Hydroxyapatite Bone Research Articles

The Effect of Secretome, Xenogenic Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2, Hydroxyapatite Granule and Mechanical Fixation in Critical-Size Defects of Rat Models.

Recent studies have shown that human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) have several drawbacks in treating critical-sized bone defect (CSD). Secretome may offer considerable advantages over living cells in terms of potency, manufacturing and storing easiness, and potential as a ready-to-go osteoinductive agent. However, thus far, there are no studies regarding the efficacy of secretome in bone healing. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of the secretome in rat models with CSD. This was an experimental study with post-test only control group design using 60 skeletally mature Sprague Dawley rat which was divided evenly into 5 treatment groups (MSC only, Secretome only, MSC + Secretome, MSC + Secretome + BMP-2, Control group using Normal Saline). We used Bone Marrow derived MSC in this research. The critical-sized bone defect was created by performing osteotomy and defect was treated according to the groups. Rats were sacrificed on 2nd and 4th week and we measured the radiological outcome using Radiographic Union Score for Tibia (RUST) and histomorphometric (callus, osseous, cartilage, fibrous, and void area) evaluation using Image J. There was no difference in the weight of rats between groups before and after the intervention. RUST score in all intervention group is significantly higher than the control group, however, the MSC-only group was not statistically significant higher than the control group. There is no statistically significant difference in RUST Score between intervention groups.Histomorphometric evaluation showed that total callus formation is the widest in the MSC+Secretome+BMP-2 combination group while the osseous area is found highest on the secretome-only group. Secretome, whether used solely or combined with BM-MSC and BMP-2, is a novel, potent bone-healing agent for CSD in rat models.

Bovine bone-derived natural hydroxyapatite-supported ZnCl2 as a sustainable high efficiency heterogeneous biocatalyst for synthesizing amidoalkyl naphthols

Waste-derived materials have emerged as promising catalysts to meet the requirements for green chemistry. Catalysts and solvents are recognized as the most important components of the 12 principles of green chemistry. The reactivity of members of this class of materials can be increased by loading them with metal salts. Thus, in the present study, we loaded waste bovine bone-derived hydroxyapatite (BBHA) with 10−2 mol L−1 aqueous zinc chloride (ZnCl2) solution and used it as a catalyst for synthesizing 1-amidoalkyl-2-naphthols derivatives in a solvent-free, one-pot, three-component condensation method with 2-naphthol, aldehydes, and either urea or acetamides at a reaction temperature of 80 °C. First, we extracted natural hydroxyapatite from waste bovine bone by thermal decomposition at 800 °C for 2 h. The hydroxyapatite was then loaded with ZnCl2 and its physical and chemical characteristics were assessed. Second, the reaction conditions were optimized in terms of the catalyst loading, solvent, and reaction temperature. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the desired compounds were obtained with high yields (86%–96%) in only 25–40 min using a small amount of catalyst (50 mg). This proof-of-concept study demonstrates the potential use of a waste bone-derived natural hydroxyapatite-supported ZnCl2 catalyst with high yields and sustainability.

Sustainable phosphorus management in soil using bone apatite

Soil fertility and phosphorus management by bone apatite amendment are receiving increasing attention, yet further research is needed to integrate the physicochemical and mineralogical transformation of bone apatite and their impact on the supply and storage of phosphorus in soil. This study has examined bone transformation in the field over a span of 10-years using a set of synchrotron-based microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. Transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM) observations reveal the in-situ deterioration of bone osteocyte-canaliculi system and sub-micron microbial tunneling within a year. Extensive organic decomposition, secondary mineral formation and re-mineralization of apatite are evident from the 3rd year. The relative ratio of (v1 + v3) PO43− to v3 CO32− and to amide I increase, and the v3c PO43− peak exhibits a blue-shift in less than 3 years. The carbonate substitution of bone hydroxyapatite (HAp) to AB-type CHAp, and phosphate crystallographic rearrangement become apparent after 10 years’ aging. The overall CO32− peak absorbance increases over time, contributing to a higher acid susceptibility in the aged bone. The X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) binding energies for Ca (2p), P (2p) and O (1s) exhibit a red-shift after 1 year because of organo-mineral interplay and a blue-shift starting from the 3rd year as a result of the de-coupling of mineral and organic components. Nutrient supply to soil occurs within months via organo-mineral decoupling and demineralization. More phosphorus has been released from the bones and enriched in the associated and adjacent soils over time. Lab incubation studies reveal prominent secondary mineral formation via re-precipitation at a pH similar to that in soil, which are highly amorphous and carbonate substituted and prone to further dissolution in an acidic environment. Our high-resolution observations reveal a stage-dependent microbial decomposition, phosphorus dissolution and immobilization via secondary mineral formation over time. The active cycling of phosphorus within the bone and its interplay with adjacent soil account for a sustainable supply and storage of phosphorus nutrients.

