Body Character Research Articles

Исследование распространенности и специфики проявления нервной орторексии у обучающихся

The prevalence of orthorexia nervosa ranges from 1 to 7 % of the world's population. Students are at risk, about a third of whom experience symptoms of orthorexia. In this regard, a more thorough study of the manifestations of orthorexia nervosa in students is necessary. The purpose of the work was to investigate the prevalence and specificity of the manifestation of orthorexia nervosa in students of different courses and specialties, as well as its relationship with the characteristics of preoccupation with body shape and character traits. Over the course of 8 months 132 students of the Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 92 girls and 40 boys from 18 to 26 years old, from 1st to 6th years and masters, were surveyed. All students were tested using the following methods: “Roman Orthorexia Nervosa Questionnaire (ORTO-15)”, “Body Shape” Questionnaire (BSQ) (Cooper, Taylor), Leonhard-Schmischek test, author's questionnaire. The respondents were divided into two groups, depending on the presence or absence of signs of orthorexia nervosa. 90 (68.2 %) students, representatives of the first group, showed signs of orthorexia nervosa. The results of the study confirmed that among students, manifestations of orthorexia are common in more than half of the students. More often it occurs in girls from 19 to 20 years old; among 2nd year students, mainly among representatives of chemical, biological and technical profiles. The eating behavior of students with signs of orthorexia nervosa is characterized by pronounced selectivity. This group of respondents reliably revealed connections between preoccupation with body shape and excitability, exaltation, anxiety, pedantry, cyclothymia and hyperthymia, as well as a higher body mass index (BMI).

Sandstone body character and river planform styles of the lower Eocene Willwood Formation, Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA

AbstractThe lower Eocene Willwood Formation of the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, USA, is an alluvial succession with a sand content varying around 25%. It has been studied intensively for palaeontology, palaeoenvironments and palaeoclimates, as well as sedimentological and stratigraphic analysis. Channel dynamics were studied at a relatively low resolution throughout the basin over the geological time from late Palaeocene to early Eocene. Here, a high‐resolution study is reported to complement previous research at the basin scale. Efforts are made to document the characteristics and river planform styles of most sandstone bodies encountered through ca 300 m of alluvial stratigraphy in a 10 km2 area of the Deer Creek part of the McCullough Peaks area situated in the basin axis of northern Bighorn Basin. Four channel facies associations are recognized and ascribed to four river planform styles: crevasse channel, trunk channel, braided‐like channel and sinuous‐like channel, with the latter two types dominant. Braided‐like and sinuous‐like channel sandstone bodies differ significantly in thicknesses, being on average 6.1 m versus 9.0 m, but they have similar palaeoflow–perpendicular widths of on average 231 m and palaeoflow directions of on average N 003°. Braided‐like and sinuous‐like river planform styles show no spatial dependency in the 10 km2 study area. Results of this study are in line with existing basin‐scale depositional models that are composed of a single axial system fed by several transverse systems dominantly from the west. The feeding of these systems could be influenced by palaeoclimate changes possibly controlling their contribution over time, thereby impacting river planform styles. At the same time, changing water discharge hydrograph, sediment load and overbank cohesiveness may have equally driven the observed river planform style changes within the basin without a major role of catchments.

О МОДУСАХ ФРАГМЕНТАРНОГО ПИСЬМА (СЕМЬ ФРАГМЕНТОВ)

