Assessment of Heavy Metal Accumulation in Commercially Important Spiny Lobster Species from the Bay of Bengal and Implications for Consumer Health Risks.

EaglePlex: Three STR multiplex panels optimized and validated for forensic identification and sex determination of Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) and Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos ).

The integration of multimodal sensors, energy harvesting, and storage modules facilitates the advancement of intelligent wearable electronic products. However, existing modular construction strategies have low integration levels, leading to cumbersome devices that may compromise the stability and reliability of signal acquisition. Here, we propose an all-in-one design strategy by integrating the three modules into a single polymer substrate prepared via laser-induced graphene technology to construct a fully integrated self-powered multimodal sensing system. This sensing system consists of bioenergy harvesting modules (lactate biofuel cells), flexible energy storage modules (Zn/MnO2 batteries), and multifunctional sensing modules (glucose, ascorbic acid, electrocardiogram, and electromyography). As a proof-of-concept application, the self-powered system is demonstrated to be worn on various parts of the human body for the real-time monitoring of health.

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) can significantly affect treatment adherence, viral suppression and contribute to HIV-related morbidity and mortality. ADRs to long-term ART use is not well understood in resource-constrained countries like Nigeria. This study identified the determinants and outcomes of ADRs to ART among PLWHA in Nigeria. Secondary data analysis of the 2014 to 2018 National Pharmacovigilance records was conducted using 3,397 individual case safety reports (ICSRs). The outcome variables were the actual adverse drug reactions reported (e.g., headache, dizziness, anaemia) and the seriousness of the ADR (Serious vs. Non-serious ADR). In contrast, the explanatory variables included the patient's age, sex, weight, duration of ADR, concomitant medicines used, and ART regimen. ADRs were determined using the WHO System Organ Classification, which groups ADRs by the organ system or body part affected. Data were analysed using multivariate logistic regression, with a p-value set at 5%. The mean age of the participants was 34.7 ± 11 years, and the majority were female (71.5%). The most commonly reported ADRs were neuropsychiatric disorders (29.8%), skin and appendage disorders (17.1%), peripheral nervous system disorders (6.7%), musculoskeletal disorders (4.3%), and anaemia (2.1%). On multivariate analysis, factors associated with development of neuropsychiatric disorders were female were female gender (AOR = 1.43, 95% CI (1.20-1.71): p < 0.001), Efavirenz-based therapy (AOR = 5.58, 95% CI: (4.41-7.05) p < 0.001), older age [16-35 years [AOR = 3.34; 95% CI: (1.72-6.48); p-value: <0.001, [36-50 years: AOR = 2.32; 95% CI: (1.19-4.52); p-value: 0.014; > 50 years AOR = 2.77; 95% CI: (1.36-5.63); p-value: 0.005] Use of Tenofovir [AOR = 1.65; 95% CI: (1.20-2.30); p-value: 0.002], and Zidovudine [AOR = 1.44; 95% CI: (1.13-1.85); p-value: 0.003] were associated with cutaneous adverse drug reactions. Anaemia was associated with the use of Zidovudine [AOR = 32.56; 95% CI: (4.41 - 7.05); p-value: <0.001], but was inversely associated with cotrimoxazole use [AOR = 0.58; 95% CI: (0.42- 0.79); p-value: 0.001]. Some (22%) of the patients recovered from ADRs; 1.2% were fatal, while 71.5% outcomes were unknown. ADRs were common among ART patients in Nigeria., with female gender, older age and types of ART regimen being major determinants of ADRs Active surveillance is necessary to ensure early detection of ADRs among patients on ART and thereby prevent ART-associated morbidity and mortality.

Steel 22MnB5 is widely used in the automotive industry for manufacturing high-strength structural car body parts. To achieve desired mechanical properties, hot-stamping is used, during which the Al-Si coating plays a critical protective role against oxidation. This study investigates the structural evolution of the Al-Si coating under various austenitization durations at 920 °C. Intermetallic phase formation and coating morphology are analyzed.

