The association between antiseizure medications (ASMs) and bone disorders remains inadequately investigated despite growing concern about drug-induced bone adverse events (AEs). We analyzed data from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database (Q1 2004-Q2 2025), identifying 7688 reports of bone health-related AEs listing ASMs as primary suspect drugs. Disproportionality analysis was performed using the reporting odds ratio (ROR) for signal detection. Subsequently, network pharmacology was applied to explore underlying biological pathways. Finally, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) was conducted to estimate potential causal associations between ASM-related gene targets and bone health outcomes. Disproportionality analysis revealed significant associations between ASMs and several bone health-related AEs, including increased blood alkaline phosphatase, ankle fracture, vitamin D deficiency, craniofacial fracture, cervical vertebral fracture, and skull fracture. Significant associations of bone health were identified for traditional enzyme-inducing ASMs, including carbamazepine, phenytoin, and phenobarbital, and newer agents, including perampanel, brivaracetam, lacosamide, and zonisamide. Pathway analysis predicted calcium and MAPK signaling. MR revealed genetically predicted effects of CAT, TNFRSF9, and USP48 on osteoporosis and of MGP, MFN2, PLOD1, and TNFRSF9 on ankle fracture. By integrating real-world pharmacovigilance with genetic insights, this study characterizes the associations between both conventional and newer ASMs and adverse bone health outcomes, mechanistically implicating the role of Calcium and MAPK signaling pathways. Furthermore, we identified several key regulatory genes.

Emerging evidence implicates central nervous system dysregulation in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. However, the role of hypothalamic subregions - a key central hub for homeostasis - in human bone health remains poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the structural and functional alterations of hypothalamic subregions in relation to bone mineral density (BMD) loss in postmenopausal women using multimodal MRI.Fifty-four postmenopausal women (18 with osteoporosis, 18 with osteopenia, and 18 healthy controls) underwent 3T MRI. A comprehensive analytical framework was employed, comprising: (1) deep learning-based segmentation of hypothalamic subregions; (2) seed-based functional connectivity analysis using these subregions as regions-of-interest; and (3) shape analysis of connected white matter bundles. Non-parametric statistics and partial correlations were applied to quantify associations between hypothalamic measures and BMD, controlling for covariates.Our analysis revealed multimodal alterations in hypothalamic subregions. Specifically, we observed region-specific volume changes in the right anterior inferior (decrease in osteoporosis) and left posterior hypothalamus (increase in osteoporosis), as well as enhanced functional connectivity between the left anterior inferior hypothalamus and the left superior lateral occipital cortex (sLOC)/precuneus (cluster-level FWE-corrected p = 0.030). Microstructural and shape alterations were also detected in white matter bundles connected to several subregions, though these findings should be interpreted as exploratory due to multiple comparisons. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation was found between the volume of the right anterior superior hypothalamus and BMD in the osteopenia group (r = 0.640, p = 0.004).This study provides preliminary in vivo evidence of multimodal hypothalamic alterations in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Our findings suggest that structural alterations in specific hypothalamic subregions and their functional connectivity with visual-attentional networks may be associated with BMD loss. The volume of the right anterior inferior hypothalamus warrants further investigation as a potential neuroimaging biomarker for fracture risk stratification.

To evaluate the clinical impact of an artificial intelligence device, Rho, that opportunistically screens X-rays for low bone mineral density (BMD; DXA T-score < -1). Over 13months, Rho analyzed X-rays from patients ≥ 50years at a large independent health facility. Radiologists could opt to include Rho-flagged findings in their X-ray reports. DXAs that occurred within 6months of an X-ray (from patients in the first 7months of data collection) were categorized as being prompted by Rho ("Rho-generated") or arranged via usual standard-of-care practice ("pre-planned"), and their outcomes (diagnoses and 10-year fracture risk scores) were compared. Of 34,162 X-rays, Rho flagged 19,004 (56%) for low BMD, and radiologists included this information in 7726 (41%) reports. From the first 7months of radiologists reporting Rho findings, initial and surveillance DXAs increased by factors of 1.8 and 1.4, respectively. Of 299 Rho-generated DXAs, 193 had low bone mass (- 2.5 < T-score < - 1) and 65 had osteoporosis. Rho-generated DXAs vs. pre-planned DXAs identified a greater proportion of patients with low BMD (87% vs. 69%; p < 0.001) and similar proportions of patients with elevated fracture risk (34% vs. 40%). The diagnostic yield was particularly marked in patients undergoing their first-ever DXA (84% vs. 60%; p < 0.001), and in males ≥ 65years (83% vs. 45%; p < 0.001). Incorporating Rho in radiology workflow nearly doubled initial bone health assessments and prompted additional surveillance DXA evaluations. Rho-generated DXAs captured higher rates of true low BMD than standard-of-care practices, particularly in older men.