I offer an ensemble of seven fragments featuring modernist and postmodernist authors who practiced fragmentary writing. Fragmented writing is seen as a way of addressing the epistemological problem of part and whole, the aesthetic architectonics of part and whole, as well as existential issues (death, end / nonfinalism). Accordingly, through the prism of modernist artists (Schwitters, Bellmer, Rilke, Mandelstam), the attitude to fragment and whole is demonstrated, which forms a special poetics of dissociation of speech, reconstruction and deconstruction of artifact body and novel character, subversion of narrative mechanisms, including problematization of visual work frame, beginning and end of narrative text. It is revealed that the destructed, fragmented image of the world is often expressed in traditional genres or exploited by stylizing and parodying them. Wittgenstein, Benjamin, Adorno and Hamacher are considered as philosophers and philologists who have chosen the form of fragment (collection of aphorisms, notes and extracts, quotations). In their modus operandi of reflection and style there is a connection with the early Romantic tradition of the fragment, according to which the fragment is both an isolated, completed short text and part of the whole (in the pragmatic sense, an ensemble of fragments; in the epistemological sense, an absolute whole). For Schlegel and Novalis the connection between the fragment and the whole was thought of as an anticipation of the whole in an infinite series of acts of reflection: the whole is unattainable, but the process is infinite. In the 20th and 21st centuries the difficulty, up to complete negation in poststructuralism, of grasping the transcendental signifier evokes a sense of melancholy and nostalgia, and provokes a utopian return to archaic, ascetic escapism. Fragmented writing thus becomes a form of reaction to the modernist acceleration of time, the instrumentalization of the mind and the alienation of the person. The review presented here is stylized in the form of notes-fragments, linked by leitmotifs and a number of ideas that allow not only the construction but also the problematization of fragmented writing.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Predictor for Poor Responsiveness to Botulinum Toxin Type A Therapy for Pediatric Migraine

BackgroundTo assess the efficacy, safety, and predictors for poor responsiveness of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) for chronic migraine in the adolescent and young adult population. MethodsA retrospective analysis of 56 patients who received BoNT-A for chronic migraine with an age range from 13 to 21 years was performed. Of 56 patients, 34 were enrolled in the study based on the inclusion criterion. Patients who received three dosages of BoNT-A were assessed at nine months from the first injection. Variables including age, body mass index, headache intensity, frequency, character, and side effects were assessed. The patients were divided into two groups based on response to BoNT-A therapy, responders and nonresponders. ResultsOverall among the 34 patients enrolled in the study, the average headache frequency decreased from 18.6 of 28 to 9.9 of 28 days, P value, <0.001 from baseline. There was significant decrease in the average headache intensity, 8.1 to 4.3. Of 34 patients, 25 (73%) patients responded to treatment with decrease in headache frequency by ≥ 50% from the baseline. Among the nonresponder patients, a significant number of patients (six of nine, 67%) had generalized anxiety disorder with Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 score greater than 15 versus the responder group (six of 25, 24%, P value 0.040). ConclusionsBoNT-A remains a safe and effective therapy for adolescent and young adult patients with chronic migraines at nine months of follow-up. Generalized anxiety disorder with Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 score greater than 15 can be a major predictor of poor response to this therapy.

INTERNALIZATION SOCIOPRAGMACRITICS THROUGH INTERACTION LANGUAGE USED IN DUALELAKI SHORT STORIES BY OKKYMADASARI

Sociopragmatics is about a condition on language used by speakers when they are involved in social interaction. Sociopragmatics also describe about a critic to evaluate speakers language. Therefore sociopragmatics become into sociopragmacritics to analyze some social actions, contexts, and social discourse in some literary works. In this study, internalization sociopragmacritics in language through literature is used to identify culture element, language use, social context, and social function. Internalization sociopragmacritics show about interaction language used by speakers when they discuss some events in their neighborhood. This research uses a literary work written by OkkyMadasari, namely DuaLelaki. Analyzing DuaLelaki is based on the main topic which is adapted from real event happening in Ambon, Indonesia, that is about interfaith between Moslem and Catholic. This research aims to describe the sociopragmacritics elements such as social language use and social context mentioned in DuaLelaki short stories. Research approach is qualitative. Data collection of this research is library and documentation. Research data is the short story of DuaLelaki itself, which was published on May 12th, 2013 in newspaper namely Media Indonesia. The data is based on words, phrases, and sentences used by two main characters, Amir and Lukas. Data research analyzes are using objective hermeneutic to analyze more details and linked into conceptual chart. Data research validation is using focus group discussion, lecture consult, and doing question-answer with colleagues. Research findings mention that social language use always relates with social context in the short story. The results of this research are showing social interaction, body language expression, assertive, environment, and character live in DuaLelaki short story.

