Both genetic and environmental factors affect human stature, including overall height and familial short stature (FSS), and it is associated with various health outcomes. However, the study of genetic connections between stature and health conditions remains lacking in East Asian populations. Hence, we conducted parallel genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of body height and FSS in the Han Taiwanese population, aiming to elucidate the genetic influences of stature on health and facilitate the formulation of precision-health strategies. We analyzed large-scale GWAS data on adult height (120,301 Han Taiwanese) and FSS (FSS; 2,050 cases, 27,966 controls) to examine cross-trait genetic correlations across five East Asian biobanks, and applied phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS) and polygenic risk score (PRS) analyses to assess clinical outcomes using Cox proportional hazard models and Kaplan-Meier analyses. We identified 293 loci for height and five for FSS, with cross-biobank genetic correlations linking stature to body size, lung function, and cardiovascular/reproductive traits (atrial flutter/fibrillation [AF], menarche, and endometriosis). PheWAS showed that height PRS increased risks of AF and endometriosis, while FSS PRS had a protective effect against endometriosis. MR analyses showed that taller stature increased AF risk independently and endometriosis risk through menarche/weight, while shorter stature had a weak protective effect against endometriosis. Survival analyses showed the association of higher height PRS with greater AF risk and an earlier divergence of cumulative incidence curves. These time-to-event patterns were consistently replicated using meta-analysis-derived PRSs. The findings highlight stature-related genetic determinants, associated health outcomes, and polygenic risk scores as effective tools for early risk prediction and precision health strategies in East Asian populations.

Anthropometric characteristics are recognized as important determinants of elite performance in water polo. Although secular trends in body height, body weight, and BMI have been documented in various sports, long-term historical analyses of Olympic water polo players from a single, highly successful sporting system are lacking. This retrospective population-based study analyzed anthropometric data of male water polo players representing former Yugoslavia at the Olympic Games between 1956 and 1988. Body height, body weight, and body mass index (BMI) were examined using descriptive statistics and trend analyses to identify long-term morphological changes across Olympic cycles. A pronounced secular increase in body height was observed across Olympic cycles, accompanied by a moderate increase in body weight. In contrast, BMI values remained relatively stable over time, indicating proportional morphological development rather than excessive body weight gain. Considering these trends and the profiles of the former Yugoslav national teams that achieved the greatest successes at the Olympic Games, it is evident that similar anthropometric characteristics should be taken into account when selecting top level players for elite squads.

This study examined whether differences in countermovement jump (CMJ) and isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) force-time metrics exist between starters and non-starters in professional female basketball players. Twenty-two athletes (7 starters, 15 non-starters) competing in the first Spanish basketball league completed CMJ and IMTP testing using dual force plate system. CMJ variables included jump height, peak and mean braking and propulsive force, time-to-takeoff, and net impulse. IMTP variables included peak force and rate of force development (RFD) at 0-100 and 0-250 ms. Independent t-tests and Hedges' g effect sizes were used to assess between-group differences. No statistically significant differences were observed between starters and non-starters for any CMJ or IMTP force-time metrics of interest (p > 0.05). Both groups displayed similar values in jump height, force production, and RFD, with effect sizes ranging from small to moderate (g = 0.04-0.49). However, starters were significantly older than non-starters (p = 0.018), while no differences were found in body mass and height (p > 0.05). Overall, the findings of the present study indicate that, at the professional level of play, CMJ and IMTP performance characteristics are not capable of distinguishing starters from non-starters in women's basketball. Starting status may be shaped more by competitive experience, technical proficiency, and tactical awareness. Although monitoring neuromuscular performance remains valuable, player selection and role differentiation appear to depend more on skill execution and contextual game demands than on strength characteristics alone.

Health literacy is an important phenomena in the management of issue encounter by diabetic patients to prevent any further complications. The current study focus on the anthropometric factors like body mass index, height, weight, and age influencing health literacy among diabetic patients. A cross-sectional research design was used to take information from diabetic patients by using measures of health literacy with the demographic information included anthropometric indicators. The neural network analysis was used to conclude the comparative importance of each indicator in assessing health literacy. Results showed that body mass index appeared to be the most powerful predictor of health literacy afterward the weight, height, and age of diabetic patients. The findings suggest that physical health factors are closely linked with the how to attain, comprehend, and utilize information related to health. Further, age was appeared to be least influence factor but still added a meaningfully predictor of health literacy.