Background Global aging elevates the incidence of thoracolumbar fragility fractures (TLFFs), which are linked to osteoporosis. Platelets (PLT) and albumin influence bone health; the platelet-to-albumin ratio (PAR) is applied in multi-disease research, but it has not yet been applied to patients with TLFF. This study thus explores PAR’s association with bone mineral density (BMD). Methods This retrospective cross-sectional analysis based on a cohort of TLFF patients included 703 elderly TLFF patients from Huizhou First Hospital (2020–2025). BMD was measured, PAR calculated, and grouped; covariates were collected. Subsequently, characterization of the study population, univariate linear regression analyses, and subgroup as well as interaction analyses were carried out. Results High-PAR groups had higher PLT, lower albumin, and lower BMD. PAR showed a significant negative association with total spine BMD (TS-BMD) even after adjustment; the initial association of neutrophill-to-albumin ratio (NPAR) became non-significant post-adjustment. Conclusion In elderly TLFF patients, PAR is negatively associated with TS-BMD. As an easily measurable index, PAR may act as a clinical tool.

Differences in female athlete triad risk factors between runners from Japan and the United States have not been explored. To compare the prevalence of Triad risk factors and Triad components between female Japanese and American distance runners. Observational, cross-sectional. Two universities; one in the United States and one in Japan. A total of 77 female runners: 36 Japanese middle- and long-distance runners, and 41 American distance runners. Not applicable. Triad components were energy deficiency, menstrual disturbances, and poor bone health. Triad risk factors were, respectively for each component: body mass index, serum total triiodothyronine, and history of diagnosed eating disorders; delayed menarche, history of menstrual irregularity, and current oligoamenorrhea; and bone mineral density and history of stress fractures. Prevalence was compared with chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. Group differences were assessed with t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests. Data are mean difference (95% confidence interval [CI]). Japanese runners had lower body weight (-4.15 [95% CI, -7.03.to -1.27] kg, p = .005) and percentage of body fat (-5.2 [95% CI, -6.9 to -3.5] %, p < .001) than American runners, with no differences in body mass index, serum total triiodothyronine, age of menarche, or menstrual cycle length (p > .05). Japanese runners had significantly lower bone mineral density at the lumbar spine (-0.195 [95% CI, -0.246 to -0.143] g/cm2, p < .001), total hip (-0.115 [95% CI, -0.165 to -0.064] g/cm2, p < .001), and femoral neck (-0.214 [95% CI, -0.260 to -0.167] g/cm2, p < .001), but higher total hip Z-scores than the American runners (0.5 [95% CI, 0.1 to 1.0], p = .022). The prevalence of energy deficiency (56% vs. 32%, p = .035), history of stress fractures (50% vs. 17%, p = .003), and of runners experiencing all three Triad components (42% vs. 16%, p = .014) was higher in Japanese than American runners. No other differences in prevalence were observed. Japanese female runners may be at a higher Triad risk than American peers, given their higher prevalence of energy deficiency risk factors, history of stress fractures, and of athletes experiencing all Triad components.

Little is known about the specific inflammatory networks and immune parameters that drive frailty outcomes in people with HIV (PWH). Plasma analytes and T cell phenotypes from PWH without frailty (0 Fried score, n=60) and with frailty (≥3 Fried score, n=60) were measured by Luminex assay or flow cytometry. Multiple least-squares linear regression analysis was used to determine the association of each marker with frailty in unadjusted and adjusted models. Spearman correlations were used to determine the association of plasma analytes with T cell phenotypes. We found that 19 of 75 markers measured in plasma were significantly associated with frailty, most of which are downstream of NF-κB signaling and are senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) components. In frail individuals, the proportions of CD4 and CD8 T cells with a naïve phenotype were significantly reduced, and the proportions of CD4 T cells expressing TIGIT and PD-1 were significantly elevated. Of the frailty-associated analytes, we found that only osteoprotegerin and TNF levels were significantly correlated with percent naïve, TIGIT+, and PD-1+ CD4 T cells among PWH with frailty. Osteoprotegerin levels were negatively correlated with CD4/CD8 T cell ratio. We found a strong association of the SASP and NF-κB related inflammation with frailty in PWH. Osteoprotegerin can inhibit osteoclast formation and prevent bone resorption. Low proportion of naïve CD4 T cells and increased TIGIT and PD-1 expression were associated with both osteroprotegerin levels and frailty, suggesting a link between inflammation, T cell activation, bone health, and frailty in PWH.

