Body Character Research Articles

Metaultramafic schists and dismembered ophiolites of the Ashe Metamorphic Suite of northwestern North Carolina, USA

ABSTRACTMetaultramafic rocks (MUR) in the Ashe Metamorphic Suite (AMS) of northwestern North Carolina include quartz ± feldspar-bearing QF-amphibolites and quartz-deficient, locally talc-, chlorite-, and/or Mg-amphibole-bearing TC-amphibolites. Some workers divide TC-amphibolites into Todd and Edmonds types, based on mineral and geochemical differences, and we provisionally add a third type – olivine ± pyroxene-rich, Rich Mountain-type rocks. Regionally, MUR bodies range from equant, Rich Mountain- to highly elongate, Todd-TC-amphibolite-type bodies. The MURs exhibit three to five mineral associations containing assemblages with olivine, anthophyllitic amphibole, Mg-hornblende, Mg-actinolite, cummingtonite, and serpentine representing decreasing eclogite to greenschist facies grades of metamorphism over time. MUR protoliths are difficult to determine. Southwestern MUR bodies have remnant olivine ± pyroxene-rich assemblages representing ultrabasic-basic, dunite-peridotite-pyroxenite protoliths. Northeastern TC-amphibolite MURs contain hornblende and actinolitic amphiboles plus chlorites – aluminous and calcic assemblages suggesting to some that metasomatism of basic, QF-amphibolites yields all TC-amphibolites. Yet MgO-CaO-Al2O3 and trace element chemistries of many TC-amphibolites resemble compositions of plagioclase peridotites. We show that a few AMS TC-amphibolites had basaltic/gabbroic protoliths, while presenting arguments opposing application of the metasomatic hypothesis to all TC-amphibolites. We establish that MUR bodies are petrologically heterolithic and that TC-amphibolites are in contact with many rock types; that those with high Cr, Ni, and Mg have olivine- or pyroxene-dominated protoliths; that most exhibit three or more metamorphic mineral associations; and that contacts thought to be metasomatic are structural. Clearly, different MUR bodies have different chemistries representing various protoliths, and have different mineral assemblages, reflecting both chemical composition and metamorphic history. Spot sampling of heterolithic MUR bodies does not reveal MUR body character or history or allow ‘type’ designations. We recommend that the subdivision of MUR bodies into ‘types’ be abandoned and that the metasomatic hypothesis be carefully applied. AMS MURs and associated metamafic rocks likely represent fragments of dismembered ophiolites from various ophiolite types.

A five year audit of ventilator-associated pneumonia: trends, organisms, antibiotic therapy and admission specialties

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) occurs greater than 48 hours following endotracheal intubation and is a clinical diagnosis with no gold standard diagnostic criterion. The Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) is a tool used to aid diagnosis and comprises a clinical score of 0-12 based on 6 variables: body temperature, leukocyte count, volume and character of tracheal secretions, arterial oxygenation, chest radiograph findings and results of culture of tracheal aspirates. A score of ≥ 6 has been shown to correlate with the presence of VAP with high sensitivity although low specificity [1]

Thermal Increasing Information for Foot Surface during Jogging

Thermography information of foot is playing very important role in body character and related products design. The purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution and change character of foot skin temperature variety during low-intensity movement. Totally 19 subjects participated in this testing, skin surface temperature monitor was using high-precision Infrared Thermal Imager. The average foot skin temperature existed a significant difference at rest condition. After 30min persistent low-intensity exercise, each area of the foot was increased, and the increasing trend was quite similar. This study could provide the basis of foot physiological function understanding.

Incidence, pattern, and etiology of elevated liver enzymes in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease.