It is critical to supply adequate rumen degradable protein (RDP) to maintain ruminal fermentation of carbohydrates and microbial protein synthesis in sheep. Our objective was to investigate the effect of dietary RDP content on growth performance, rumen fermentation, and nitrogen utilization in growing Hu sheep. The study was conducted for 11 wk (i.e., 2-wk adaptation period and 9-wk experimental period) with 44 3-month-old intact male Hu sheep averaging body weight (BW) of 22.7 ± 3.32 kg at the beginning of the trial. Following the adaptation period, sheep were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 experimental diets. Dietary RDP concentrations of 11.0%, 10.0%, 9.0%, and 8.0% were achieved by replacing solvent soybean meal and wheat middlings with coarsely cracked corn and extruded soybean meal, and experimental diets were fed as pelleted total mixed rations. Treatment had no effect on BW, average daily gain, dry matter intake, feed conversion ratio, or income over feed cost. When decreasing dietary RDP, body height decreased (P = 0.017) linearly, chest depth tended (P = 0.079) to reduce linearly, and chest width responded (P = 0.008) quadratically. There were (P ≤ 0.018) quadratic effects of decreasing RDP concentration for ruminal concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (VFA), acetate, butyrate, and branched-chain VFA (i.e., isobutyrate, valerate, and isovalerate), with maximal values at 10.0% RDP. Apparent total-tract digestibilities of crude protein and acid detergent fiber decreased (P ≤ 0.001) and that of starch increased (P = 0.003) linearly as dietary RDP concentration decreased from 11.0% to 8.0%. Decreasing RDP tended (P = 0.051) to have a quadratic effect on NDF digestibility. Urinary urea-nitrogen and total-nitrogen excretion showed (P < 0.001) linear decreases when dietary RDP concentration declined. There was (P = 0.027) a cubic effect of decreasing RDP on fecal nitrogen output. The ratio of retained nitrogen to nitrogen intake was maximized at 10.0% RDP (quadratic effect, P = 0.016). In summary, even though reducing dietary RDP level from 11.0% to 8.0% did not modify growth performance and linearly reduced urinary N output, ruminal fermentation, apparent total-tract digestibility of NDF, and nitrogen utilization were optimal when feeding the 10.0% RDP diet.

ABSTRACT Individuals urbanize when the net benefits of urban living exceed those of rural conditions. Body mass index (BMI), height, and weight are measures of welfare that reflect the balance between caloric intake and the physiological demands of labor and environmental conditions. Using 19th- and early 20th-century US prison records, this study illustrates that urban residents had lower BMIs, shorter stature, and lower body weight than rural residents. Urban nutritional outcomes varied by race: both white and black urban residents had lower BMIs, shorter stature, and lower weight relative to their rural counterparts. Net nutrition variation was greater among urban males compared to females, indicating that urbanization affected male net nutrition more than female nutritional status.

Children with mild intellectual disability (MID) have significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and cognitive, social, and motor skill behaviors. Understanding the development of physical fitness in boys and girls with MID, and identifying sex-related differences can help devise interventional programs to improve physical fitness in these groups. The aim of this study was to compare sex differences in the time-dependent changes in health-related physical fitness components in individuals with MID. A longitudinal design was employed over three years. A total of 111 individuals with MID (46 girls and 65 boys) aged between 10 and 14 years (mean age 11.97±1.39 years) participated in the study. The physical fitness levels of the participants were assessed using the Brockport Physical Fitness Test (BPFT) battery. The tests included body composition (body height, body mass, and body mass index), aerobic endurance (15 m Progressive Aerobic Cardiovascular Endurance Run (PACER) test), and musculoskeletal function (dominant handgrip strength, back-saver sit-and-reach, and trunk lift). The results revealed that, over time, the longitudinal developmental trajectories for body mass, body height, aerobic endurance, and dominant handgrip strength were more favorable for boys. However, the longitudinal development curves for body mass index (BMI), trunk lift, and flexibility were similar for both boys and girls. The findings of this study provide valuable evidence for developing targeted physical activity programs for individuals with MID, and demonstrate the need for programs aimed at increasing aerobic endurance and muscle strength in girls with MID.