Occupational injuries among firefighters significantly impact their job performance. To reduce these injuries and enhance their professional capabilities, this study investigates and comprehensively evaluates the factors contributing to occupational injuries among frontline firefighters in China. It analyzes the underlying mechanisms of these injuries and proposes preventive strategies. This study employed questionnaire surveys and factor analysis methods to conduct a comprehensive investigation and comprehensive assessment of occupational injuries and their influencing factors among 200 firefighters in China. The research subjects were randomly selected from the grassroots firefighters in cities of FuJian Province. Among them, 179 firefighters successfully completed the questionnaire survey. Through exploratory factor analysis, the key factors influencing firefighters' injuries were identified. The injury rate among the participating firefighters in 2023 was 40.78%. The highest injury rate was observed during daily training (58.52%). Notably, the injury rate tends to decrease with increasing age. The most common types of injuries were sprains and strains (57.10%), with the knee joint exhibiting the highest incidence of injury among all body parts (47.00%). The primary factors influencing occupational injuries among firefighters include training factors, support factors, educational factors, and mental health factors, which collectively account for a variance contribution rate of 79.56%. Training, support, educational, and mental health factors are the 4 primary influences on firefighters' occupational injuries. The administrative department should strengthen the study and practice of physical fitness theory for firefighters, prioritize the prevention of occupational training injuries, enhance the scientific rigor of training programs, and promote the occupational health of firefighters. Med Pr Work Health Saf. 2026;77(1):1-10.

Somatosensation connects animals to their immediate environment, shaping critical behaviors essential for adaptation, learning, and survival. Probing the relationships between somatosensory inputs and behavior in mice presents substantial challenges, primarily due to the practical difficulties of delivering stimuli to the skin during movement. To address this problem, we have developed a system for precise cutaneous stimulation of mice as they walk and run through environments. The system employs real-time body part tracking and targeted optical stimuli, offering precision while preserving the naturalistic context of the behaviors studied, thereby overcoming the traditional trade-offs between precision and animal behavior. We demonstrate the system from nociceptive testing conducted in standard small chambers to behavior in large complex environments, such as mazes. We observed that cutaneous inputs evoke rapid responses, which modify behavior when stimuli are applied during motion. This system provides a means to explore the diverse and integrative nature of somatosensation, from reflexes to decision-making, in naturalistic settings.

Unilateral or bilateral paired data are often encountered when people receive treatment for paired organs or body parts. Compared with using only unilateral or bilateral data alone, the utilization of combined data can provide additional information. With combined unilateral and bilateral data, this article aims to propose three statistical tests and three confidence interval methods of relative risk ratio in a stratified design under Dallal’s model. Our simulation results show that the score test has a more robust type I error rate compared to other tests in all cases. Meanwhile, the confidence interval method based on the score test always provides coverage probability close to the nominal level and satisfactory coverage width. Finally, two real examples of otolaryngology and myopathy are applied to illustrate the application of the proposed tests and confidence interval methods.

Background: Photo anthropometry is a scientific method that involves using photographs to analyze the proportions of various body parts and to obtain measurements, which can vary significantly across different racial groups. This study aimed to explore photo-anthropometric variations by evaluating the nasofrontal and nasal tip angles of the external nose in Bengali and Manipuri adult males residing in Bangladesh. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was carried out in the Department of Anatomy at Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, Sylhet, between January 2022 and December 2022. Fifty (50) Bengali and fifty (50) Manipuri adult males, aged 25 to 59 years, were chosen through convenient sampling. Photoanthropometric methods were used to collect data from the Sylhet region. The results were presented as mean ± standard deviation, and the two-sample mean "Z" test was employed to compare findings between the groups. Results: The angular measurements of the external nose, the nasofrontal and nasal tip angles, were significantly higher in Manipuri adult males compared to Bengali adult males (p£0.05). Conclusion: The findings of this study will be valuable in the fields of Anatomy, Plastic Surgery, Forensic Medicine, Genetics, and Anthropology for purposes such as identification, planning corrective surgical procedures, and designing nasal models for different ethnic groups. Journal of Brahmanbaria Med. Coll. Volume 07 Issue 02 July 2025 ; 3-7

On the back of syphilis mountain candelila grows, 2019, installation view, candelila wax, beeswax, red clay, cement, paint, grow lights, oil barrel, stagnant water, dried and living candelila plants. This installation was part of a 3 person exhibition titled Candelila, Coatlicue, and the Breathing Machine with Beatriz Cortez and Fernando Palma Rodríguez curated by Laura Copelin at the Ballroom Gallery in Marfa, Texas. This work looks at the plant candelila (Euphorbia antisyphilitica) which grows along the US Mexico border and is used as a food additive and ingredient in cosmetics. Historically the plant was thought to be used as a treatment for syphilis. Processing the candelila plant for its wax is a labor-intensive process that is often begun on the Mexico side of the border, using a split open oil barrel embedded in a hillside, filled with water brought to boiling with a fire dug below. The raw wax is then traded to the US where it is refined and used for various products including those for cosmetics and skin care. The wax spilling out from the oil barrel in my installation pours out in endless rivulets in which one can also see a foot, nose, lip, hand, and other human body parts. Much of my research this past decade has been around a materialist history of contagion--the way that issues of hygiene and disease are tied to colonial projects (in infrastructure, medicine, military warfare, etc.) and accompanied by racializing rhetoric. One aspect of this research I have made past bodies of work about is the processes of filtration and refinement that have used racialized materials like porcelain or bone charcoal (also known in art material form as bone-black pigment). The bone-black mural painted in the installation features a close up of the bent over back of a syphilitic patient from an old medical journal, abstracted to look like a landscape of a far-off mountain.