This study aims to investigate the effects of popular 6000/10,000 daily step recommendations of physical activity on bone mass in young female nurses. A sample of 69 female nurses aged 22 to 35 from a teaching hospital in Chongqing, China, were invited to participate in the study. Daily walking steps were recorded by a smartphone-based application for 30 consecutive days. The participants were divided into 3 groups based on their adherence to daily step recommendations: low (average daily steps < 6000), moderate (6000 ≤ average daily steps ≤ 10,000 steps), and high (average daily steps > 10,000 steps) steps. Bone mineral density (BMD) at multiple sites (spine, hip, and heel) was measured with dual-emission X-ray scanner. Analysis of variance was used to compare BMDs in different level of daily steps, multivariable regression analysis was used to adjust the confounders. Nurses with adherence to higher step recommendation had higher means of BMDs at all bone sites, but only BMDs at spine (L1–L4, all P < .05) were significant. Multivariate regression analysis showed the nurses with moderate to high steps had significantly higher BMDs at the spine (P ≤ .001 for L1–L4) and hip (Ward triangle P = .047, trochanteric region P = .025, and intertrochanteric region P = .019) than those with low steps after controlling for potential confounders. However, there was no significant relationship between daily step recommendation adherence and BMD at the femoral neck (P = .092) or the heel (calcaneus P = .367). Adhere to the recommendation of 6000/10,000 steps per day without considering types of physical activity increases the bone mass in bones of spine and hip in young females.The 6000/10,000 steps daily can be recommended as a brief goal of physical activity for the prevention of osteoporosis.Cohort studies with big sample size, and diverse population are warranted to further confirm the effect of step goals on bone health.

Increasing handgrip strength to combat frailty in HIV: Linking immune exhaustion to a bone health indicator.

Abstract Introduction Fragility fractures can have a profound impact on older adults’ quality of life. Optimising bone health by checking vitamin D level, FRAX score, and actioning outcomes provides a cost-effective strategy for reducing the incidence of these fractures. Our aim therefore is to promote awareness and undertaking of bone health assessments in the Older Persons Unit (OPU). Methods This was a pre-post cross-sectional study. Data was collected from 212 patient records over two separate days, one month apart. Patients admitted to the OPU at St Thomas’ Hospital were included and data was obtained from patient records using EPIC. Three strategies were implemented to improve awareness, accessibility, and time efficiency: Posters with QR codes linking relevant resources and the FRAX tool were placed throughout the OPU. An email campaign targeted both junior and senior staff to raise awareness. A shared Epic ‘SmartPhrase’ which auto-populated relevant results and provided an easy-to-follow template for documenting FRAX scores and outcomes. Results In the first data collection, FRAX documentation was recorded for 13 out of 106 patients, compared to 22 out of 106 in the second cycle (p = 0.096). Notably, vitamin D assessment and management showed significant improvement: 80 patients had their vitamin D level checked in the second cycle compared to 63 in the first (p = 0.013). Treatment of vitamin D insufficiency (&amp;lt;25 nmol/L) also improved from 7 of 16 patients to 12 of 14 patients (p = 0.017). Conclusion There has been a positive shift in how bone health is addressed in older patients. Most notably, vitamin D testing and treatment significantly improved. While FRAX documentation showed modest gains, the increased focus on vitamin D reflects growing awareness of bone health. This is an encouraging trend, but further engagement is required to consolidate and sustain these improvements.