Background/Objectives: When analyzing human skeletal remains for human identification, the assessment of sexual dimorphism is fundamental because it underlies sex estimation, a key parameter of the biological profile, which reduces the number of candidates to approximately one half. Ideally, the most dimorphic bones (the pelvis and long bones) are used, but this analysis may be compromised when the skeletal remains are badly preserved, which is often the case in older skeletons. It is, therefore, necessary to investigate sexual dimorphism in alternative skeletal elements as the quantity and quality of bone structures present in ancient skeletons represent crucial aspects when assessing biological differences between the sexes. The present study aims to evaluate the degree of sexual dimorphism in selected skeletal elements as a preliminary step toward identifying sexually dimorphic parameters with potential applicability in future research on poorly preserved skeletons. Methods: A metric assessment of sexual dimorphism was performed on the clavicle, sternum, and seventh cervical vertebra from a 20th Century collection of identified skeletons from the Portuguese population from CESPU (CEIC), showing a variable degree of bone preservation. Results: Our preliminary data suggest that although all bones analyzed may have exhibited some degree of sexual dimorphism, five parameters—sternal body length, manubrium width, first stern-vertebrae width, clavicle maximum length, and cervical vertebral body height—showed the most promising results. Nevertheless, further studies are needed to validate these observations, using a bigger sample of badly preserved bones. Conclusions: These results represent a preliminary assessment of sexually dimorphic parameters, which may be of interest in circumstances where skeletal elements are poorly preserved.

Introduction: Stunting remains a major public health concern in Indonesia, particularly during the first 1,000 days of life, and reflects the cumulative effects of nutritional deficits, infection, and suboptimal caregiving within broader social and environmental conditions. This study draws on current national and global evidence to frame stunting as a developmental and ecological problem that requires integrated, family-centred interventions. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Maranti stimulation (massage therapy for stunting), in enhancing growth and development among stunted children. Methods: This quasi-experimental study utilized a non-equivalent control group design and was conducted from August to November 2024 at two public health centers in Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Participants were divided into two groups: the intervention group (n=23), which received weekly Maranti massage sessions over six weeks, and the control group (n=25), which was provided with educational booklets on child growth and developmental stimulation. Growth measurements were collected using anthropometric tools, and developmental outcomes were assessed using the BSID-III instrument. Data normality was assessed prior to analysis. Normally distributed variables were analyzed using independent t-tests, while non-normally distributed variables were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test in Stata. Results: The findings revealed significant improvements in growth and development post-intervention in both groups, with more pronounced effects in the intervention group. Notably, Maranti therapy significantly increased body weight (p=0.016) and height (p=0.001). Language (p=0.025) and motor skills (p=0.045) also improved significantly. Cognitive development, however, did not show a statistically significant change (p=0.635). Effect size analysis indicated medium to strong effects for weight and height (Cohen’s d = 0.724 and 1.041), and moderate effects for language and motor development (Cohen’s d = 0.580 and 0.595). Conclusion: Maranti stimulation demonstrates promise as an effective complementary strategy to improve physical growth and developmental outcomes in stunted children, though further research is needed regarding cognitive impacts. These findings suggest that culturally embedded tactile stimulation can serve as a feasible complementary approach for growth-promotion programs. The intervention holds potential for integration into community-based stunting-reduction strategies, particularly in settings where traditional practices remain influential.