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often develop elevated liver enzymes (ELE), which are frequently a benign, transient finding, but may be related to treatment or IBD-associated liver diseases. Distinguishing benign from pathologic ELE is crucial for focused diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. We sought to characterize the incidence, character, chronicity, degree, and etiology of ELE in children with IBD. Institutional review board-approved retrospective review of all of the patients with IBD (2-21 years) seen between October 2009 and October 2012 with >9 months of follow-up were included in the study. We examined body mass index, disease activity, extent, phenotype, concurrent medications, and character, chronicity, degree of enzyme elevation, and final diagnosis. A total of 219 of 514 patients with IBD had ≥1 episode of ELE. Five patients were excluded for preexisting liver disease, leaving 214 patients (Crohn disease [CD]: 14.8 ± 3.5 years, 46% girls; ulcerative colitis [UC]: 14.4 ± 4.2 years, 37% girls). One hundred forty-eight patients (69%) had a hepatic, 17 (8%) cholestatic, and 49 (23%) mixed character of ELE. There were no significant differences in character, chronicity, or degree of ELE between CD and UC (P = 0.71, P = 0.58, P > 0.33). Of the 128 patients with sufficient data to determine chronicity, 98 (77%) had transient elevations, (CD: n = 66, 75% and UC: n = 32, 80%). Episodes of ELE were idiopathic in 87% of patients with IBD. A final diagnosis of idiopathic ELE was associated with a lower degree of ELE elevation (P < 0.0001). Pediatric patients with IBD commonly experience transient, idiopathic ELE. Our findings suggest that higher degrees of ELE, specifically alanine aminotransferase, are associated with an etiology that requires more extensive evaluation.

Three new species of the salamander genus Hynobius (Amphibia, Urodela, Hynobiidae) from Kyushu, Japan.

Three new species of lotic breeding Hynobius, formerly assigned to H. boulengeri, are described from the Kyushu region, southwestern Japan. They differ from all the known congeners by a unique combination of body size, character ratios, coloration, mtDNA, and allozymic characteristics. Together with H. stejnegeri they form a clade, which is not a sister group of H. boulengeri, and their speciation in Kyushu is surmised to have occurred at the end of Miocene, accompanied by differentiations in larval period and metamorphosing size. Measures of conservation of these new species are discussed briefly.

태양인 체형, 안면, 음성, 성격 특성

Objectives This study was aimed to reveal the characteristics of the body shape, face, voice and temperament in Taeyangin. Methods The subjects were recruited from November 2005 to August 2012. Sasang constitutional specialist in each clinics confirmed the Sasang Constitution. Taeyangin (TY) became a standard guidance to be compared with each other Sasang type. Anova test was used in analyzing continuous variables and factor analysis was conducted in temperament questionnaire in advance. Generalized propensity score with age and body mass index (BMI) was used in adjusted model. Significant level was .05 Results 1. The TY body shape were generally smaller than Taeeumin (TE) (p<0.001) and Soyangin (SY) (p<0.05) in crude. The TY body shape were still smaller than TE (p<0.05) and there was no significant difference between TY and SY except rib circumference in males and forehead circumference (p<0.05) in females in adjusted model. 2. The size of face and nose in TY was smaller than in TE and there was different between males and females' TY and others in the characteristics of eye, nose and forehead variables in crude (p<0.05). Most of differences between TY and TE were disappeared in adjusted model. 3. The vocal height and speed of TY was different other types and there was different between males and females' TY in some of frequency change rate in crude (p<0.05). Most of differences between TY and other types were similar before and after adjusted model. 4. The temperament of TY was different with SE before and after adjusted mode 1 (p<0.05). TY males showed difference in expression factor and TY females showed difference in behavior factor compared with TE respectively (p<0.05). Conclusions This study reveals characteristics of body shape, face, voice and character in the TY males females compared with each other type respectively.

HPLC-DAD-MS Determination of Colored and Colorless Phenolic Compounds in Kalecik Karasi Wines: Effect of Different Vineyard Locations

Phenolic composition of wines from Kalecik karasi, a native grape variety grown in Turkey, and influence of different vineyard locations on these compounds were investigated. High performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) and mass spectrometry (MS) were used for the phenolic compound analysis. Fourteen anthocyanins, six flavanols, twelve phenolic acids, and six flavonols were identified and quantified. It was observed that total phenolic content in wine from Ankara region was clearly higher than in wine from Nevsehir. Sensory analysis was also used to investigate the influences of the vineyard location. Based upon sensory analysis, the wines obtained from Ankara region had higher color, harmony, astringency aftertaste, astringency, flavor, and body character than wine from Nevsehir.