Characterization of a high strength hydroxyapatite cement with dual chelate‐setting using phytic acid and citric acid

AbstractWith the development of biomaterials, a hydroxyapatite (HA) bone cement based on chelation has gradually attracted attention. This paper presents an investigation on the micromorphology and mechanical property of HA bone cement prepared by HA powders modified by inositol hexaphosphate (IP6, phytic acid). With the citric acid monohydrate (CA) solution used as setting liquid, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and universal testing machine were employed to investigate the influence of parameters including concentrations of CA as well as powder–liquid ratio on the properties of HA bone cement. In addition, the setting mechanism of chelating cement was analyzed. The results showed that when CA concentration was more than 20 wt.%, the curing products of IP6/CA dual chelating HA cement contained calcium citrate tetrahydrate and tricalcium phosphate (TCP) besides HA. The compressive strength of dual chelated cement increased with the CA concentration. With 10 000 ppm‐IP6‐HA used as the starting powder, the maximum compressive strength of bone cement prepared with 40 wt.% CA as the setting liquid was up to 57 MPa. Furthermore, the temperature, pH, antibacterial activity measurement, and cell studies in vitro were carried on, suggesting that chelate‐setting HA cement has potential development in orthopedic materials.

Wound healing efficacy of biocompatible hydroxyapatite from bovine bone waste for bone tissue engineering application

Extraction of biocompatible implantable biomaterials from bio-waste is a considerable strategy to protect environmental issues as well as human wellness. Hence, this work aimed to extract the hydroxyapatite (HAP) from beef bone (BB) by acid/alkali treatment, and calcination process. The hydrochloric acid (1 M), and sodium hydroxide (1 M) extraction followed by calcination at 600 °C for 5 h were facilitated to obtain the good quality of bovine bone-derived hydroxyapatite (BB-HAP). The characteristics of BB-HAP were demonstrated through XRD, FTIR, SEM, ICP-OES, and TGA analysis. The characteristics features of BB-HAP were compared with standard hydroxyapatite (Std-HAP). The FTIR spectrum confirmed the presence of carbonate and phosphate functional groups in BB-HAP, which is similar to Std-HAP. Further, XRD and SEM analysis confirmed the hexagonal crystalline structure of BB-HAP with size of 120 ± 12.5 nm. ICP-OES analysis evidenced the existence of Ca (40.42%), P (18.51%), Mg (0.55%), Na (0.22%), and Sr (0.05%) in BB-HAP. In vitro cytotoxicity assay confirmed that BB-HAP did not cause cytotoxicity to NIH3T3 cells, and augmented in vitro wound-healing activity. Hence, this study concluded that BB-HAP was biocompatible that would be used for the development of wound dressing and implantable material.

Activation of persulfate by swine bone derived biochar: Insight into the specific role of different active sites and the toxicity of acetaminophen degradation pathways

Recently, persulfate (PS) activation system has grown up as a primary branch of advanced oxidation processes, and biochar has been recognized as a potential nonmetal material in this field. However, few studies have focused on the corresponding relationship between actives sites on biochar and active species in AOPs. To pave this way, similar biochar (obtained from different pyrolysis temperature) with different functional structures were involved. In this study, biochar derived from swine bone (BBC) was applied in PS activation system to degrade acetaminophen (ACT). The results showed that both radical and non-radical pathway worked in the PS/BBCs systems, and the degradation rate (from 0.1042 to 0.4364 min−1) climbed with the increase of pyrolysis temperature (from 700 to 900 °C). To probe into the corresponding relationship between functional structure and active species, the effect of pyrolysis temperature on functional structure was analyzed. It came out that 1) defects could act as active sites for various active species; 2) persistent free radicals could do favor to the generation of 1O2 and O2−; 3) hydroxyapatite in swine bone only served as hard templet for the porous structure. ACT degradation process was measured by Liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer, and Scendesmus obliquus was applied to investigate the toxicity of PS/BBCs system. It illustrated that the existence of SO4− mainly contributed to the generation of high toxic intermediates (such as biphenyl and diphenyl ether) in the PS/BBCs system. Furthermore, the enhancement of adsorption capacity would mitigate the toxicity of PS/BBCs systems to some extent.