This article explores the use of fractional factorial designed experiments to help select the observations that are provided to a reinforcement learning agent for a hexapod robot trajectory-following task. A hexapod robot simulator is developed in the MATLAB Simscape environment and uses a central pattern generator consisting of 6 coupled Hopf oscillators and corresponding joint angle mapping functions to move the robot. The reinforcement learning agent is trained to control the hexapod using the deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm on a trajectory-following task. To test different combinations of seven potential observations, both quarter-fraction and eighth-fraction factorial designed experiments are proposed to reduce the number of runs from the maximum possible 128. Through the implementation of these designed experiments, regression models were formulated to predict which combinations of observations maximize the hexapod training reward. Model predictions were then validated using the simulator, and the corresponding trajectory-following capabilities of the hexapod were demonstrated. For the conditions used in this research, the observations that obtained the maximum final average reward are the hexapod's joint torques, body linear velocities, body orientation, body angular velocities, and body height above the ground.

To assess long-term changes in body mass index (BMI) and weight status among girls from Eastern Poland between 1986 and 2021. Data were obtained from repeated cross-sectional, population-based surveys conducted in Eastern Poland in 1986, 1996, 2006, 2016, and 2021. The study included 14,825 girls aged 8, 13, and 17 years, recruited from the same schools across survey waves. Body height and body mass were measured by trained personnel using standardised procedures, and BMI was calculated. Weight status categories (underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity) were defined using international BMI cut-off points. Statistical analyses included analysis of variance and post hoc comparisons. Between 1986 and 2021, the largest increase in BMI was observed among 13-year-old girls (+1.66 kg/m2), followed by 8-year-olds (+1.14 kg/m2), while a decrease occurred among 17-year-olds (-1.13 kg/m2). The prevalence of underweight declined among 8- and 13-year-olds by 2.70 and 3.15 percentage points, respectively, but increased among 17-year-olds by 1.85 percentage points. In parallel, the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity increased across all age groups: 19.89 percentage points among 8-year-olds, 10.66 among 13-year-olds, and 3.87 among 17-year-olds, with the greatest increases occurring in recent survey periods. Over the past 35 years, BMI distribution among girls in Eastern Poland has shifted towards higher values, accompanied by a rise in overweight and obesity. The increase in underweight among older adolescents may reflect psychosocial pressures. These findings highlight the need for age-specific public health strategies addressing both excessive and insufficient body mass.

Growth patterns: Pathology vs. Normal variation.

Childhood body mass index (BMI) trajectories, BMI, height, and birth weight were investigated in relation to biliary tract cancer (BTC) risk in this population-based cohort study. The study included 172,113 males and 168,503 females born between 1930 and 1996 from the Copenhagen School Health Records Register. Heights and weights measured at ages 6-15 years identified five sex-specific BMI trajectories. BMI and height were analyzed as z scores; overweight was defined via US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria. Sex-specific hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated via birth cohort-stratified Cox regressions. During a median follow-up of 34.5 years, 635 individuals developed BTCs. Overweight (HR, 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-2.34) and obesity trajectories in males (HR, 3.22; 95% CI, 1.61-6.44) and the obesity trajectory in females (HR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.62-5.15) were associated with increased BTC risk compared with the average BMI trajectory. Childhood overweight at age 7 years was associated with increased intrahepatic bile duct cancer risk in males (HR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.48-4.75) and extrahepatic bile duct cancer risk in females (HR, 3.83; 95% CI, 1.94-7.56). Taller childhood height was linked to a higher BTC risk in males only; birth weight showed no associations. Childhood overweight and obesity increase BTC risk in adulthood.

Artificial neural networks for predicting ground reaction forces, feet centers of pressure, spine loads, and trunk muscle forces during load-handling activities.

Cortical bone parameters measured at the one-third distal radius obtained with axial transmission and HR-pQCT compared with anthropometric data in a representative population.

Vosoritide, a C-type natriuretic peptide analog, is the first approved pharmacological treatment for achondroplasia that targets the overactive FGFR3 pathway and promotes longitudinal bone growth. As increased body height may improve biomechanical leverage and influence muscle function, this retrospective, monocentric, observational study aimed to evaluate changes in muscle performance parameters during long-term vosoritide treatment. Nineteen (19) children with achondroplasia treated with vosoritide for at least 12 months were included. Muscle function was assessed via two-legged jump tests on a ground reaction force plate at baseline, month 12, 24 and 36. Jumping parameters, 6-minute walking distances and auxological measurements were converted to z-scores. Longitudinal changes were detected using a linear mixed-effects model. Vosoritide treatment resulted in significant gains in height z-scores over 36 months (p < 0.001). Raw values of jumping parameters increased numerically over time for all parameters except relative force; however, no significant changes were observed in z-scores. Similarly, no significant changes were detected in 6-minute walking distances. While vosoritide produced significant height gains, no significant changes in muscle function z-scores were observed in this cohort. These findings are exploratory and suggest that muscle function may develop in parallel with that of unaffected children.