Harmonizing identities: the problem of the integration of the Portuguese conversos in early modern Iberian corporate polities

Past historiography concerning the question of identity among Portuguese New Christians was divided between those who located identity in the deep “inner selves” of conversos, and those who perceived New Christian identities as reactive byproducts of the environment. Among the latter, Antonio Jose Saraiva claimed that the stereotypical identification of the conversos as Judaizers by the Holy Office was a determining factor in framing their real identities, sometimes creating a paradoxical phenomenon of “self-fulfilling prophecy.” This article continues to explore the shaping influence of environment upon identity-construction, but in totally different way. Instead of denying the reality of Portuguese crypto-Judaism by questioning the reliability of the inquisitorial sources, this article will claim that the corporate (in the sense of a united body) character of Early Modern Portuguese politics was a major obstacle to the integration of the New Christians into Old Christian society. Moreover, a study of a pro-converso tract written during the Habsburg period by the arbitrista Martin Gonzalez de Cellorigo (1619) will show that profound political structures were fundamental in framing many of Portuguese New Christian identities.

A mesoscale vortex in a small stratified lake

A mesoscale vortex structure in the small stratified Lake Stechlin has been revealed by field experiments with satellite-tracked quasi-lagrangian drifters. The vortex with a radius of about 200 m drifted at 300 m/day along the western bight of the lake with nearly constant rotation speed of 3 cpd. Analysis of kinematical properties of the vortex motion demonstrates solid body character of rotation. Extrapolation of the vortex drift trajectory over the period preceding the observations combined with data on local winds and seiche dynamics has allowed tracing the vortex fate from its generation point. The normal modes analysis of the internal seiching in the lake reveals the vortex generation mechanism to be the interaction of certain seiche modes with local bottom topography and suggests generation of the mesoscale vortices to be the a regular feature of the lake circulation. Analysis of vorticity suggests additional energy supply to rotational flow, possibly from inverse cascading of small-scale turbulent motions—a feature typical for quasi-2D turbulence. The vortices can play an important role in the energy transport from basin-scale motions to small-scale boundary mixing. They can also contribute significantly to the horizontal heterogeneity of phyto- and zooplankton distribution as well as to the transport of dissolved matter such as nutrients between littoral and profundal areas. The topographically generated traveling vortices represent an analog of the synoptic eddies in the Ocean and in the Atmosphere, whereas their role in the lake hydrodynamics is practically unknown.

Clinical Holistic Medicine: Avoiding the Freudian Trap of Sexual Transference and Countertransference in Psychodynamic Therapy

Sexual transference and countertransference can make therapy slow and inefficient when libidinous gratification becomes more important for both the patient and the therapist than real therapeutic progress. Sexual transference is normal when working with a patient's repressed sexuality, but the therapeutic rule of not touching often hinders the integration of sexual traumas, as this needs physical holding. So the patient is often left with sexual, Oedipal energies projected onto the therapist as an “idealized father” figure. The strong and lasting sexual desire for the therapist without any healing taking place can prolong therapy for many years, as it often does in psychodynamic psychotherapy and psychoanalysis. We call this problem “Freud's Trap”. Freud used intimate bodywork, such as massage, in the beginning of his career, but stopped, presumably for moral and political reasons. In the tradition of psychoanalysis, touch is therefore not allowed. Recent research in clinical holistic medicine (CHM), salutogenesis, and sexual healing has shown that touch and bodywork (an integral part of medicine since Hippocrates) are as important for healing as conversational therapy. CHM allows the patient to regress spontaneously to early sexual and emotional traumas, and to heal the deep wounds on body, soul, and sexual character from arrested psychosexual development. CHM treats sexuality in therapy more as the patient’s internal affair (i.e., energy work) and less as a thing going on between the patient and the therapist (i.e., transference). This accelerates healing, and reduces sexual transference and the need for mourning at the end of therapy.

