Body Temperatures Research Articles

The winter movements of two fish species in a temperate lowland river

Abstract Winter involves long periods of low water temperatures, with the activities and movements of many temperate fish species being reduced compared with summer. In very cold periods, individuals can become winter quiescent. The extent to which the activities and movements of many fish species reduce in winter is unknown, including how these decrease in relation to environmental conditions. Acoustic biotelemetry was applied here to measure the body temperatures and movements of European barbel Barbus barbus (barbel) across winter 2020/2021 and 2021/2022, and common bream Abramis brama (bream) in winter 2022/2023 in the River Severn, western Britain. Body temperatures of barbel were measured from 1.9 to 11.3 °C and bream 0.4 to 12.8 °C. The tagged fish generally remained active throughout the winters, including when water temperatures were at their lowest. The median total distance moved by bream was 106 km, which was higher than that measured in summer (103 km). Barbel moved less than bream and had total ranges that were similar in winter and summer (median range: 3.9 km in both seasons). These temperate fishes thus remained active throughout winter, did not become quiescent in the coldest periods, and their winter movements were similar to those measured in summer.

Regional Development Assessment and Policy Perspectives on Urban Residential Energy Efficiency Program in Morocco by 2030

Energy efficiency has emerged as a crucial focal point in global agendas, being recognized for its pivotal role in combatting climate change, bolstering energy security, and fostering economic growth. Governments worldwide are formulating ambitious targets and enacting comprehensive strategies to optimize energy utilization across various sectors. This involves the formulation of policies, provision of incentives, and facilitation of collaborations to encourage energy-efficient practices, ultimately steering towards a sustainable and energy-efficient future. Notably, the residential sector stands as a pivotal component in these efforts due to its substantial share of energy consumption. This paper evaluates the strategic vision of Morocco concerning energy efficiency within the residential sector from its inception to the projected initiatives up to 2030. The analysis focuses on the current iteration of thermal regulations and its implications. Although specific numerical outcomes are not discussed herein, the implementation of these regulations is observed to yield notable benefits, including reductions in energy bills and gains in annual primary energy. These advantages are estimated to result in a substantial decrease in final energy consumption, equating to significant savings for end-users. Additionally, to cover the expenses associated with building repairs and thermal enhancements, an extra fee is levied, varying based on building typology and climatic region. Despite this additional investment, the associated costs typically exhibit a favorable payback period, on average, underscoring the efficacy of regulatory and profitability measures in driving energy efficiency within the residential sector. This paper examines Morocco’s strategic approach to energy efficiency in the residential sector, focusing on its thermal building regulation RTCM (Moroccan thermal regulation on construction). Energy efficiency is recognized as essential for reducing GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions, enhancing energy security, and lowering costs. Using simulation models across six climatic zones and three residential building types, the study highlights RTCM’s significant impact—achieving national energy savings between 39% and 68%. Despite added costs for thermal improvements, the measures show favorable payback periods, confirming RTCM’s strong energy and economic performance and its potential role in shaping future policies.

Vertically Perforated Fired Clay Bricks: Thermal Characterization and Numerical Analysis

A comprehensive understanding of its thermal properties is essential to use Monomur brick as a thermal insulator effectively. To address this need, the thermal characteristics of Monomur brick samples were evaluated using experimental techniques. The obtained results include values for density, heat capacity, and thermal conductivity of the clay utilized, which are crucial for design decisions. Additionally, a comparative analysis was conducted using various experimental methods, with the measurements compared and revealing error estimates of less than 3% on one hand. On the other hand, the combined heat transfer mechanisms conduction, convection, and radiation across Monomur brick walls were examined utilizing the finite volume method in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The governing equations for incompressible flow are the energy equation in conjunction with the Navier-Stokes equations. Given the small temperature differences, the model uses the Boussinesq approximation, assuming the fluid's constant thermophysical properties, evaluated at the average temperature between the outside and interior spaces. Monomur brick surfaces are gray with diffuse reflection, and the top and bottom walls are adiabatic. The results compare the thermal performance of the Monomur brick wall, predicted by a simplified model, with those obtained from the present 3D numerical approach. The discrepancies in design thermal resistance and thermal transmittance between the two methods are analyzed and explained. The assessment of the wall’s thermal performance carried out following UNE-EN ISO 6946 and EN ISO 10211 standards, resulted in a relatively low thermal transmittance coefficient (0.710 W/m²K). This confirms the excellent insulating properties of the Monomur brick under study and its compliance with Moroccan thermal regulations in certain regions.

