A 3D point cloud dataset of Jining Qing Goats for segmentation analysis and body size measurement.

Prognostic value of abdominal obesity indicators for all-cause mortality in familial hypercholesterolemia.

While body mass index (BMI) is the most used measure of adiposity, it does not account for fat distribution. Novel indices, such as A Body Shape Index (ABSI) and Body Roundness Index (BRI), may better reflect cardiometabolic risk. However, their association with subclinical cardiac damage, particularly left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between novel adiposity indices (ABSI and BRI) and left ventricular mass (LVM) assessed by echocardiography in a large cohort of patients with hypertensive. We conducted a cross-sectional study including 724 hypertensive adults who underwent standardized anthropometric and echocardiographic assessments. Adiposity indices (BMI, waist circumference, ABSI, and BRI) were calculated, and left ventricular mass was indexed to body surface area and height2.7. Correlations and multivariate analyses were performed, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess diagnostic performance. All adiposity indices were significantly higher in individuals with LVH. BRI showed the strongest correlation with LVMH2.7 (r=0.423), particularly in women. In multivariate analysis, BRI remained significantly associated with LVMH2.7 in both sexes, while ABSI was not independently associated in men. ROC curve analysis demonstrated that BRI had the highest diagnostic accuracy for identifying LVH, outperforming BMI and ABSI, especially when LVH was defined using LVMH2.7. BRI outperformed traditional and novel adiposity indices in identifying LVH in hypertensive patients, particularly when LVM was indexed to height2.7. Given its superior diagnostic performance, BRI may represent a valuable tool in cardiovascular risk stratification, though further studies are warranted.

This study combines experimental and numerical approaches to investigate flow behavior downstream of bluff bodies placed at the mid-span of a rectangular sudden expansion configurations common in combustion chambers, burners, flame stabilizers, and chemical mixers. The three-dimensional, steady, incompressible, and turbulent flow was analyzed for varying Reynolds numbers, bluff body shapes (square, diamond, circular, triangular-arrow-left and arrow-right), sizes, and streamwise positions. Introducing a bluff body significantly modified flow field, intensifying adverse pressure gradients and delaying reattachment compared with configuration without a bluff body. The pressure recovery coefficient strongly depended on geometry; at Re = 74,200, the diamond body achieved a value 179% higher than that of the triangle–arrow-left configuration. Increasing bluff body size consistently reduced pressure recovery and increased losses, for instance, enlarging a cylindrical body by 2.2 times at Re = 93,734 increased the upper-wall pressure drop by 240%. Numerical simulations, validated against experiments with less than 2% deviation, revealed multiple recirculation zones and complex wake vortices that expanded with Reynolds number. Flow asymmetry occasionally appeared due to combined effects of geometry, size, and position. Drag increased with Reynolds number, with the triangle–arrow-right body producing the highest drag. Overall, the results demonstrate a strong dependence of sudden-expansion flow characteristics on bluff body parameters, providing valuable insights for optimizing engineering systems involving flow control and pressure recovery.

Prospective and experimental evidence supports beneficial effects of flavonoids on weight management and metabolic health, but their impact on specific adiposity parameters remains unclear. We aimed to investigate associations of total and subclasses of dietary flavonoids with adiposity markers, several of which have been linked to metabolic risk. We evaluated cross-sectional data from 11,568 adults recruited to the Fenland Study between 2005 and 2015 in Cambridgeshire, the United Kingdom. Habitual diets were evaluated using food frequency questionnaires. Flavonoid intakes were calculated mainly using the United States Department of Agriculture food composition databases. We examined associations using robust regression adjusted for relevant confounders and corrected for false discovery rate (FDR) for multiple flavonoids and adiposity parameters: body fat (BF) (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), visceral fat (VAT), subcutaneous fat (SCAT), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), VAT:SCAT ratio, and a body shape index (ABSI). Median flavonoid intake was 428 mg/d (interquartile range 258.5-568.6). Doubling in total flavonoid intake was inversely associated with BF [betalog2 -0.54% (95% CI -0.70; -0.40)]; VAT [-0.13 cm (-0.17; -0.08)]; SCAT [-0.05 cm (-0.08; -0.02)]; BMI [-0.33 kg/m2 (-0.44; -0.22)]; WC [-0.84 cm (-1.13; -0.55)]; and WHR [-0.004 (-0.006; -0.002)]. Most of flavonoid subclasses showed similar results, except isoflavones that were positively associated with BF, VAT and WC. Intakes of proanthocyanidins and anthocyanidins showed the strongest negative associations independently of BMI. Subgroup analyses resulted in stronger negative associations in women, older adults, and non-smokers. Flavonoids may influence adiposity, a potential pathway for the relationship between flavonoid-rich foods and metabolic risk. Proanthocyanidins and anthocyanidins may affect site-specific fat distribution, particularly visceral adiposity. Further investigation in prospective, interventional, and mechanistic studies is warranted to understand the link between flavonoids and adiposity.