Epizoic-host species interactions in subterranean environments are rare and poorly understood. A little-known case of epizoic-host interaction involves flatworms (Temnocephalidae) and large subterranean crustaceans (cave shrimps of the family Atyidae and amphipods of the genus Niphargus ) living along the Dinaric Karst. The taxonomy and distribution of Dinaric temnocephalids were thoroughly studied in the previous century. There are 15 subterranean temnocephalid species living on different crustacean species in the area. However, analyses of associations between epizoic and host species, as well as co-occurrence of epizoic species, are lacking. In this study, we extracted literature data and analysed epizoic-host interactions using network analysis, complemented by co-occurrence patterns among temnocephalid species. The network analysis indicates low host specificity between temnocephalids and crustaceans; one species is specialized on Niphargus , whereas the others attach to different cave shrimp species. Of these, only one species seems to be specialized to a specific host body part, while the rest can attach to different body parts of cave shrimps. The analysis of co-occurrence patterns implies that many temnocephalid species pairs generally compete for their hosts. We conclude that epizoic-host specificity in subterranean temnocephalids, detectable at the order level, evolved long ago, and that most species cannot be highly specialized due to oligotrophic conditions in caves. As a result, there is substantial competition among them for a host. We discuss potential caveats of the study based solely on the literature and provide a roadmap for future research.

Wearing wearable devices has become a part of daily life for many people worldwide. Wearables provide various applications, including health monitoring, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation. Since wearable devices are in close contact with the human body, considering human factors aspects during the design and development stages is essential for the success of future wearables. This research aims to assess the optimal body part for medical wearable sensors’ placement based on the wearable’s expert opinion questionnaire. The study focused on four main categories: cardiovascular monitoring, neuromuscular monitoring, biofluids, and gait disorders, considering three placement criteria: comfort, accuracy, and simplicity. Corresponding to the findings, there is a gap between the recent research outcomes and the experts’ answers. In particular, the answers to the questions related to the placements of wearable sensors for neurological and gait disorders were limited to the traditional clinical diagnosis techniques. This could be attributed to insufficient knowledge and collaboration between engineers and medical professionals. This highlights the need for a systematic way to evaluate the wearability of wearables based on their performance alongside wearability criteria by establishing a wearability assessment human-centric framework for each wearable sensor application supported by clinical studies and experimental data, which could reduce the time for development and commercialization of accurate, reliable, and comfortable wearable medical devices.

ABSTRACT The study examined how pre-service teachers (PSTs) of Teaching English for Speakers of Other Languages used language portraits to express their identities visually and in writing. We conducted a qualitative analysis of both the visual and ideological layers of the portraits, focusing on what identity elements PSTs included or did not include in them, and the level of criticality achieved in their multimodal reflection. We found most color choices PSTs made were arbitrary, but certain languages were linked to body parts through function or emotion. Patterns indicating language hegemonies and legitimacy emerged through language inclusion and omission, and only few PSTs depicted translanguaging on their portraits. Lastly, engagement with race varied, with white PSTs often avoiding racial representation. Our findings highlight the need for teacher educators to foster deeper discussions on race and language ideologies and use the portrait assignment to promote more critical reflection. Discussing language portraits would help PSTs challenge internalized assumptions and develop more humanizing understandings of themselves and their pedagogies.

Artificial intelligence (AI) provides new opportunities for high-resolution behavioral analysis and automated, human-free experiments. Here we present AVATAR (AI Vision Analysis for Three-dimensional Action in Real-time). This AI-driven system reconstructs 3D mouse motions by detecting key body parts from synchronized multi-view videos and converting into action skeletons. AVATAR achieves near-human accuracy in pose estimation, enables robust extraction of kinematic and postural features, and supports scalable analysis of model animal behaviors. Using these features represented by 3D action skeleton, LSTM-based model reliably classifies freely moving mouse behaviors during various experimental paradigms with low-latency processing (100 ms) enables real-time closed-loop optogenetic stimulation. As a demonstration of generalizability, we applied AVATAR framework to bottom-view predatory hunting paradigm. AVATARnet accurately detected mouse poses and extracted dynamic behavioral features of the mouse. Using AVATARnet-driven dynamic features, an XGBoost-based classifier automated action segmentation annotation during complex predatory chasing behavior. Together, AVATAR provides 3D pose estimation, dynamic quantification, classification, and closed-loop manipulation in real-time.