Profile of Ovarian Cancer Patients In Mangusada Badung Regional Public Hospital

Background: Ovarian cancer is still one of the neoplasms within the gynecology scope. Besides, World Health Organization (WHO) states that ovarian cancer ranks fourth cancer in women with the lowest five-year survival rate (43%). Thus, this research aims to recognize the risk factors in patients with ovarian cancer and the commonly found characteristic.Methods: This cross-sectional observational research on 29 women diagnosed with ovarian cancer observed the age, parity, body mass index (BMI), contraception, character, and stadium. The medical record samples based on patients’ registers were obtained from the Obstetrics and Gynecologic Polyclinic in Mangusada Badung Regional Public Hospital in the January–December 2019 period, and the result data were distributed using contingency tables. Results: The data dominantly diagnosed ovarian cancer, with age distribution 51-60 years (34.5%), 44.8% with obesity, 44.8% nullipara, without a history of contraceptive use, menarche within 12 years old (41.4%), diagnosed stage IIIC (42.3%), and with serous epithelial tumor subclassification (65.5%).Conclusions: Predominant ovarian cancer is found at a late stage. The most common risk factors of developing ovarian cancer, including the age of 51–60, obesity, menarche within 12 years old, and no history of hormonal contraceptive use, are consistent with this research hypothesis about risk factors dominantly found in patients with ovarian cancer

A tight-binding atomistic approach for point defects and surfaces applied to the o-Al[formula omitted]Co[formula omitted] quasicrystalline approximant

We implemented an N-body potential for the Al–Co interactions and applied it to the o-Al13Co4 quasicrystalline approximant. We show its ability to model this complex compound in the presence of point and extended defects (atomic vacancies and surfaces). The importance of stress relaxation in vacancy formation is highlighted through the mapping of local pressures in the bulk compound. Thanks to the many body character of the potential, the surfaces could be investigated which was not done before in atomistic studies of this complex phase. Our classical simulations point up the competition between preserving the cohesion by minimizing the number of broken bonds and avoiding the presence of Co atoms at the surface. This study opens the way to large scale simulations of phenomena involving complex metallic alloys in particular at their surfaces.

The Temporality of Maximal Grip: On Pragmatists’ Readings of Merleau-Ponty

In this article, I will pursue three aims. First, I would like to demonstrate the non-transcendental character of Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology, namely, his claim that a strict division between a priori and a posteriori is an abstraction that derives from a more primordial unity that is given in our lived experience. I will criticize authors such as H. Dreyfus and T. Carman who treat the body and bodily character of our existence as a classical Kantian a priori that functions as a condition of experience without itself being a part of the experience. The claim I would like to defend in this regard is that reflections on the conditions of our experience must themselves be a part of our experience. The second task is to show how Merleau-Ponty’s analysis of temporality helps him to avoid this strict division between a priori and a posteriori. Based on this, I will elucidate some of the most obscure passages of Phenomenology of Perception. Finally, I will claim that the notion of optimal grip can neither be explained by the reference to our body, as Carman claims, or to brains, organisms and their copings with the environment, as Dreyfus argues. Instead, I will claim that the maximal grip is rather a consolidation or intensification of the temporal ecstasy.

A new hydrobiid species (Caenogastropoda, Truncatelloidea) from insular Greece

Daphniola dionesp. nov., a valvatiform hydrobiid gastropod from Western Greece, is described based on conchological, anatomical and molecular data. D. dione is distinguished from the other species of the Greek endemic genus Daphniola by a unique combination of shell and soft body character states and by a 7–13% COI sequence divergence when compared to congeneric species. The only population of D. dione inhabits a cave spring on Lefkada Island, Ionian Sea.