Afrotropical inland waters remain poorly studied for rotifer diversity. Here, we provide new distribution data from Botswana and connect these local patterns to continental-scale biogeography using an Africa–Europe occurrence dataset. In Botswana, we analyzed rotifer species richness, functional traits, and environmental drivers using 37 samples from 15 water bodies spanning natural and anthropogenic habitats. We recorded 107 rotifer taxa: 92 identified to species or subspecies level and 14 to genus. Seventy taxa (~65%) are new records for Botswana, and one species, Donneria sudzukii, is reported for the first time in Africa. Physicochemical gradients explained community structure, with the first two constrained RDA axes accounting for 40.7% and 23.7% of variation. Axis 1 captured a mineralization gradient linked to total dissolved solids and temperature, whereas Axis 2 reflected oxygen concentration and pH. Traits tracked these gradients: warmer, more mineralized waters were associated with specific trophi types, compact body shapes, and intermediate body sizes, whereas less mineralized, better oxygenated sites were related to smaller taxa and alternative feeding morphologies. To place these trait–environment relationships in a broader geographic context, we then analyzed an Africa–Europe dataset (67,170 records) to quantify latitudinal patterns in thermal classes and morphological traits (geometric body shape and trophi type). Diversity showed clear latitudinal structuring: warm-water genera clustered at low latitudes, only Kellicottia and Didymodactylos had mean distributions above 50° N, and bdelloid families were associated with higher latitudes. Morphological traits also varied with latitude, with trilateral truncated pyramid body shapes and malleoramate trophi occurring closest to the equator. Overall, by combining new species-level data from Botswana with continent-scale occurrence patterns, we link local community assembly to macroecological structure in rotifer functional and biogeographical organization.

Measuring morphological disparity in fish body shape using geometric morphometrics: Gerreidae as a case study

This study aimed to assess depressive and anxiety symptoms after bariatric surgery and to identify clinical, socioeconomic and psychosocial factors associated with postoperative psychological outcomes. This cross-sectional study included 300 adults who had undergone bariatric surgery at least 12 months previously (172 sleeve gastrectomy and 128 gastric bypass). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and anxiety symptoms using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Psychosocial factors were assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ), Emotional Eating Scale (EES) and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). Socioeconomic status, psychotropic medication use and percentage of total weight loss (%TWL) were recorded. Group comparisons, correlation analyses and multivariable linear regression were performed. Patients who underwent gastric bypass reported significantly higher depressive and anxiety symptoms compared with sleeve gastrectomy patients (PHQ-9: 9.7±4.2 vs 7.3±3.7; GAD-7: 8.5±4.0 vs 6.5±3.9; both p<0.01). Greater %TWL was inversely associated with depressive (r = -0.29, p<0.001) and anxiety symptoms (r = -0.24, p<0.001). Participants with struggling socioeconomic status had higher PHQ-9 scores than those with comfortable status (10.4±4.5 vs 7.1±3.4; Cohen's d=0.73), and psychotropic medication users reported greater symptom severity than non-users (PHQ-9: 10.8±4.3 vs 7.3±3.6; p<0.001). Depressive and anxiety symptoms were moderately correlated with lower self-esteem (RSES), greater body image dissatisfaction (BSQ), higher emotional eating (EES) and lower perceived social support (MSPSS) (all |r|=0.30-0.55). In multivariable regression, surgery type, %TWL, socioeconomic status and psychotropic medication use independently predicted depressive symptoms, with the model explaining approximately 33% of the variance. Bariatric surgery affects physical and mental health. Gastric bypass patients report more depression and anxiety, sleeve gastrectomy boosts self-esteem, and weight loss improves well-being, though social and medication factors raise psychological risk.