Development of a Color-Changing Face Mask for Fever Detection Applications

This study focused on developing a color-changing fabric face mask for fever detection. Reversible Thermochromic Leuco dye (RTL) was applied as an indicator to alert wearers of elevated body temperatures, with the color change occurring at 37.5 °C. Five fabric types Polyethylene (PE), cotton (CO), a cotton–polyester blend (TC), polyester (PL), and Polyamide (PA) were coated with blue RTL to evaluate their color change responsiveness. The results showed that fabrics with higher thermal conductivity (λ), thermal absorptivity (b), and heat flow (q) exhibited faster color transitions. RTL-coated PE fabric demonstrated the best performance, with a thermal absorptivity of 312.8 Ws0.5m−2K−1 and a heat flow of 2.11 Wm−2, leading to a rapid color-change time of approximately 4.20 s. Although PE fabric had a lower thermal conductivity (57.6 × 10−3 Wm−1K−1) compared to PA fabric 84.56 (10−3 Wm−1K−1), the highest thickness 0.65 mm of PA fabric slowed its color-change reaction to 11.8 s. When selecting fabrics for optimal heat transfer, relying solely on fiber type or thermal conductivity (λ) is insufficient. The fabric’s structural properties, particularly thickness, significantly impact thermal resistance (γ). Experimental results suggest that thermal absorptivity and heat flow are more effective criteria for fabric selection, as they directly correlate with color-change performance.

From Warm to Cold: Feeding Cold Milk to Preterm Infants with Uncoordinated Oral Feeding Patterns

Background/Objectives: Premature infants frequently experience feeding difficulties due to the disrupted coordination of sucking, swallowing, and breathing, increasing the risk of airway compromise. In adults with dysphagia, cold liquids can enhance swallowing by stimulating sensory receptors in the pharyngeal mucosa. We previously demonstrated that short-duration feeding with cold liquid significantly reduces dysphagia in preterm infants; however, the impact of an entire feeding with cold milk remains unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of cold milk feedings in preterm infants with uncoordinated feeding patterns and their impact on their feeding performance. Methods: Preterm infants with uncoordinated feeding patterns (n = 26) were randomized to be fed milk at either room temperature (RT) or cold temperature (CT) using an experimental, randomized crossover design. We monitored axillary and gastric content temperatures, mesenteric blood flow, and feeding performance. Results: There were no significant differences in mesenteric blood flow Doppler measurements or axillary body temperatures between the CT and RT feeding conditions. However, a reduction in gastric content temperatures of 3.6 °F and 2.7 °F was observed at one and thirty minutes following CT feeding, respectively. No evidence of cold stress, increased episodes of apnea or bradycardia, gastric residuals, or emesis was noted in infants during or after the CT feeding condition. Feeding performance outcomes did not differ significantly regarding milk transfer rate (p = 0.781) or proficiency (p = 0.425). However, the quality score on the Infant-Driven Feeding Scale (IDFS) showed a significant improvement following CT feeding (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Cold milk feeding can be a safe therapeutic option for preterm infants. This underscores the potential for further comprehensive investigations to evaluate cold milk feeding as an effective therapeutic strategy for managing feeding and swallowing difficulties in preterm infants. The study was registered at clinicaltrials.org under #NCT04421482.

Evaluation of heated sodium hypochlorite’s effect on the accuracy of contemporary electronic apex locators: an in vitro study