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Aim:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; To identify the donor and procedural parameters that influence the platelet yield obtained by apheresis.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Methods:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; A retrospective observation study of 60 plateletpheresis in the Blood Transfusion Institute of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Sarajevo, was done. Plateletpheresis were performed using Amicus cell separator with platelet collection protocol, and in accordance with the work procedure of the institution. The results were compared using statistical correlation and statistical comparison between groups. The demographic and hematologic parameters of donors, as well as procedural characteristics were correlated with their platelet yield. P&amp;amp;lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Results:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; The mean pre-donation platelet count was 252x10e9/L. Mean platelet yield was 3.5x10e11/unit. In the majority of donors, 48 (80%), amount of ˃3x10e11/unit was collected. Positive correlation was observed between platelet yield and pre-donation platelet count (r=0.611, p&amp;amp;lt;0.000), blood volume processed (r=0.512, p&amp;amp;lt;0.000), body weight (r=0.525, p&amp;amp;lt;0.000), body height (r=0.264, p=0.042), and run time (r=0.514, p&amp;amp;lt;0.000). Study also observed positive correlation between actual product platelet yield and the software predicted yield (r&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;s&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt;=0.774, p&amp;amp;lt;0,000) with statistical difference between them (p&amp;amp;lt;0.000).&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Conclusions:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; Pre-donation platelet count, body weight, body height, blood volume processed and run time affected platelet yield. Optimizing the platelet yield is a matter of identifying the factors that influence the yield and thus the selection of donors, providing better quality platelet products and clinical outcomes.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

Background/Objectives: Negative emotional states such as depression, anxiety, and stress have been proposed as psychological correlates of injury occurrence, yet evidence regarding their independent and combined effects remains inconsistent, particularly with respect to sex differences. The present investigation focused on whether the relationship between adverse emotional states and injury occurrence differs between men and women among physically active young adults. Methods: The study was conducted with a cross-sectional design and included 418 university students (199 men and 219 women; mean age: men 20.73 ± 0.85 years; women 20.56 ± 0.74 years). Participants' anthropometric characteristics included body height (men, 182.19 ± 7.10 cm; women, 168.17 ± 6.01 cm) and body weight (men, 79.63 ± 9.87 kg; women, 60.86 ± 9.05 kg). Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress were measured using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), and injury history within the previous 12 months was obtained via a structured self-report injury questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations between emotional states and injury occurrence, including assessment of linear, non-linear, and interaction effects. Analyses were stratified by sex and adjusted for training weekly load and training experience. Complementary profile analysis was conducted to assess emotional state configurations by injury occurrence. Results: Linear models provided the most parsimonious representation of the associations between emotional states and injury occurrence, with no support for non-linear or interaction effects. In sex-stratified multivariable models, anxiety was modestly associated with injury occurrence in males (OR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.00-1.11), whereas depression and stress were not significant correlates. No significant associations were observed in females. Profile analysis revealed distinct emotional dimensions but showed no differences in overall profile level or shape between injured and non-injured participants. Conclusions: Negative emotional states demonstrated limited and predominantly additive associations with injury occurrence. Anxiety showed a small, sex-specific association in males, while overall emotional state measures exhibited limited explanatory value for injury occurrence.