This study compared the predictive capacity of traditional and novel obesity indices for stroke subtype risks across sexes and glucose metabolic statuses, addressing limitations of current anthropometric tools. A retrospective cohort of 398 270 UK Biobank participants who were stroke free was analyzed. Eight novel indices-weight-adjusted waist index, a body shape index, body roundness index, visceral adiposity index, conicity index, lipid accumulation product, waist-to-hip ratio, and waist-to-height ratio-were compared with traditional measures (body mass index, waist circumference). Cox proportional hazards and Fine-Gray competing risk models generated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs, stratified by sex and glucose status. Predictive discrimination was assessed via Harrell's C-statistic. Novel indices outperformed traditional metrics for total and ischemic stroke. Weight-adjusted waist index showed the strongest associations: men in the highest quartile had a 25% increased ischemic stroke risk (HR, 1.25 [95% CI, 1.11-1.36]); women had a 36% increased risk (HR, 1.36 [95% CI, 1.20-1.57]). For ischemic stroke prediction, weight-adjusted waist index significantly surpassed body mass index in both sexes (C-statistics: men, 0.712 [95% CI, 0.705-0.720] versus body mass index, 0.688 [95% CI, 0.680-0.696], P<0.0001; women, 0.748 [95% CI, 0.739-0.757] versus body mass index, 0.726 [95% CI, 0.717-0.735], P=0.0007). No significant associations were observed for hemorrhagic stroke. Weight-adjusted waist index exceeds conventional obesity metrics in predicting cerebrovascular events, with robust performance across sexes and glucose-regulated populations. Findings support sex-specific adiposity assessment in stroke prevention, particularly for ischemic subtypes in normoglycemic individuals.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is driven by complex immune and inflammatory mechanisms. Visceral adiposity, a key contributor, worsens inflammation, immune dysregulation, and insulin resistance. This study examines correlations between inflammatory genes, insulin resistance markers, and inflammatory markers across visceral adiposity levels in patients with MASLD. This cross-sectional study included 102 patients with MASLD. Assessments included body mass index, visceral adiposity index (VAI), a body shape index (ABSI), inflammatory markers, gene expression from peripheral white blood cells, and serologic inflammatory proteins. We calculated insulin resistance markers, such as homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, and neutrophil-to-HDL ratio (NHR). Pearson correlation coefficients evaluated parameter associations between low and high VAI and ABSI groups. The higher VAI group presented with some elevated markers, such as HOMA-IR (5.21 ± 3.42 vs. 4.34 ± 4.62), TG/HDL-C (4.08 ± 1.97 vs. 2.20 ± 1.07), TyG (9.03 ± 0.48 vs. 8.70 ± 0.51), and NHR (1.86 ± 0.75 vs. 1.45 ± 0.64) compared with the low VAI group, indicating potentially greater insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1and interleukin-6 genes were strongly correlated in the low VAI group (R = 0.94, P < 0.001) but more weakly correlated in the high VAI group (R = 0.63, P < 0.001). These findings highlight differential immune changes across visceral adiposity levels in MASLD, supporting the need for tailored interventions based on adiposity profiles.

This study examined early adolescent interpersonal aggression, subsequent conflict with parents, and aggression toward close peers as predictors of accelerated biological aging by age 30. Participants (N = 123; 46 males and 75 females) were assessed repeatedly, along with parents and close friends, ages from 13 to 30. Early adolescent interpersonal aggression was found to predict later accelerated aging even after accounting for adolescent gender, family income, prior health difficulties, and body shape ratings in adolescence. Path analyses suggested that the effects of early interpersonal aggression were potentially mediated via higher levels of father-adolescent conflict reported by fathers in adolescence and by aggressive behavior toward close peers as reported by those peers in early adulthood. Follow-up analyses suggested that these same factors also predicted adult body mass index scores after accounting for body shape in adolescence. Results are interpreted as evidence that social difficulties with lifelong health implications may be identified beginning in early adolescence, thus highlighting the potential importance of early interventions to address these difficulties. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Background: Assessment of body-related perceptual disturbances is important in adolescent girls. Objective: This pilot exploratory study investigates distortion and dissatisfaction related to trunk symmetry perception in a non-clinical sample of female adolescents using Scoliosis 3D, a virtual reality-based tool. Methods: Entry criteria were females aged 12–18 years with no scoliosis or other spinal deformities confirmed by clinical examination. Thirty participants (mean age 15.03 ± 1.30 years; mean Body Mass Index [BMI] 22.88 ± 4.68 kg/m2) were evaluated using the virtual reality application, the Body Esteem Scale, and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire–25. Virtual reality-based indicators were derived from participants’ selections of perceived and desired trunk symmetry and their comparison with actual clinically assessed trunk alignment. Results: The difference between estimated current and actual body shape (trunk symmetry distortion) was significant (p = 0.001), as was the difference between estimated current and desired body shape (trunk symmetry dissatisfaction, p = 0.001). Conclusions: These findings provide preliminary evidence supporting the feasibility of Scoliosis 3D for exploratory assessment of perceptual discrepancies related to trunk symmetry in healthy adolescent females. Participants frequently misperceived their current trunk symmetry and experienced dissatisfaction with it, with higher distortion and dissatisfaction associated with a less positive attitude toward physical condition.