BackgroundAccurate determination of the working length (WL) is essential for successful root canal therapy. Although electronic apex locators (EALs) are widely used for this purpose, the impact of irrigant temperature on their precision remains poorly understood. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of variations in sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) temperature on the performance of modern EALs, with particular emphasis on the recently introduced EAL, Ai-Pex.MethodsTwenty extracted human teeth were embedded in alginate to simulate clinical conditions. WL was measured using four EALs (Root ZX Mini, Propex Pixi, Raypex 6, and Ai-Pex) under three NaOCl temperature conditions: 19.4 °C (± 1.5 °C), 36 °C, and 70 °C. A dental operating microscope was used to determine the actual working length (AWL). Deviations between electronic and AWLs were recorded, and statistical analyses were conducted using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square tests.ResultsAll EALs exhibited high accuracy, with deviations within ± 0.5 mm of AWL across all NaOCl temperature conditions (p > 0.05). Ai-Pex achieved 95% accuracy at room and body temperatures and 100% accuracy at 70 °C. Similarly, Root ZX Mini, Propex Pixi, and Raypex 6 demonstrated consistent performance, with no statistically significant differences in accuracy across temperature groups.ConclusionsThis study confirms that variations in NaOCl temperature do not significantly impact the accuracy of EALs in determining the WL for root canal therapy. These findings underscore the reliability of contemporary EALs under different clinical conditions, including the newly evaluated Ai-Pex. Further, in vivo studies are necessary to validate these results.

Experimental investigation of human local thermal sensation, skin temperature and skin heat flux of the lower human body under personalized heating conditions

Experimental investigation of human local thermal sensation, skin temperature and skin heat flux of the lower human body under personalized heating conditions

Short Communication: Thermotolerance and residual feed intake in Bos-Indicus crossbred beef heifers

Abstract This study investigated the relationship between thermotolerance and residual feed intake (RFI) in Bos indicus crossbred replacement beef heifers. In the summer of 2019, vaginal body temperatures were recorded from 99 heifers to identify the most and the least heat-tolerant animals based on changes in body temperature throughout the day. From a group of 99 heifers, 27 were ranked in the summer as either heat-tolerant (n = 14; thermotolerant) or least heat-tolerant (n = 13; non-thermotolerant) to enroll in a 42-d feed efficiency test conducted in the fall. The maximum body temperature minus the 0700 h body temperature difference between the groups was 0.19°C for thermotolerant and 1.2 for non-thermotolerant heifers (P < 0.01). In the fall, selected heifers (398 ± 11.3 kg of body weight [BW]; approximately 720 d of age) were randomly allocated into four concrete-floored pens, each with two GrowSafe feed bunks, and fed a common ad libitum total mixed ration (16.9% crude protein, 52% total digestible nutrients on a DM basis) for a 56-d period (14 d of adaptation followed by 42 d of evaluation). Body weight was collected on d -1, 0, 14, 28, 41, and 42, while fall body temperature was recorded (10 min intervals for 4 consecutive d) from d 29 to 32 of the study, using temperature probes placed intravaginally with a hormone-free controlled internal drug release device. Final BW, average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), DMI as a percentage of BW, RFI, and body temperature were analyzed as a completely randomized design. Final BW, ADG, DMI, and body temperature collected during the feeding period were not affected by thermotolerance phenotype (P ≥ 0.42); however, heifers previously classified as thermotolerant had decreased RFI (P = 0.01; -1.32 vs. 1.27 ± 3.31 kg, respectively) and DMI as a percentage of BW (P = 0.01) when compared with non-thermotolerant heifers. In conclusion, Bos indicus crossbred replacement beef heifers previously classified as thermotolerant based on multiple body temperature measurements collected throughout the summer had decreased RFI when measured in the fall, indicating the potential of feed efficiency in heat-tolerant beef heifers.

Two restraining devices in connection to surgical castration with or without local anesthesia: effects on piglet stress

BackgroundSurgical castration causes severe pain to young piglets. In addition, piglets experience intense stress from handling and restraining during the procedure. Furthermore, piglets must be restrained twice when receiving local anesthesia before castration, and the injections are painful. Unfortunately, strategies to reduce piglets’ stress during handling, local anesthetic injections, and painful procedures are limited and poorly understood. Thus, we randomized 179 male piglets aged 3 to 4 days to be restrained with either a commonly used commercial tubular bench with a dorsal restraining posture or a custom-made castration rack with a vertical restraining posture. Piglets received local anesthetic or sham injections (mimicking local anesthesia but without skin penetration) 10 min before castration. We then compared the effect of these devices on the piglets’ behavioral reactions, vocalizations, and body temperatures at the following four times: when restrained for the first time, when given local anesthetic injections or receiving sham injections, during the second time restrained, and during castration.ResultsPiglets were given higher mean reaction scores when restrained in the tubular bench than the castration rack. Piglets showed differing vocalization patterns in the two devices, with more grunts and screams in the castration rack and more squeals in the tubular bench. Moreover, local anesthetic injections resulted in higher mean reaction scores and longer vocalizations than sham injections during the injections/sham injections but reduced these measures during castration. After castration, the skin temperature was higher in sham-injected piglets than in piglets castrated with local anesthesia, irrespective of the restraining device used.ConclusionsLocal anesthesia reduced piglets’ reaction scores and vocalizations during castration. However, receiving local anesthesia was painful. Based on piglet behavior, restraining in a tubular bench was more aversive than in the castration rack. However, the devices affected the proportions of the different vocalization types during local anesthetic injections and castration in a manner we cannot fully explain. As the restraining method affects piglets’ behavior, it may influence pain assessment during local anesthetic injections and evaluation of local anesthesia efficacy during castration. Thus, less stressful methods to handle piglets are needed.