Further variations on a theme: The games ethic further adapted – Scottish moral missionaries and muscular Christians in Malawi

This article examines theories and practices of moral and physical education among the Scottish missionaries in the Malawi region of south-central Africa during late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Within the wider history of British imperial education and the English public school games ethic, the Scottish missionaries of the Livingstonia and Blantyre missions offer an interesting and important counterpoint to their middle-class English counterparts. Although the Scots had their own distinct educational traditions which shaped their pedagogical programmes in Africa, they were not unaffected by the games ethic. Drill and team games gradually became an important part of missionary education in Blantyre and Livingstonia, with the holistic aim of developing the body, mind and moral character of the mission pupils. In Malawi, the games ethic, first introduced by middle-class Edinburgh missionaries, developed alongside an ‘industrial ethic’, and a distinctly ‘Scottish blend’ of missionary education that combined Scottish industrial and English non-industrial traditions emerged.

Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life: constructing the Structural and Biochemical Database

A major goal of the Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life project is to create a searchable database <http://aftol.umn.edu> of selected ultrastructural and biochemical characters from published and new data for use in phylogenetic and other analyses. While developing this database such issues as evaluating specimen fixation quality in published micrographs, organizing data to accommodate characters that were dependent on location and developmental stage, and requiring accountability of data contributors were addressed. Character states for three traits, septal pore apparatus, nuclear division and spindle pole body cycle, are illustrated, and character states are resolved with maximum parsimony and plotted on a summary cladogram of known phylogenetic relationships of the Fungi. The analysis illustrates the inherent phylogenetic signal of these characters, the paucity of comparable characters and character states in subcellular studies and the challenges in establishing a comprehensive structural and biochemical database of the Fungi.

Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life: constructing the Structural and Biochemical Database

A major goal of the Assembling the Fungal Tree of Life project is to create a searchable database <http://aftol.umn.edu> of selected ultrastructural and biochemical characters from published and new data for use in phylogenetic and other analyses. While developing this database such issues as evaluating specimen fixation quality in published micrographs, organizing data to accommodate characters that were dependent on location and developmental stage, and requiring accountability of data contributors were addressed. Character states for three traits, septal pore apparatus, nuclear division and spindle pole body cycle, are illustrated, and character states are resolved with maximum parsimony and plotted on a summary cladogram of known phylogenetic relationships of the Fungi. The analysis illustrates the inherent phylogenetic signal of these characters, the paucity of comparable characters and character states in subcellular studies and the challenges in establishing a comprehensive structural and biochemical database of the Fungi.

Energy loss studies of protons colliding with ethane: preliminary results

This paper reports theoretical calculations for projectile kinetic energy loss and stopping power of protons colliding with C 2H 6, for projectile energies of a few eV up to 25 keV. The many body character of the system and the strong coupling of the electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom make this system suitable for study using electron–nuclear dynamics. We report the stopping cross section as well as the electron capture cross section as a function of the projectile kinetic energy. We find that chemical dissociation plays an important role in charge exchange due to the bond breaking during the collision. We also obtain the stopping cross section using Bragg’s rule in order to analyze chemical effects (bond contributions). Finally, comparison to the available experimental data is provided.

Drawing Ruled Surfaces Using the Dual De Boor Algorithm

This paper outlines emerging methods, presently under investigation, for constructing ruled surfaces and solid-body trajectories in a Computer Aided Geometric Design (CAGD) context. The underlying principle is that of the standard De Boor Algorithm [4,2,15] for constructing B-spline curves on the plane, or in 3-dimensional space. But the coordinates of all 3-vector points including the control points to be interpolated are now taken to be dual, not real, numbers. When the six resulting number components are interpreted as Pl ű cker coordinates [12], each dual point finds interpretation as a line, and each curve as a ruled surface, in 3-dimensional space. The construction of a duplicated surface is discussed along with some new methods based on a rigid body character. The problem of drawing infinitely long lines, on a screen, as represented by Pl űcker coordinates, is touched upon.

