This study explores how varying dietary phosphorus levels, particularly through dicalcium phosphate (DCP) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP), influence egg production performance and bone quality in aging laying hens, along with tibia bone gene expression. A total of 576 laying hens were randomly assigned to a 2 × 4 factorial design (two phosphorus sources × four levels), with six replicates per treatment (12 hens each). Hens were housed under controlled environmental conditions. The study employed two-way analysis of variance to analyze 18 parameters related to production, egg quality, serum biochemistry, and bone traits, with post hoc Tukey tests for multiple comparisons. Egg and bone parameters were analyzed separately. Pearson's correlation assessed relationships while controlling for phosphorus level and hen age. Hens fed TCP had higher egg production and improved feed conversion ratio compared to DCP. Serum inorganic phosphorus was higher in DCP-fed hens. TCP also enhanced bone quality, with greater bone breaking strength, bone mineral density, and bone mineral content (BMC). Gene expression analysis revealed upregulated osteogenic markers (OPG and RANKL; P < 0.05) in TCP, while DCP elevated FGF23 expression (6.88). RANKL showed significant correlation with production traits: 43% with egg production (P < 0.001) and 32.1% with feed conversion (P < 0.01). These findings highlight that TCP supports bone health and calcium regulation, whereas DCP promotes bone resorption, ultimately reducing production longevity. TCP boosts productivity and bone health in aging hens by upregulating OPG/RANKL signaling, optimizing bone remodeling. Future studies should investigate long-term gene expression changes and alternative pathways. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.

Impact of 1 year of gender-affirming hormone therapy on bone mineral density in adults with gender incongruence: a cross-sectional study.

Cervus elaphus sibiricus (deer antler) extract alleviates osteoporosis via dual modulation of osteoblast and osteoclast activity in ovariectomy-induced mice on network pharmacology.

Exosomes, nanoscale extracellular vesicles, have garnered substantial interest in biomedical research owing to their critical roles in intercellular communication, diagnostics, and regenerative therapeutics. Among biomolecules investigated in regenerative medicine, exosomes are one of the most intensively researched. While no clinical trials have yet been conducted to assess their regenerative efficacy in human dental applications, a rapidly growing body of preclinical research highlights their therapeutic potential in oral and maxillofacial regeneration. Dental tissue-derived exosomes, most notably from dental pulp stem cells, periodontal ligament stem cells, gingival fibroblasts, and stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth, have shown the ability to promote regeneration of bone, the periodontal ligament and other supporting tissues. Moreover, these exosomes have demonstrated potential roles in modulating orthodontic tooth movement and alleviating temporomandibular joint disorders. Preclinical studies included in this review consistently reported improved bone regeneration outcomes, such as increased bone volume, mineralization, and osteogenic marker expression following exosome application. Importantly, exosomes have also exhibited potent immunomodulatory effects, notably through inhibition of inflammation in bone defects and periodontitis models. The therapeutic versatility of exosomes is further reflected in their application across several fields of dentistry, such as periodontitis therapy, pulp regeneration, alveolar bone regeneration, and immune regulation. The majority of the studies highlighted the anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, and osteoinductive features of exosomes, derived from diverse cellular sources. These promising preclinical outcomes collectively indicate that exosome-based therapies hold strong potential for translation into clinical dental practice, offering a novel, cell-free, and biologically targeted strategy to craniofacial tissue regeneration.

A window into vitamin effects on biomineralization in octocorals.

The effect of leisure-time physical activities on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Utilizing QUS envelope statistics imaging to predict the risk of vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women.

Linoleic acid promotes osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and ameliorates ovariectomy (OVX)-induced osteoporosis in mice through the PI3K/AKT pathway.