Vaccine Efficacy of a Replication-Competent Interferon-Expressing Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) Virus Against NADC-34 Challenge.

Background/Objectives: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) significantly impedes swine production due to rapid genetic variation and suppression of antiviral interferon (IFN) responses, leading to ineffective immunity. To address this, we developed IFNmix, a replication-competent PRRSV modified live vaccine (MLV) candidate co-expressing three Type I IFN subclasses (IFNα, IFNβ, IFNδ) to enhance antiviral immunity. Methods: In two independent in vivo experiments, we compared the protection of IFNmix and a commercial PRRSV MLV vaccine during challenge with a virulent PRRSV strain. Clinical signs, antibody and cytokine production, viral replication, and lung pathology in IFNmix-vaccinated pigs were compared to those of commercial PRRSV vaccines and controls. Results: Pigs vaccinated with IFNmix exhibited similar anti-PRRSV antibody development, serum viral loads, lung lesions, and cytokine responses post-challenge with the virulent NADC34 strain, with comparable or lower body temperatures and weight gain, to pigs vaccinated with the commercial vaccines. While IFNmix showed early viral load reduction compared to the commercial vaccine (Days 7-14 post-challenge), it demonstrated similar efficacy in controlling PRRSV replication and lung pathology. Conclusions: These findings suggest that IFNmix, by expressing multiple IFNs, can potentially enhance innate and adaptive immune responses, offering a promising approach to improving PRRSV vaccine efficacy. Further studies are needed to evaluate IFNmix against a broader range of PRRSV strains and to optimize its attenuation and immunogenicity.

Effects of Maternal Blood β-Hydroxybutyrate on Brown Adipose Tissue Functions and Thermogenic and Metabolic Health in Neonatal Calves.

Effects of Maternal Blood β-Hydroxybutyrate on Brown Adipose Tissue Functions and Thermogenic and Metabolic Health in Neonatal Calves.

Meloxicam and levamisole administration ameliorates FMD vaccination stress on frozen semen attributes in Sahiwal bulls

Vaccination-induced allergic reactions in bulls raise both body and testicular temperatures, leading to germ cell damage, epididymal dysfunction, accelerated testicular ageing, and increased sperm abnormalities that ultimately degrade semen quality. This study aimed to ameliorate vaccination stress and improve semen quality using meloxicam and levamisole. The present study was conducted at the Artificial Breeding Research Centre, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal, Haryana, with twelve Sahiwal breeding bulls that were divided into four groups: Group I (Control), Group II (Meloxicam), Group III (Levamisole), and Group IV (Meloxicam + Levamisole). Semen parameters were evaluated during pre- and post-vaccination. Treated groups showed significant improvement (p < 0.05) in initial progressive motility, live sperm, HOST, and acrosome integrity compared to the control, with the highest improvement observed in the combination group (meloxicam + levamisole). Sperm abnormalities, moribund, dead, apoptotic sperm, and lipid peroxidation were significantly higher in the control group. The meloxicam + levamisole group exhibited significantly lower (p < 0.05) sperm abnormalities and lipid peroxidation. Improvement was observed in semen quality with treatment (Meloxicam + levamisole-treated bulls) in percentage of live (+ 53.11%), moribund (− 33.83%), dead (− 36.70%), apoptotic spermatozoa (− 44.01%), and DNA fragmentation index (− 47.07%) in relation to the control groups on the 7th post vaccination day.