Hydroxyapatite cement cranioplasty for reconstruction of translabyrinthine approach: aesthetic results, long-term satisfaction, quality of life, and complications.

Translabyrinthine approaches (TLAs) for resection of skull base neoplasms are complex with variable reconstruction techniques. Fat grafts in conjunction with hydroxyapatite bone cement techniques have seldom been described in terms of possible superiority to other skull base reconstruction techniques. We sought to determine the impact of this skull base reconstruction technique on clinical outcomes and patient's satisfaction. We performed a retrospective analysis of all patients who underwent translabyrinthine approaches for resection of CPA lesions over a 5-year period. Both post-op objective and subjective markers of reconstruction, as well as postoperative complications, were collected and analyzed. Sixty-nine patients were included, 34 underwent reconstruction with hydroxyapatite and fat (rHAC) and 35 with fat alone (rF). rHAC was associated with fewer cranial wound superficial infection/dehiscence (0% vs 14.3%; p = 0.029) and shorter length of stay (mean ± standard deviation) (6.9 ± 7.4 vs 4.4 ± 3.7days, p = 0.008). Postoperative subjective characterization of rHAC demonstrated improved satisfaction scores (1.38 ± 0.5 vs 1.83 ± 1; p = 0.049) and fewer reports of post-operative irregularities (11.5% vs 37.5%; p = 0.017). The use of hydroxyapatite for cranial reconstruction after translabyrinthine approaches has improved patient satisfaction and decreased cranial defects in our small series. Postoperative complications are consistent with other described methods, but with shorter hospital stay, decreased risk of superficial wound dehiscence/infection, and a perceived superiority in preventing percutaneous post-op CSF leaks.

Effect of sintering temperature on composite hollow fibre membrane derived from hydroxyapatite cow bone and kaolin

A modern application of composite hollow fibre membrane derived from hydroxyapatite cow bone and kaolin has been developed in wastewater treatment. The common fabrication method, a process that combined both phase inversion and sintering technique was used to fabricate the membranes. The hollow fibers membrane were developed using the spinning process by using a dope that have ratio of 20:20 (kaolin:cow bone hydroxyapatite). The sintering temperature that used in this study are 1000 °C, 1100 °C, 1200 °C and 1300 °C. The effect of sintering temperature on hollow fiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 3-point bending and pure water flux. The results showed that the hollow fibre membrane sintered at 1200 °C showed a unique membrane’s morphology, the highest mechanical strength (13.33 Mpa) and a stable pure water flux (140.6 L/m2h).

Bioactivity Evaluation of Biphasic Hydroxyapatite Bone Substitutes Immersed and Grown with Supersaturated Calcium Phosphate Solution

Recently, the frequency of use of bone substitute materials for the purpose of bone augmentation has increased in implant treatment, but bone formation with bone substitute materials alone is limited. Calcification of bone in the body progresses as Ca2+, H2PO4-, and HPO42- in the body form hydroxyapatite (HA) crystals. In this study, therefore, we prepared a biphasic bone substitute with biological activity to promote bone formation by inducing precipitation and growth of HA crystals on the surface of a bone substitute and evaluated it. Biphasic bone substitute granules were prepared by immersing HA granules in a supersaturated calcium phosphate solution prepared by mixing five medical infusion solutions, the precipitate was analyzed, and the biological activities of biphasic HA granules were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. As a result, the precipitated calcium phosphate crystals were identified as low crystalline HA. On the surface of the HA granules, low-crystalline HA grew markedly as needle-shaped crystals and significantly promoted cell proliferation and bone differentiation. In animal experiments, biphasic HA granules had a significantly higher bone mineral density, new bone volume ratio, and new bone area ratio. Therefore, it suggests that biphasic hydroxyapatite is a useful bone substitute for bone augmentation in dental implant treatment.

Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Papilla Preservation Flap with or without Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite Bone Graft for Management of Periodontal Intrabony Defects: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Papilla Preservation Flap with or without Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite Bone Graft for Management of Periodontal Intrabony Defects: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

Mathematical modeling of the role of bone turnover in pH regulation in bone interstitial fluid

Background and aimsBone turnover is strongly affected by pH of surrounding fluid, and in turn plays a role in maintaining systemic pH, however the quantitative contribution of bone processes to pH regulation is not known. Our goal was to develop a mathematical model describing pH regulation in the interstitial fluid and to examine the contribution of hydroxyapatite dissolution and precipitation to pH regulation. Materials and methodsWe modeled twelve reversible equilibrium reactions of sixteen calcium, phosphate, hydrogen and carbonate species in the interstitial fluid and examined the buffering capacity and range. The effect of hydroxyapatite dissolution and precipitation was modeled by assuming that the calcium, phosphate and hydroxide contained in the bone volume adjacent to the interstitial fluid is instantaneously added to or removed from the interstitial fluid. ResultsThe carbonate buffer was found to dominate electrochemical buffering system of the bone interstitial fluid. Nevertheless, the phosphate added during dissolution of bone hydroxyapatite significantly improved the interstitial fluid buffering capacity. In contrast, hydroxyapatite precipitation had limited effect on the interstitial fluid pH regulation. ConclusionThis study provides mechanistic insights into the physicochemical processes underlying the known role of bone turnover processes in regulation of body pH homeostasis.

Three-dimensional printed hydroxyapatite bone tissue engineering scaffold with antibacterial and osteogenic ability

The development of an effective scaffold for bone defect repair is an urgent clinical need. However, it is challenging to design a scaffold with efficient osteoinduction and antimicrobial activity for regeneration of bone defect. In this study, we successfully prepared a hydroxyapatite (HA) porous scaffold with a surface-specific binding of peptides during osteoinduction and antimicrobial activity using a three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. The HA binding domain (HABD) was introduced to the C-terminal of bone morphogenetic protein 2 mimetic peptide (BMP2-MP) and antimicrobial peptide of PSI10. The binding capability results showed that BMP2-MP and PSI10-containing HABD were firmly bound to the surface of HA scaffolds. After BMP2-MP and PSI10 were bound to the scaffold surface, no negative effect was observed on cell proliferation and adhesion. The gene expression and protein translation levels of type I collagen (COL-I), osteocalcin (OCN) and Runx2 have been significantly improved in the BMP2-MP/HABP group. The level of alkaline phosphatase significantly increased in the BMP2-MP/HABP group. The inhibition zone test against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli BL21 prove that the PSI10/HABP@HA scaffold has strong antibacterial ability than another group. These findings suggest that 3D-printed HA scaffolds with efficient osteoinduction and antimicrobial activity represent a promising biomaterial for bone defect reconstruction.

English

Periapical surgery is the treatment of choice for a large periapical lesion with bone loss that occurs due to long standing untreated teeth affected by trauma, caries or in situations where there is an endodontic treatment failure. Failure of nonsurgical endodontic treatment may be due to peri radicular tissues incorporating with infections, foreign body response to filling materials, over instrumentation or over obturation which might have prevented complete periapical healing. We present here 2 case reports wherein, combination of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) and the hydroxyapatite (HA) graft was used to achieve rapid healing of large periapical lesions, and the treatment outcome concluded that PRF and hydroxyapatite bone graft accelerated the wound healing and induced the rapid rate of bone formation, which was confirmed radiographically. Untreated non-vital teeth generally result in bone destruction in periapical region, which may occur due to the spread of infection following pulpal necrosis, trauma or failed endodontic treatment. Surgical intervention is essential when endodontic treatment has failed and retreatment is not possible. Periapical surgery, Apicoectomy or root end resection endodontic surgery is a safe and well documented treatment alternative when teeth with periapical pathosis are not responding to conventional endodontic treatment.1 Periapical surgery removes periapical pathosis resulting in optimal wound healing with regeneration of the bone and periodontal tissue.

Titanium Cage in Comparison with Nano-Hydroxyapatite Bone Graft Substitutes in Cervical Reconstruction.