Osteocytes provide essential functions for the maintenance of healthy bone tissue. They are embedded in lacunar pores within the mineralised bone matrix and communicate through interconnected dendritic cell processes that are housed in canalicular channels constituting the osteocyte lacunocanalicular network (LCN). Ageing is associated with increased fracture risk and bone fragility, particularly in elderly women. Despite the LCN playing a critical role in bone remodelling, characteristics of the network in bone tissue of different individual age and mineral content is thus far largely unexplored. Confocal laser scanning microscopy was used to image the fluorescent-stained LCN of cortical osteons in iliac crest bone specimens from female donors with mean age 60 years (n = 6) and 94 years (n = 6) in 3D. Quantitative backscattered electron imaging was also used to assess osteonal mineral content to compare LCN structure in highly and lowly mineralised osteons. Network defects were identified in one-third of osteons, which were further investigated using focussed ion beam scanning electron microscopy. Assessment of the LCN revealed no influence of individual age on the canalicular density, the volume of the lacunae or the degree of the lacunae, whereas canalicular density is inversely correlated with osteonal mineral content. An increase in the volume of non-mineralised matrix is demonstrated in defective regions that are prevalent in all individuals. While relative osteon age, as characterised by mineral content, influences the density of the canaliculi in the LCN, there is no influence of the age of the individual women over 60 years. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Osteocytes play a central and ongoing role in bone health throughout the lifespan: they orchestrate bone remodelling by regulating osteoclastic bone resorption and osteoblastic bone deposition, as well as controlling subsequent bone mineralisation. Deterioration of the osteocyte lacunocanalicular network may contribute to the decline in bone quality observed with age. Consequently, we studied this communication system in 3D in bone from middle-aged to elderly donors. Unexpectedly, individual age had no influence on network characteristics, but the density of the network was decreased in older osteons. Furthermore, we observed network defects that are surprisingly common at all ages investigated. The size of these defects increases with age, suggesting a possible link to the concurrent reduction in bone quality.

Anisotropic mechanical characterization of trabecular bone with linear and non-linear voxel-based finite elements from photon-counting CT.

The relationship between changes in calcium concentration and bone mineral density by anti-bone resorptive therapy.

Skin Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) are not associated with bone mineral density longitudinally: The Rotterdam Study.

Correlation between body mass index, bone mineral density and trabecular bone score in patients with Type 2 diabetes.

The impact of preoperative bone mineral density on outcomes following lower extremity megaprosthetic reconstruction for oncologic resections.

Bone mineral density response to romosozumab in post-menopausal women: A prospective observational real-world study.

Comparative diagnostic performance of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and other radiological modalities in osteoporosis detection: a systematic review.

Pyrophosphate dysregulation and impaired FGF23/FGFR signaling contributes to impaired matrix mineralization in bone marrow stromal cultures from sickle cell disease mice.

Analysis of intrinsic contributing factors in geriatric tibial plateau fractures using extended finite element method.

The association between body roundness index and lumbar marrow fat content in postmenopausal women.

Children with cerebral palsy (CP) functioning at Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) level III-V are at risk of reduced bone strength and low-trauma fractures. This systematic literature review aimed to identify fracture rates, locations, and risk factors in this population. Five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and PsycINFO) were searched up until November 2024. Studies were included if they involved children younger than 18years with CP (GMFCS III-V). Included study designs were cross-sectional, cohort, case-control, or experimental, including both randomized control trials and quasi-experimental, which reported baseline data separately. The Newcastle Ottawa Scale was used to assess methodological quality. Study characteristics, population characteristics, fracture rate, location, and risk factors identified were extracted. Out of 2220 studies, 30 were included. The fracture rate ranged from 2.2 to 4.8 per 100 child-years, and lifetime prevalence estimates were between 9.4% and 15.5%. The most frequently reported fracture location was in the lower extremities, particularly the femur (54.1%). Risk factors for fracture supported by high-quality evidence were low bone mineral density, epilepsy, and weight imbalance; factors with mixed-quality evidence were anticonvulsant use, feeding difficulties, reduced weight bearing, history of fracture, and increasing age. Variability in methodological quality across studies and inconsistent reporting limited the generalizability of findings. Children with CP functioning at GMFCS III-V are prone to fragility fractures in the lower extremities with several modifiable risk factors identified, including poor nutrition, weight imbalance, uncontrolled seizures, and limited weight-bearing activity.