used as an optimal cut-off for booster dose.

As COVID-19 continues to spread and new SARS-CoV-2 variants emerge, the immunity provided by first-generation vaccines has been waning, highlighting the need for new strategies to enhance antigen-specific immune responses and overall vaccine efficacy. Nasal vaccination is a promising approach for inducing mucosal immune responses, offering protection at the primary sites of SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this study, we report the development of a novel vaccine formulation, CSOA-LipoCov, consisting of oleic acid-functionalized chitosan nanoparticles loaded with a lipidated multi-epitope peptide-conjugated receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The CSOA-based nanoparticles platform demonstrated enhanced uptake by antigen-presenting cells, thereby improving the vaccine's immunogenicity. In vivo studies demonstrated that the parenteral prime followed by intranasal boosting immunization strategy of CSOA-LipoCov induced superior systemic and mucosal immune responses compared to homologous vaccination regimens; either intranasal or parenteral administration. Serum cytokine analysis of the prime-pull regimen indicated a balanced Th1/Th2 milieu and the presence of IL-17A. These findings represent a systemic snapshot of the immune environment rather than definitive cellular activation and, given the low cytokine concentrations, support the overall safety and lack of pathological inflammation of the vaccine candidate. Our findings underscore the potential of CSOA nanoparticles as an effective intranasal vaccine delivery system, particularly for use as a booster dose, based on the enhanced immunogenicity observed with the prime-intranasal boosting strategy.

Three-year follow-up of the COVAXID trial: real-world assessment of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine immunogenicity in immunocompromised individuals highlights increasing roles of hybrid and passive immunity.

Chemokine dynamics after mRNA vaccination.