The objectives were to (a)establish normative grip strength values in young tennis players; (b)examine developmental changes across 4 adolescent age groups and sexes, controlling for maturity and body size; (c)assess the association between body size and grip strength independent of age and maturity; (d)evaluate grip strength's ability to distinguish successful from less-successful players, independent of age, maturity, and body size; and (e)compare dominant and nondominant hands to identify tennis-related lateral differences. Two hundred and fourteen competitive tennis players (ages 9-18; both sexes) underwent standardized assessment of dominant- and nondominant handgrip strength with a dynamometer. Body mass and height were measured with a medical scale and stadiometer. Age, sex, and competitive level were recorded, and maturity status was estimated. Associations and group differences were analyzed using analysis of covariance and multiple regression. Body mass was the only independent predictor of grip strength in both hands (P < .01), explaining 67% to 80% of the variance after adjusting for age and maturity status. Height was not significant once covariates were controlled. No differences in grip strength were observed between high- and low-achieving players after adjustment. Across the entire sample, dominant handgrip strength was greater than nondominant hand strength (P < .001). In youth tennis players, handgrip strength is strongly related to overall body mass but not to competitive success when age and maturation are taken into account. Dominant-hand superiority is a consistent, sport-specific adaptation. The normative values presented can guide monitoring and training of developing tennis athletes.

To investigate the differences in clinical efficacy between percutaneous curved kyphoplasty(PCKP) and unilateral percutaneous kyphoplasty(UPKP) in the treatment of thoracolumbar osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCF),with a focus on evaluating cement distribution,leakage risk,and vertebral biomechanical restoration. A total of 78 patients with acute thoracolumbar OVCF admitted between January 2022 and April 2024 were included. They were divided into a PCKP group and a UPKP group based on the surgical technique. The PCKP group comprised 37 cases,including 12 males and 25 females,with an age of (78.84±11.24) years and a bone mineral density T value of -4.05±0.81. The UPKP group included 41 cases,comprising 17 males and 24 females,with an age of (77.68±10.73) years and a bone mineral density T value of -4.15±0.82. Comparisons were made between the two groups regarding preoperative and postoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scores,Oswestry disability index (ODI) scores,anterior vertebral body height,rate of good/excellent cement distribution,cement leakage rate,and surgery-related parameters. All patients were followed up for 12 months. In the PCKP group,the mean VAS preoperatively,and at 2 days,3 months,and 12 months postoperatively were (6.35±2.34),(2.95±0.70),(1.76±1.19),and (0.97±0.80) points,respectively. Corresponding scores in the UPKP group were (6.83±2.23),(3.15±0.82),(1.73±1.12),and (1.17±0.74) points. The mean ODI scores in the PCKP group at the same time points were (75.73±3.42),(34.57±3.18),(24.03±5.24),and (22.84±1.68) points,respectively,compared to (74.41±2.85),(35.54±3.49),(24.95±2.85),and (22.66±1.70) points in the UPKP group. Both groups showed significant improvement in VAS and ODI scores postoperatively (P<0.05),but no statistically significant differences were observed between the groups (P>0.05). The rate of good/excellent cement distribution in the PCKP group was 91.89% (34/37),significantly higher than the 65.85% (27/41) in the UPKP group (P=0.001). The cement leakage rate was 13.51% (5/37) in the PCKP group,which was significantly lower than the 34.15% (14/41) in the UPKP group (P=0.030). No significant difference was found in the degree of vertebral compression between patients with poor cement distribution/leakage and those without in either group (P>0.05). The mean anterior vertebral body height in the PCKP group increased from (13.22±2.47) mm preoperatively to (16.68±1.42) mm at 2 days postoperatively. In the UPKP group,it increased from (13.80±2.50) mm to (17.02±1.35) mm at 2 days postoperatively. Both groups showed significant restoration of anterior vertebral height postoperatively (P<0.05),with no significant intergroup difference (P>0.05). Re-fractures occurred in 4 cases in the PCKP group and 6 cases in the UPKP group,showing no significant intergroup difference (P>0.05). No significant differences were found in operative time or fluoroscopy frequency between the two groups (P>0.05). PCKP,utilizing a curved drill technique,optimizes bilateral cement dispersion,significantly improving distribution uniformity and reducing leakage risk,making it particularly suitable for moderate-to-severe compression fractures. Its technical characteristics such as unilateral puncture and low-pressure cement infusion-provide a safer and more effective minimally invasive solution for thoracolumbar OVCF without increasing operative time or radiation exposure. Future studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up are needed to verify its long-term biomechanical advantages.