Cervical spondylosis is a disease that occurs with age and affects the discs and joints in the cervical spine located in the neck. The hydroxyapatite (HA) bone graft substitutes can used as a potential bone-forming agent, however, the efficacy of using HA is challenging in cervical reconstruction. In this regard, nano-based HA was used in this study to explore its sagittal parameters and clinical potency in relative to titanium (TiO₂) cage in patient with cervical spondylosis. 50 patients suffering from cervical spondylosis were divided in two groups and were grafted with either TiO₂ cage or nano-HA. The sagittal parameters, including cervical spine lateral radiographs (C0-2Coob and C2-7Coob) were taken pre- and post-operation (3-month, one-year and two-year). The clinical potency was also done based on the JOA scores. Angle analysis indicated that the C0-2Cobb and C2-7Cobb angles were significantly changed after the operation in both TiO₂ cage and nano-HA groups, whereas no significant changes was determined in nano-HA relative to TiO₂ cage condition. Also, it was shown that JOA scores were significantly higher after the operation than pre-operation, indicating a potential cervical reconstruction after surgery in both groups which slightly were higher for nano-HA groups.

Effects of Bone Powder Extracts with Different Hydroxyapatite Contents on Proliferation, Apoptosis, and Cell Phase of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

ABSTRACTBone powder with different contents of hydroxyapatite may have different effects on angiogenesis in bone defect areas. The effects of bone powder with different content of hydroxyapatite on proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle of vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were studied. In the experimental group, HUVECs were cultured in the incubator with different contents of hydroxyapatite bone powder extract. The experimental group was divided into four subgroups: group A had a low hydroxyapatite content of 10–15%; group B had a hydroxyapatite content of 25–30%; group C had a hydroxyapatite content of 80–90%; and group D had a hydroxyapatite content of more than 90%. The control group was treated with the culture of umbilical vein endothelial cells alone. Firstly, we used scanning electron microscope (SEM) to observe the morphology of bone powder with different hydroxyapatite content in normal condition. After that, we carried out a series of experiments to observe the changes of cell morphology, proliferation ability, apoptosis and cell cycle in different culture groups. The results showed that there was no significant difference in cell morphology and proliferation ability among different experimental groups. However, the apoptosis rate in group A was higher than that in group C. The underlying mechanism may be related to G1 arrest and G2 transformation in smaller and higher concentration groups, respectively. We can thus preliminarily conclude that a high concentration of hydroxyapatite in bone powder extract would be most suitable for cell cultures.

Clinical evaluation of 3D printed nano-porous hydroxyapatite bone graft for alveolar ridge preservation: A randomized controlled trial

Background/purposeRidge resorption after tooth extraction may result in inadequate bone volume and unfavorable ridge architecture for ideal implant placement. The use of bone substitutes has been advocated to fill extraction sites and to enhance primary implant stability. This study was made to evaluate the clinical efficacy of novel 3D printed nano-porous hydroxyapatite (3DP HA, test group) in comparison to nano-crystalline bone graft (NanoBone®, control group) in alveolar ridge preservation prior to implant placement.Materials and methodsThirty patients were randomized into two groups following tooth extraction. All extracted sockets were filled with 3DP HA or NanoBone® and covered with a non-resorbable membrane. After four months, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and intraoral scanner were used to measure dimensional changes of bone and soft tissue surface. Bone core specimens were harvested for histological analysis during implant osteotomy. Implant stability was assessed using a modified damping capacity analysis.ResultsAt four months postoperatively, dimensional changes in soft tissue surface resorption were less in the test group than in the control group; however, alveolar bone resorption was the same in both groups. Histological analysis revealed new bone formation, residual graft and fibrous connective tissue in both groups. The average primary implant stability (IST) value for both groups was approximately 70. There was no statistically significant difference in all parameters between two groups (p > 0.05).Conclusion3DP HA could potentially be used as an alternative bone graft material for alveolar ridge preservation.