Warm nocturnal temperatures act as an ecological trap for a diurnal lizard

The effects of increasing nighttime temperatures remain underexplored, despite that nocturnal temperatures are rising at a faster rate than diurnal temperatures and are expected to negatively impact fitness‐relevant physiological processes such as clearing of metabolic wastes, repairing cellular damage, and growth. An initial response to warming environments is behavioral thermoregulation, which enables ectotherms to rapidly adjust to changing conditions. The behavioral responses of ectotherms to warmer diurnal temperature have been well‐documented; however, little is known about nocturnal thermoregulation. In this study, we experimentally assessed the impact of elevated nocturnal temperatures on retreat site selection and thermoregulation strategies in the diurnal common wall lizard Podarcis muralis. Using semi‐natural mesocosms, we exposed adult male lizards to two distinct nocturnal temperature treatments (control versus a ~ 4°C increase) and recorded their body temperatures continuously over two weeks with wearable temperature loggers. Lizards in the warmer treatment selected warmer nocturnal retreats and exhibited significant among‐individual variation in nocturnal site choice. Furthermore, there was no shift in selected diurnal temperatures to compensate for nocturnal exposure. Lizards in the warm treatment suffered greater reduction in body condition by the end of the experiment, suggesting that the behavioral response to warmer nocturnal temperatures does not mitigate the physiological costs. This study confirms the potential for nocturnal warming to create an ecological trap for diurnal species: lizards will select warmer temperatures when available at night, despite these behaviors being potentially maladaptive. Our findings underscore the need for further research on the long‐term impacts of nocturnal warming on fitness and the adaptive limits of plastic responses in diurnal ectotherms.

Automated sleep scoring in hibernating and non-hibernating American black bears.

Hibernating bears show remarkable metabolic suppression. Their decline in core body temperature (T b ) is moderate (from 38°C to 30-35°C), but their metabolism declines as much as 75%. To understand the role of sleep in this hypometabolic state, we recorded biotelemetrically EEG, EOG and EMG data over 3500 days from 16 captive American black bears in and out of hibernation under semi-natural conditions. This data set is too large to score manually for Wake, REM- and NREM sleep, so we tested two machine learning classifiers: (1) Somnotate trained on multiple one-day recordings, and (2) Somnivore, trained on a small subset from each recording. As automated scoring methods have not been applied to hibernating species before, a major concern is the effect changing brain temperature has on the EEG and on the machine learning based detection. Therefore, we selected reference data using consensus by 3 manual sleep scorers from each of 6 bears, two one-day recordings at the highest and lowest body temperatures during hibernation when T b was oscillating in multiday cycles, and a non-hibernating one-day recording in summer. Somnotate results were excellent when trained separately for hibernating and non-hibernating data. Training Somnotate separately for high and low T b within hibernation did not improve results further. Sleep times in hibernation were about 2x that in summer for both automated scores and manual scores (p<0.0001). There were no significant differences in occupancy of vigilance states between automated and manual scores in hibernation (p>0.05), but a small overestimate of sleep time in summer (p<0.05). Both applications yielded F-measures against manual scores in the 0.90-0.98 range. Outliers in the 0.67-0.88 range were correlated between the two applications, indicating that specific files are more challenging to annotate. We conclude that both applications have accuracies approaching that of manual scorers when trained on high quality data.

Heated Aquatic Shelters Reduce Infection Intensity but Not Prevalence of a Fungal Pathogen in Common Toad Tadpoles

ABSTRACTThe development of in situ applicable mitigation methods against diseases is an area in conservation biology that deserves more attention. The chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) causes chytridiomycosis, an infectious disease in amphibians. Although it is responsible for population declines and extinctions worldwide, no widely applicable mitigation method is available against the disease. The fungus has a lower thermal tolerance than most amphibian species, which raises the possibility of curing individuals with thermal treatments, an alternative that is likely safer to use under natural conditions than chemicals. Amphibians, being ectothermic animals, actively seek warm environments, so presenting them with the possibility of reaching their preferred body temperatures may be a mild but effective mitigation intervention. In this study, we tested whether providing a heated shelter for Bd‐exposed common toad (Bufo bufo) tadpoles, kept under seminatural conditions at different densities, helps the individuals to eliminate the infection or reduce its costs. We found that providing tadpoles with access to heated shelters decreased the intensity but not the prevalence of Bd‐infection, and that the density of tadpoles did not alter the beneficial effect of the treatment. The mean body mass of individuals was lowered when tadpoles were kept at high density, but the availability of heated shelters did not have an effect on the body mass of individuals. Our results suggest that the application of heated microrefugia may help Bd‐infected common toad tadpoles overcome the disease, but the device itself and its application both need further improvements. The use of heated shelters could become a cheap and widely applicable method for the in situ treatment of chytridiomycosis and other waterborne, cold‐adapted pathogens in nature conservation.