The Osteoporotic Fractures in Men study (MrOS) is amongst the largest and longest running prospective cohort studies of older men. MrOS determined how fracture risk was related to bone mass, bone geometry, lifestyle, anthropometric and neuromuscular measures, comorbidity, biomarkers, and fall propensity. The cohort consisted of 5994 community-dwelling, ambulatory U.S. men aged 65 years or older recruited at 6 US academic clinical centers in 2000-2002 and followed through November 2024. After enrollment, men were contacted by mail/phone every 4 months to ascertain information on incident falls, fractures and deaths/loss to follow-up. All fractures were confirmed by imaging reports. Over the 25-year study, 95% of active surviving participants had complete follow-up. The MrOS study had 5 major clinic visits; while an ancillary sleep study had 2 additional clinic visits. MrOS has provided a comprehensive analysis of factors associated with areal (a) and volumetric (v) bone mineral density (BMD) and clinical risk factors for aBMD loss among men. Further analyses identified risk factors for hip, all non-spine, rib, wrist and vertebral fractures. MrOS was the largest single cohort to estimate associations of aBMD with incident fractures in men and results indicated stronger associations in men than women. MrOS also analyzed other structural features from dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and both central and peripheral quantitative computed tomography in relationship to fractures in men. Serum, urine and DNA were collected at clinic visits and extensive analyses have been performed with respect to sex steroid and calciotropic hormones, bone turnover and other novel measures of bone health. Several analyses evaluated the performance of formal tools in estimating the absolute risk of fractures in older men; findings indicated that better fracture prediction tools are needed. MrOS encourages outside investigators to make use of the publicly available data and to access the biospecimen bank. https://mrosonline.ucsf.edu.

Abstract Introduction Fracture liaison services (FLS) aim to prevent secondary fractures by promptly identifying patients above 50 years with fragility fractures. The standard recommendation by FLS Database (FLS-DB) is to identify 80% expected fragility fractures, commencing treatment for 50% and monitor 80% at 52 weeks. Methods A quality improvement methodology based on the model of improvement; Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles was introduced in 2022. The fragility fracture case identification increased from 22.7% (2021) to 41.1% (2022) and 58.4% in 2023, a 149% increase. Process mapping for the Aneurin Bevan FLS (AB-FLS) showed that follow-up clinics were only ad-hoc and not formalised. A separate clinic code for annual review of patients, led by Speciality Geriatric Trainee was tested in 2023. One-year follow-up clinic streamlined service and improved performance to 25.9% (360 cases) in 2023, just above the national benchmark (24.2%). Our objective is to introduce multi-stakeholder involvement to further improve and sustain 52-weeks follow-up improvement to meet the service demand and national target. Results Multiple PDSA cycles led to AB-FLS Quality Assurance group including clinicians, Pharmacist, Primary Care General Practitioner as Influencers and three Patient Representatives. Team met formally every 3 months to review interventions and introduce changes. Challenges were overcome by providing a dedicated 52-weeks follow-up clinic. In addition, engagement with Primary Care for longer-term osteoporosis care unless requiring specialist bone health reviews is ongoing. In 2024, AB-FLS identified 2620 cases (70%; National benchmark = 39.9%) and commenced bone treatment for 1611 cases (61.5%; National Benchmark = 56.4%). The 52-weeks follow-up improved from 25.9% (360 cases) in 2023 to 62.7% (1010 cases) in 2024, which is more than double the national benchmark (24.2%). Conclusion This work is aligned with Welsh Prudent Healthcare principles of evidence-based medicine, partnership working with patients and meeting the unmet needs of the most vulnerable. Collaborative efforts with diverse stakeholders including primary care and patient representative have improved 52-week follow-up in 62% fracture patients. The success of this multi-stakeholder quality initiatives offers compelling evidence that this model is scalable across Wales, providing a sustainable and impactful solution to managing osteoporosis and preventing secondary fractures.