In the era of Industry 4.0, artificial intelligence technology is experiencing rapid development, and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with flexible sensors has emerged as a transformative approach for human motion and posture sensing. This paper explores the advancements in AI-enhanced flexible sensors, focusing on the application of flexible sensors on various parts of the human body. Flexible sensors, due to their conformability and sensitivity, are ideal for capturing the dynamic and subtle movements of the human body. AI algorithms, particularly machine learning and deep learning techniques are employed to process the complex data streams from these sensors, enabling the accurate recognition and prediction of various human postures and motions. The combination of these technologies overcomes the limitations of traditional sensing systems, offering higher precision, adaptability, and real-time feedback. It can be applied to healthcare for rehabilitation monitoring, sports for performance enhancement, and human-computer interaction for intuitive control. This review also discusses the challenges such as sensor reliability, data privacy, and power management. The future outlook emphasizes more sophisticated AI models and deeper technology integration, promising a seamless integration into everyday life for enhanced human-machine interaction and health monitoring.

Early survival of marine fish larvae depends on the timely development of feeding and swimming functions. This study examined ontogenetic changes in relative growth patterns of feeding- and locomotion-related body parts in the mottled spinefoot rabbitfish, S. fuscescens. Larvae and early juveniles were reared under controlled conditions, and morphometric measurements were analyzed using log-log segmented regression. Body length increased gradually during the early larval stage and accelerated after approximately 10 days post-hatching. Three developmental phases were identified, with breakpoints at approximately 5 mm, 7-9 mm, and 17-19 mm body length. In the early larval phase (NL < ~5 mm), eye diameter, upper jaw length, snout length, and caudal peduncle depth showed strong positive allometry, indicating rapid acquisition of feeding and swimming functions. This was followed by a mid-larval phase characterized by near-isometric growth and stabilized body proportions. During the late larval to early juvenile phase, body depth and caudal peduncle depth again exhibited positive allometry, reflecting reorganization toward juvenile morphology. These results reveal a stage-specific growth strategy in S. fuscescens and provide a morphological basis for improving larval rearing and feeding practices.

In medico-legal forensic entomology, the minimum postmortem interval (PMI) is calculated from the development of fly larvae on cadavers. However, the time lapse from natural exposure to egg laying (oviposition), referred to as the pre-oviposition period (POP), is often overlooked. The present study highlights the seasonal variation in POP in the hot and humid tropical climatic conditions of Kolkata, West Bengal, India. In this study, a prototype human body farm set-up (crime scene [CS]) was prepared with unclaimed human body remains. A total of 33 sets of experiments were done with neonatal remains and amputated body parts. For each set of experiment the site was observed once a day at a fixed time to record the day and time of oviposition. The ambient temperature and relative humidity in CS were recorded using an electronic temperature–humidity logger. The maximum POP was recorded in the winter season (80.8 hours) and the minimum in summer (20 hours). In winter, with every drop in ambient temperature, POP increases. This track of POP is extremely important in the context of total PMI estimation through entomological evidence. The data presented in this work is the first of its kind generated from a “body farm” study in India. The generated data could be used as a standard for PMI estimation from outdoor decomposition of human remains in the climatic conditions of the tropical regions of the world.

The lateralization of cortical activations and functional connectivities was analyzed when 833 Human Connectome Project (HCP) right-handed participants were viewing faces, spatial scenes, body parts, and tools, using the HCP-Multimodal Parcellation atlas. Spatial scenes produce stronger activations (Bonferroni corrected) in the right hemisphere, especially in the ventromedial visual cortical stream from early visual cortical regions via ventromedial visual cortical regions (VMV1-3) and medial parahippocampal regions (PHA1-3) to the hippocampus, and in inferior parietal visual cortical regions (PGi, PGs, and PFm), and in posterior cingulate division regions. Faces, tools, and body parts produce stronger activations in the left hemisphere in some of the ventrolateral temporal lobe and superior temporal sulcus (STS) visual cortical regions. Some activations were independent of the stimulus type, such as language, and anterior temporal lobe STS semantic regions consistently have higher activations and/or functional connectivities on the left, consistent with the importance of the left hemisphere in language in right-handed people. Also, early visual cortical regions, V2-V4 and POS1, have higher activations in the right hemisphere independently of stimulus type. The lateralizations of the functional connectivities were largely consistent with the activations, but additionally showed that groups of functional connectivities lateralize together (e.g., inferior parietal PGi, PGs, and PFm on the right for scenes but not for any other stimuli), providing further evidence on computational units of the cerebral cortex.

Estimation of stature from hand length and hand breadth in undergraduate medical students: An anthropometric study.

From cold case to conviction: How advanced DNA technologies such as mtDNA sequencing connected two brutal homicides.