The development of temperaments typology in E. Krestchmer's concept

The development of E. Kretschmer's concept of temperaments throughout fifty years is analyzed. The small changes in terminology that occurred in the fourth edition of «Body type and character» took place due to the introducing E. Bleuler's termin «synton» for the intermediate affective states of healthy cyclothymic temperaments and E. Kretschmer's termin "leptosom" for the body type that before was delineated as "asthenic". However, the transition from the systematics with 3 types of physique and corresponding 2 types of mental constitutions to the systematics, including separate temperament of athletic physique («viscous»), took place much later. This was preceded by the delineation of epileptic mental constitution by E. Bleuler (1916) and the description of epileptoid constitution. The clinical descriptions of cycloid and schizoid temperaments as the descriptions of corresponding «healthy» constitutional types of cyclothyms and schizothyms in the monograph «Body type and character» has not changed till the last lifetime edition of the author.В статье анализируется развитие концепции темпераментов E. Kretschmer на протяжении 50 лет, при этом отмечаются как небольшие, так и существенные изменения в терминологии, произошедшие в 4-м издании «Строение тела и характер» благодаря введению термина E. Bleuler «синтонный» для «средних» по аффективному состоянию «здоровых» циклотимных темпераментов и термина E. Kretschmer «лептосомный» для типа телосложения, обозначаемого ранее как «астеническое». Однако переход от систематики с тремя типами телосложения и соответствующими им двумя психическими конституциями на систематику, включающую отдельный темперамент атлетического типа, состоялся в монографии E. Kretschmer гораздо позже, чему предшествовало выделение эпилептической конституции E. Bleuler и описание эпилептоидной конституции. Клинические описания типов циклоидных и шизоидных темпераментов, как и характеристики соответствующих им «здоровых» конституциональных типов циклотимов и шизотимов в монографии «Строение тела и характер», не менялись до последнего прижизненного издания автора.

The Synchronisation Of Motion Capture Results In The Animation Character Reinforcement Process

Animation is a collection of frames that express a motion activity. The animation consists of actors, characters and performance components that present a story — one of the technologies in making an animation with motion capture. The results of catching motion in the form of motion record data are then synchronised to animated characters. However, the problem is that there are difficulties in synchronising animated characters with the results of catching motion so that the motion can be more subtle. On capture, this motion uses Kinect as a motion capture sensor for actors. The results of this capture then become motion data. The synchronisation of motion data from the motion capture results with Kinect then adjusts the joint body character points, frames, time with three-dimensional (3D) animated characters according to the flow of character actors. This synchronisation is adjusted to the recording of character movements starting from the motion of humans, animals and objects that invite motion activity with motion capture methods both marked and without markers. In making 3D, there are models of giving a body or bone frame (rigging) after giving the body frames is done by giving visual effects, lighting, rendering, and compositing. Rigging is the installation of bones to characters used to place and manipulate animated controls on characters that will be animated to produce the desired gesture. Animation synchronisation is to create animated characters manually; the file is used for. The synchronisation is Biovision Hierarchy (BVH) with gesture giving movement without having to save the keyboard in every animation movement manually.

Patients without psychopathology applying for aesthetic rhinoplasty may display elevated harm avoidance and reduced self-directedness: a cross-sectional, case–control study

ABSTRACTObjective: The present study was intended to compare the body image, self-esteem, temperament and character traits of a group of patients who applied for aesthetic rhinoplasty with healthy ...

REVIEW ABOUT CAUSATIVE FACTORS OF KARSHYA (EMACIATION) FROM CHARAKA SAMHITA

Karshya (emaciation) is an Apatarpanjanya Vyadhi and Rasa-pradoshaja vyadhi. It is the most large spreading health and nutritional disorder in developing countries. Karshya means person having lean and thin body character but doesn’t have any more complaints. Charaka has well explained clinical symptoms of Karshya as well he has explained causative factors in detail, viz., Aharaja (dietary), Viharaja (behavioural), and Manasika (Psychological). These all causes do aggravation of Vayu, alteration of Agni, insufficient production of Rasa dhatu along with other Dhatus which leads to Karshya. If the emaciated person is not treated properly then he/she gets suffered from spleen enlargement, cough, wasting, dyspnoea, Gulma, piles, abdominal disease, and the disease of gastro-intestinal tract. Karshya is better than sthaulya (obesity), a statement given by Charaka. Avoiding causative factors is Chikitsa. As well Charaka is well known clinician; hence to refer Charaka Samhita priory is essential. If causative factors are well known to affected people and reduced or avoided completely, it is useful to eradicate Karshya (emaciation) from society. Hence an attempt is made to review causative factors of Karshya from Charaka Samhita.

AMPKα pathway involved in hepatic triglyceride metabolism disorder in diet-induced obesity mice following Escherichia coli Infection.