Adults with bronchiectasis often present with altered body composition and muscle strength, yet prognostic value of peripheral muscle strength are not well understood. This study compared body composition and muscle function between adults with bronchiectasis and healthy controls and examined whether peripheral muscle strength estimates one-year clinical outcomes. Adults with HRCT-confirmed bronchiectasis and controls underwent assessments including DXA (body composition), dynamometry (leg and shoulder strength), and core endurance tests. Participants with bronchiectasis were classified as having retained or impaired leg strength based on the 10th percentile of control values and were reassessed after one year for exacerbations, dyspnoea, quality of life, anxiety and depression, and exercise capacity. Seventy-one participants with bronchiectasis and 92 controls were included; 43 bronchiectasis participants completed follow-up. Females with bronchiectasis had lower appendicular muscle index (p = 0.018) and both sexes had lower bone mineral density compared to their control counterparts (p < 0.001). Osteopenia was 3 times more prevalent in females with bronchiectasis compared to their counterparts (54% versus 18%). Females with bronchiectasis have poorer lateral core endurance than those without (p ≤ 0.003). Leg strength was reduced in bronchiectasis compared to controls, regardless of sex (mean difference [95% CI] for males -25 [-50; -1] Kg and females -18 [-29; -7] Kg). Reduced leg strength is associated with worse dyspnoea, health related quality of life, and functional capacity over one year, explaining up to 33% of the variance (p ≤ 0.001). Individuals with bronchiectasis exhibit impaired muscle function and bone health, with leg strength showing a significant association with clinical outcomes over one year.

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are an important group of drugs widely used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. Studies indicate their beneficial effect on glycemic control and weight reduction, as well as potential involvement in bone metabolism modulation. The aim of this review was to evaluate the current knowledge regarding the impact of GLP-1RAs on bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk.A narrative literature review with elements of systematic searching was conducted, covering clinical and observational studies from 2015 to 2025. The available data indicate that GLP-1RAs do not cause a significant decrease in BMD compared to placebo or insulin glargine. Some studies observed a slight increase in bone resorption markers, which did not translate into clinically relevant decreases in BMD. Cohort studies data suggest a potential decreased risk of osteoporosis among GLP-1RA-treated population. Current literature confirms the overall safety of GLP-1RA therapy in the context of bone health, although further long-term studies are necessary to fully clarify their effects on bone microarchitecture and fracture risk.

Feasibility and preliminary outcomes of a Rebuilding Osteo Strength with Exercise (ROSE) program for women with breast cancer undergoing endocrine therapy.

Osteoporosis and conjugated bone disorders consider as a public health issue connected with deficiencies in nutrients like vitamin D3 and calcium. This case-control research looking to examine the relationship among serum vitamin D3 and calcium and their impact on bone health. The study results show a direct connection between decreasing vitamin D3 and problems with bones. The statistics even show that owning low amounts of vitamin D3 is more likely to cause bone disorders than having low levels of calcium. This review tempted the correlation among serum levels of vitamin D3 and calcium and bone health. The results show that a deficincy of vitamin D3 is strongly connected to a number of bone disorders, such as osteoporosis. Calcium is very important for healthy bones, but the levels of calcium in the blood don't look to be a good method to said if there are problems with bones. These findings shows the prominence of focusing on vitamin D3 concentrations in exhibition populations. More studies and researches are needed to learn about how calcium impacts the growth of bone illnesses.

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study aimed to identify associations of sarcopenia, obesity and low bone mineral density (BMD) with morning positional vertigo (PV) and to examine whether these associations differ according to vestibular function status in a nationally representative sample of Korean adults.MethodsWe analysed data from 8512 adults aged ≥ 40 years (50.03% women, mean ± standard error [SE] = 54.06 ± 0.19) who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008–2010. Morning PV was defined as severe vertigo when turning in bed or rising in the morning within the past year. Vestibular impairment was assessed using the modified Romberg test (eyes closed, standing on a compliant foam surface). Participants were classified into three groups: controls (no dizziness), morning PV with normal Romberg test results and morning PV with abnormal Romberg test results (suggesting vestibular dysfunction). Body composition—including appendicular skeletal muscle mass, fat mass and BMD—was measured. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 criteria, and abnormal BMD was defined as T‐score < 1.0. Weighted multinomial logistic regression analyses were adjusted for age, sex, income, comorbidities, lifestyle and psychosocial variables.ResultsThe weighted 1‐year prevalence of morning PV was 12.58% (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.38–13.89). Abnormal Romberg performance, indicating vestibular dysfunction, was present in 0.96% of all survey respondents and in 7.66% of those with morning PV. Participants with vestibular‐impaired morning PV were older (mean age ± SE = 66.47 ± 1.49), predominantly women, and had higher rates of sarcopenia (38.33%) and low BMD (86.39%) than controls. In adjusted models, sarcopenia independently predicted vestibular‐impaired morning PV (odds ratio [OR], 1.94; 95% CI, 1.14–3.29; p = 0.014). Sensitivity analysis restricted to current morning PV confirmed the association between sarcopenia and vestibular impairment (OR, 2.97; 95% CI, 1.08–8.12; p = 0.035) and demonstrated that lower BMD (minimum T‐score) was inversely associated with vestibular dysfunction (OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.25–0.99; p = 0.046).ConclusionsMorning PV is common among middle‐aged and older adults and is associated with systemic frailty markers, particularly sarcopenia and bone loss, in the presence of vestibular dysfunction. These associations were more pronounced in older adults, suggesting a vestibulo‐musculoskeletal interaction that may contribute to balance impairment and functional decline with aging. Screening for sarcopenia and bone health, along with vestibular and lifestyle interventions, may help reduce recurrent vertigo and improve functional aging.