Silver Coatings in Reconstructive Orthopaedics: Basic Science and Clinical Rationale

Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most devastating complications that can occur following total hip and total knee arthroplasty. Despite the remarkable advances that have been made in surgical techniques and implant technology, the incidence of PJI has remained largely unchanged over the past two decades. One approach that has been described in the literature to minimize the risk of PJI has been the use of silver-coated prostheses. Silver has been reported to have antimicrobial properties when added to a variety of orthopaedic materials including bone cement, hydroxyapatite coatings and wound dressings. Silver is also being increasingly used as a surface coating for endoprostheses used for reconstruction around the hip and the knee with the specific aim of reducing the incidence of prosthetic joint infection. Despite the increasing adoption of this technology, the use of silver coatings remains controversial. The optimal method for preparation and the thickness of the coating, as well as the mechanism(s) of action in reducing the incidence of PJI, are unclear. The issue of silver toxicity is also an important consideration. This paper provides an overview of the use of silver coatings in reconstructive orthopaedics, as well as the types available and techniques used to coat endoprostheses. We also review the basic science as well as the clinical applications of silver coatings in the prevention of PJIs.

Tissue-Engineered Hydroxyapatite Bone Scaffold Impregnated with Osteoprogenitor Cells Promotes Bone Regeneration in Sheep Model.

Managing massive bone defects, a great challenge to orthopaedics reconstructive surgery. The problem arise is the supply of suitable bone is limited with many complications. Tissue-engineered hydroxyapatite bone (TEHB) scaffold impregnated with osteoprogenitor cells developed as an alternative to promote bone regeneration. This animal protocol has been approved by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Animal Ethical Committee. The TEHB scaffold prepared from hydroxyapatite using gel casting method. A total of six adolescent female sheep were chosen for this study. Later, all the sheep were euthanized in a proper manner and the bone harvested for biomechanical study. Bone marrow was collected from iliac crest of the sheep and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) isolated and cultured. BMSCs then cultured in osteogenic medium for osteoprogenitor cells development and the plasma collected was seeded with osteoprogenitor cells mixed with calcium chloride. Bone defect of 3cm length of tibia bone created from each sheep leg and implanted with autologous and TEHB scaffold in 2 different groups of sheep. Wound site was monitored weekly until the wound completely healed and conventional X-ray performed at week 1 and 24. Shear test was conducted to determine the shear force on the autologous bone and TEHB scaffold after implantation for 24weeks. All of the sheep survived without any complications during the study period and radiograph showed new bone formation. Later, the bone harvested was for biomechanical study. The highest shear force for the autologous group was 13MPa and the lowest was 5MPa while for the scaffold group, the highest was 10MPa and the lowest was 3MPa. Although, proximal and distal interface of autologous bone graft shows higher shear strength compared to the TEHB scaffold but there is no significant difference in both groups, p value > 0.05. Histologically in both proximal and distal interface in both arms shows bone healing and woven bone formation. TEHB scaffold impregnated with osteoprogenitor cells has the potential to be developed as a bone substitute in view of its strength and capability to promote bone regeneration.

Case series of shrinking hydroxyapatite orbital implants

BackgroundAn orbital implant is used after enucleation or evisceration surgery to replace the volume lost and to aid in prosthesis fitting and movement. Different materials have been used through the...

Punica granatum mediated green synthesis of cauliflower-like ZnO and decorated with bovine bone-derived hydroxyapatite for expeditious visible light photocatalytic antibacterial, antibiofilm and antioxidant activities

In this work, novel Punica granatum peel extract-derived cauliflower-like ZnO decorated with bovine bone-derived hydroxyapatite (ZnO/HAP) composites were successfully synthesized via a facile eco-friendly method. Numerous analytical characterization methods were utilized to investigate the structural, morphological and optical properties of synthesized photocatalysts. Under visible light irradiation, the as-synthesized ZnO/HAP-5 composite demonstrated the highest antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) among all the tested products. The exceptional antibacterial performance of synthesized ZnO/HAP-5 composite was also noticed through the K+ and protein leakage, bacterial morphological change and cellular substance alteration. Additionally, catalyst recycling and bacterial regrowth experiments were conducted to determine the practicability of as-synthesized products in photocatalytic disinfection. The photocatalytic improvement of ZnO/HAP-5 composite can be ascribed to the efficient charge carrier separation and high H2O2 generation. Furthermore, the excellent antibiofilm performance of ZnO/HAP-5 composite was verified with microscopic examination, exopolysaccharides reduction and hydrophobicity index decline in E. faecalis biofilm. Finally, the synthesized ZnO/HAP-5 composite was found to inhibit the activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals efficiently. This work shed a light on the conversion of agricultural wastes into efficient photocatalytic materials for safe and practical water disinfection applications.