Stroke is the second leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. A body shape index (ABSI) is calculated as waist circumference / (body mass index 2/3 × height 1/2). The TyG-ABSI is calculated as the product of the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) and ABSI. To date, no studies have investigated the relationship between TyG-ABSI and stroke. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to fill this gap. This multi-centre cross-sectional study included 14,394 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles 2007-2018 and 10,869 participants from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) performed from 2015-2016. The potential association between TyG-ABSI and stroke was investigated using multivariable logistic regression, supplemented by subgroup analyses, restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression and threshold effect analyses. Pearson correlation analyses and Boruta's algorithm were applied to select features. Subsequently, the discriminative ability of TyG-ABSI for stroke was assessed using seven machine learning models and the SHAP algorithm. After adjusting for sufficient covariates, the Odds Ratio (OR) for TyG-ABSI was 1.186 (95% CI: 1.027-1.370) in NHANES and 1.189 (95% CI: 1.058-1.336) in CHARLS. Subgroup analyses revealed that this association was more pronounced in non-elderly individuals without hypertension in NHANES. The RCS regression showed a linear relationship between TyG-ABSI and stroke, but no threshold effect was observed in two populations. Among the seven machine learning models, the Gradient Boosting Machine (GBM) performed the best, with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.784 (95%CI:0.751 - 0.817) in NHANES and 0.651(95%CI:0.604 - 0.699) in CHARLS. This study demonstrates a positive association between TyG-ABSI and stroke. The results suggest that TyG-ABSI is a relatively valuable indicator associated with stroke and can improve the development of public health policies.

This article presents three yeshiva students who developed anorexia due to a desire for religious asceticism and spiritual elevation, leading them to a life-threatening condition that required hospitalization. These young men do not fit the classical description of anorexia nervosa, as they did not initially seek to change their body shape. The article reviews historical instances of self-starvation: fasting before religious revelations, fasting as a form of atonement, prayer, and drawing closer to God, fasting as a means of detaching from the material and physical world, fasting to escape feminine burdens and marriage, and later, fasting as a sign of demonic possession or, finally, as a recognized symptom of illness. Contemporary sacred anorexia can remain elusive, making awareness of this subgroup essential for healthcare providers. Cultural sensitivity and the involvement of community leaders can facilitate treatment.

Planarian behavioral screening is a useful invertebrate model for evaluating seizurogenic chemicals.

Inaccurate body size estimation (BSE), the discrepancy between an individual's actual and perceived body size and shape, is observed not only in clinical conditions like eating disorders and body dysmorphic disorder but also in healthy individuals. Understanding the neural mechanisms that support BSE is timely, given growing interest in perceptual biases and their potential relevance for identifying mechanisms that may be disrupted in clinical populations. However, the field has an incomplete understanding of brain systems functionally involved in BSE ability. To address this, we performed a systematic review, accompanied by a narrative synthesis, to identify brain regions associated with BSE across studies of healthy individuals. Studies using functional neuroimaging were selected if they elicited BSE with a task, contrasted BSE with a control task, and used whole-brain analyses (rather than being restricted to a priori regions of interest). This yielded a set of nine functional magnetic resonance imaging papers. There is relatively consistent involvement of ventral (fusiform/occipitotemporal regions) and dorsal (intraparietal areas) visual pathways, and discrete regions of the prefrontal cortex, suggesting recurring engagement of perceptual and higher-order cognitive systems during BSE. However, current knowledge is limited by the small number and heterogeneity of available studies. We identify both consistent and variable neural correlates of BSE, offering refined targets for future investigations of BSE in clinical populations. Based on these findings, we additionally provide specific suggestions for improving neuroimaging task design for future studies.

"You're too this, you're too that": Memorable messages from family members about Cuban, Dominican, and Puerto Rican women's bodies.

Associations between exposure to environmental pollutants, metabolic syndrome risk, and obesity-related anthropometric indices.

Triglyceride glucose-a body shape index (TyG-ABSI) as a potential indicator for cognitive impairment: Results from two nationally representative cohort studies.

Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide and often co-occurs with various metabolic disorders. The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and A Body Shape Index (ABSI) are independently associated with depression, but their combined effect remains unexplored. This study aims to examine the relationship between the integrated index TyG-ABSI and depression within a nationally representative sample. This cross-sectional analysis included 12,910 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2005 and 2018. TyG-ABSI was calculated as TyG×Waist Circumference (WC)/ [Body Mass Index (BMI)2/3×height1/2]. Depressive symptoms were defined as a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score≥10. We utilized weighted multivariate logistic regression, restricted cubic splines (RCS), and subgroup analyses to assess the relationships while controlling for various demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and clinical variables. Elevated TyG-ABSI was independently associated with increased depressive symptom risk (Q4 vs. Q1: OR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.30-2.37), particularly among non-diabetic individuals. RCS analysis indicated a linear dose-response relationship in the overall population (P<0.05). A non-linear association was observed in females (P=0.021), while a significant linear relationship was found among those with a high school diploma/GED or less (P<0.001). Our findings demonstrate a significant association between the TyG-ABSI index and the risk of depressive symptoms among adults in the United States. These findings highlight the importance of incorporating both metabolic and visceral obesity metrics when evaluating mental health outcomes. Further research is needed to establish causality and elucidate mechanisms.