Due to successful maternal antiretroviral therapy (ART), pediatric HIV infections have declined, leading to a growing population of children HIV-exposed uninfected (CHEU) in Sub-Saharan Africa. However, studies report poorer growth and development in CHEU versus children HIV-unexposed uninfected (CHUU), raising concerns about maternal HIV and ART exposure, particularly Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF). This analysis of data from the Gumba study compares growth trajectories, bone mineral accretion, and biochemical markers of growth and bone metabolism to age 18 months in Ugandan CHEU, exposed to maternal HIV and TDF-containing ART in utero and via breastmilk (n=85), and CHUU peers (n=80). The groups had similar weight and length 2 weeks after birth (WK2), but, despite higher exclusive breastfeeding rates, CHEU had slower growth by WK14 and ~0.5 kg lower body weight and fat mass by WK26. Growth faltering occurred in both groups from WK26, with widening differences: by WK78, 59% of CHEU were stunted compared to 33% of CHUU. CHEU had lower whole-body bone mineral content and bone area at WK14 and WK26 (Pinteraction: 0.03 and 0.0003 respectively), but similar whole-body areal bone mineral density before and after size adjustment, indicating accrued bone mineral was appropriate for their slower growth. There were no group differences in biochemical markers of growth or bone formation. However, CHEU had higher C-terminal telopeptide (CTX), a marker of bone resorption, at WK14 (group difference (95% confidence interval): +50.9 (24.1)%, P <0.001) coinciding with higher maternal CTX concentrations, and at WK78 (+45.6 (28.9)%, P <0.05). These findings suggest early onset growth deficits and altered bone metabolism in CHEU by 3 months of age, possibly linked to the TDF-containing ART initiated during pregnancy and/or disruptions in bone metabolism observed in their mothers. Further studies are needed to investigate the mechanisms and long-term implications for growth and bone health in CHEU.

The early postmenopausal period is characterized by accelerated loss of bone mineral density (BMD), underscoring the importance of modifiable lifestyle factors as potential targets for prevention. This study is a secondary analysis of the ELBOW trial, a 2-year longitudinal study of early postmenopausal Swedish women. We investigated the association between dietary intake, physical activity, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) with bone outcomes in 223 early postmenopausal Swedish women aged 50-60years. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 1year, and 2years. Diet and physical activity were assessed using validated questionnaires, and SCFAs were measured in plasma. Bone parameters, including total hip BMD, tibial volumetric BMD (vBMD), and bone microarchitecture, were evaluated using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). Associations were analyzed using linear mixed models for repeated measures. Higher baseline fiber intake was positively associated with trabecular bone volume fraction, while total fat was inversely associated with total hip BMD, total vBMD, and cortical area. Greater energy intake during follow-up was positively associated with cortical area. No associations were observed between bone characteristics and calcium or vitamin D intake. Baseline transport-related and changes in domestic/gardening activity were inversely associated with bone measurements. Among SCFAs, baseline levels of acetic acid, formic acid, and isovaleric acid were positively associated with bone outcomes, while changes in caproic acid levels were negatively associated. These findings suggest that specific dietary components and gut microbiota-derived metabolites may play a role in maintaining bone health during early postmenopause and highlight the need for further investigation into their preventive and therapeutic potential.

Bone health in an upper Midwestern health system: Years 2008-2015.

Risk factors for subsidence and loss of segmental lordosis segmental lordosisfollowing 1-3-level anterior cervical diskectomy and fusion for degenerative disease: A time-to-event analysis.