High emissivity of a rough Pr2NiO4 coating

A rough and thick film of doped praseodymium nickel oxide (Pr2NiO4+δ) has been obtained by combining the spray pyrolysis deposition technique with rapid thermal annealing process. The precursors are nitrate solutions. Spectral emissivity measurements from the far infrared up to the midinfrared region at T=1000 K show the strong black body character of the film. This feature is well suited to the thermal efficiency of an industrial infrared ceramic radiant plate.

Use of principal component analysis for the evaluation of judge performance at wine competitions

Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to evaluate the performance of five wine judges using a 20‐point quality scoring system. Data were collected for 97 wines as part of a wine competition. Principal component plots were used to (1) identify underlying mechanisms that judges used to differentiate wine quality, and (2) evaluate the relationships among the quality components. Judges’ ‘styles’ differed according to their use, or lack of use, of the individual quality components (appearance, aroma, flavour, acidity, finish, body, balance and overall character) in making a final quality assessment of the wines. In general, judges showed individual patterns of separating the wines according to the presence or absence of aroma and flavour and overall character. These component scores were highly correlated with each other and with the final wine quality score. A comparison of the PCA plots with eggshell plots, an established methodology, indicated that judges who used a systematic approach to quality evaluation were closer to the group consensus. This technique serves as a complement to existing methodologies to assist competition co‐ordinators in future judge selection.

Exploring structures in protein folding funnels with free energy functionals: the denatured ensemble

We discuss the formulation of free energy functionals that describe the formation of structure in partially folded proteins. These free energy functionals take into account the inhomogeneous nature of contact energies, chain entropy and cooperative contributions reflecting the many body character of some folding forces like hydrophobicity, but do not directly account for non-native contacts because they assume the validity of the minimal frustration principle. We show how the free energy functionals can be used to interpret experiments on partially folded proteins that probe the fractional occupancy of specific local structures. In particular, we study the hydrogen protection factors in lysozyme studied in transient experiments by Gladwin and Evans and by Nash and Jonas using equilibrium pressure denaturation and the NMR order parameters measured by Dobson and Kim for the homologous protein α-lactalbumin.

The isotropic–nematic phase transition in a fluid of dipolar hard spherocylinders

A thermodynamic perturbation theory in the high temperature expansion is presented for a system of hard spherocylinders with a permanent longitudinal dipole positioned at the center of the molecule. The free energy of the reference hard spherocylinder is described using an expression derived by Lee [J. Chem. Phys. 80, 7036 (1988)]. The dipole contribution to the free energy is evaluated using a generalization to the perturbation theory for dipolar hard spheres proposed by Larsen, Rasaiah, and Stell [Mol. Phys. 33, 987 (1977)]. The effect of increasing dipole strength on the isotropic-nematic phase transition of a fluid of spherocylinders of aspect ratio, L/D=5, is studied using a generalization to the well known Onsager theory [Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 51, 627 (1949)]. The single particle orientational distribution function is approximated with a gaussian trial function while an ad hoc approximation is used for the pair and triplet correlation functions of the hard spherocylinder reference system. While these approximations seem quite severe they are not expected to affect the general features of the phase diagram. Increasing the dipole moment is found to destabilize the nematic phase with respect to the isotropic phase, shifting the phase transition to higher densities and pressures. This is in general agreement with the most recent simulation studies of the system. All other theories of this system predict a stabilization of nematic phase. It is suggested that the reason for the failure of these theories lies in the two body character of their approach to the orientational order in the liquid crystal phase. To the knowledge of the authors this is the first theory for the isotropic-nematic phase transition of dipolar hard-spherocylinders which explicitly includes three-body interactions in the orientationally ordered phase.

Quantum theory of frequency shifts of an electromagnetic wave interacting with a plasma

In this paper we calculate the frequency shift induced on a photon by the interaction with a low density electronic plasma. The technique is the standard perturbation theory of quantum electrodynamics, taking into account the many body character of the plasma. The shift in the nonrelativistic approximation is shown to be blue. Besides the quantum shift, the known classical effects and the correct temperature dependence are also obtained. Finally the limits of the approximations used are discussed.