Daily and seasonal features in the hind limb withdrawal latency of tegus (Salvator merianae) and green iguanas (Iguana iguana).

Daily and seasonal features in the hind limb withdrawal latency of tegus (Salvator merianae) and green iguanas (Iguana iguana).

Optimizing embryo growth and broiler chick performance under thermal stress: The role of thyme and peppermint extracts in enhancing health and survival.

Optimizing embryo growth and broiler chick performance under thermal stress: The role of thyme and peppermint extracts in enhancing health and survival.

Electrocardiographic patterns of accidental hypothermia.

Electrocardiographic patterns of accidental hypothermia.

Impact of food availability on the thermal performance curves of male European green lizards (Lacerta viridis)

In a changing environment, characterized by human-induced rapid environmental change (HIREC), understanding the impacts of environmental stressors on reptile species is crucial. Preferred body temperatures (PBT) and thermal performance curves (TPCs) are comprehensive thermal physiology traits reflecting overall physiological performance and crucial for predicting species-specific responses to environmental changes. There is limited or conflicting information on how food availability affect the PBT and TPCs of lizard species, despite their significance in the context of the global decline in reptile species. The aim of this study was to experimentally investigate how food deprivation affects the PBT and TPCs of the European green lizards (Lacerta viridis). We exposed 30 adult male European green lizards to optimal and suboptimal food treatments. We assessed PBTs, and characterized the TPCs based on the thermal optimum (To), the maximum performance (Pmax) and performance breadth (B80) of the lizards. We found that food availability had a significant impact on preferred body temperature and locomotor performance. Lizards experiencing suboptimal conditions showed a preference for lower body temperatures, indicating an intention to minimize energy expenditure during fasting. Additionally, food-deprived lizards had wider B80 range, suggesting their thermal acclimatization to maintain effective performance across a broader temperature range. Our findings highlight the importance of food availability as a key environmental stressor influencing thermoregulation strategies. As habitat modifications and global warming continue, it is crucial to evaluate the impacts of these changes on species for the development of effective conservation strategies.

Fevogrit, a polyherbal medicine, mitigates endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide)-induced fever in Wistar rats by regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine levels.

Fever is characterized by an upregulation of the thermoregulatory set-point after the body encounters any pathological challenge. It is accompanied by uncomfortable sickness behaviors and may be harmful in patients with other comorbidities. We have explored the impact of an Ayurvedic medicine, Fevogrit, in an endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide)-induced fever model in Wistar rats. Active phytoconstituents of Fevogrit were identified and quantified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) platform. For the in-vivo study, fever was induced in male Wistar rats by the intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), obtained from Escherichia coli. The animals were allocated to normal control, disease control, Paracetamol treated and Fevogrit treated groups. The rectal temperature of animals was recorded at different time points using a digital thermometer. At the 6-h time point, levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 cytokines were analyzed in serum. Additionally, the mRNA expression of these cytokines was determined in hypothalamus, 24 h post-LPS administration. UHPLC analysis of Fevogrit revealed the presence of picroside I, picroside II, vanillic acid, cinnamic acid, magnoflorine and cordifolioside A, as bioactive constituents with known anti-inflammatory properties. Fevogrit treatment efficiently reduces the LPS-induced rise in the rectal temperature of animals. The levels and gene expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in serum and hypothalamus, respectively, was also significantly reduced by Fevogrit treatment. The findings of the study demonstrated that Fevogrit can suppress LPS-induced fever by inhibiting peripheral or central inflammatory signaling pathways and could well be a viable treatment for infection-induced increase in body temperatures.