To investigate the different effects of acute pulmonary infection induced by Escherichia coli (E. coli) on lipid metabolism between diet-induced obesity (DIO, fed with high-fat diet) mice and lean mice. A total of 180 ICR mice were selected to be challenged intranasally with phosphate-buffered saline or 109 CFUs/mL of E. coli, and the body character indexes, biochemical indexes and expressions of genes and proteins involved in lipid metabolism were examined pre- and post-infection. Results revealed that, before infection, DIO mice had significantly higher body weight, adipose and liver indexes, free fatty acid and triglyceride contents than lean mice. After infection, increased free fatty acid and triglyceride contents, increased expressions of resistin, SREBP-1c, ACC1, FAS and SCD-1, and declined PPARα, CPT-1α expressions and AMPKα phosphorylation were detected in the infected group, while the change rates were more serious in the lean mice than the DIO mice. The above-mentioned findings verified that, after being infected with E. coli, hepatic lipid metabolism disorder was aggravated by activating SREBP-1c related lipid synthesis pathway and inhibiting PPARα related fatty acid oxidation pathway. However, infection-induced lipid metabolic disorders was slighter in the DIO mice than the lean mice through AMPKα pathway.

GEOMETRI PERLAPISAN BATUPASIR KONGLOMERATAN SEBAGAI SISIPAN PADA FORMASI NANGGULAN DI KALI WATUPURU DAN KALI SONGGO, PEGUNUNGAN KULON PROGO, YOGYAKARTA

Nanggulan Conglomeratic Sandstone is one of important part of Nanggulan Formation which is deposited during Middle Eocene to early Late Eocene (Saputra &amp; Akmaluddin, 2015) or Late Oligocene (Rahardjo, 1995). The grain composition of Nanggulan conglomeratic sandstone is characterized by various rock fragments (metamorphic, igneous, sedimentary rocks) which mixture up to fine to coarse sand-sized matrix. Other materials present within the Nanggulan conglomerathic sandstone are shell fragments, coal remains, siderithic concretions which is deposited within high energy condition. Geometry of conglomeratic sandstone stratification is still being a question among the researchers due to discontinuous sand body character. To study external form of sandstone body needs to combine with internal characters such are grain texture, grain or fragment composition, sedimentary structures to predict a depositional facies. This research is dedicated to study the character of the Nanggulan conglomeratic sand body. Field geological observation was conduct to two rivers i.e Kali Watupuru and Kali Songgo where transecting the Nanggulan beds. The grain or fragments concentration of Nanggulan conglomeratic sandstone displays in various condition for example lying above an erosional surface to the bottom position, or concentrate to the upper layer. It also appears to be engaged in coarser size matrix, or displays a dense grain composition to elsewhere. Geometry of the Nanggulan conglomeratic sandstone represents a lens geometry which pinching-out to the edge of body. However, to the top of lens geometry were found steep joints cross cutting the sand layers. Initial geometry of Nanggulan conglomeratic sandstone indicates a channel fill shape due to filling sediments into the erosional feature of underlying beds. When lithification and compaction process occurred along the burial and uplifting tectonic phase, a channel fill geometry becomes lens geometry. Bulging to the centre part and thinning to the edge of sandstone body, is caused by differential compaction process. Lens geometry is believed as one example of structural trap model for sandstone reservoir. The occurrences of vertical joints to the Nanggulan conglomeratic sandstone need to be considered as seal potential within clossure trap or even more causing hydrocarbon leakings. If development of vertical joint occurs along migration process, it may be potentially leak. However, if joints already sealed parts of hydrocarbon pool may create a compartmentalization reservoir body. By doing this investigation could predict an advance reservoir modelling study using outcropp analogues. Keyword: Nanggulan conglomeratic sandstone, lens geometry, sandstone body.

Use of non-Saccharomyces in single-culture, mixed and sequential fermentation to improve red wine quality

The use of non-Saccharomyces yeasts can provide advantages in winemaking such as: a reduction of ethanol content, the synthesis of certain metabolites that are important for color stability or a good yield in the production of certain volatile compounds (ethyl lactate, 2,3-butanediol, 2-phenylethyl acetate). The main objective was general evaluation of wines made by non-Saccharomyces yeast under different fermentation trials compared to wines made by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Single pure fermentations were performed by two strains of S. cerevisiae (used as controls) and two strains of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The yeasts Lachancea thermotolerans and Torulaspora delbrueckii were tested in sequential fermentations with S. cerevisiae strains. The effect on acidity due to the interaction between L. thermotolerans and S. pombe in a mixed fermentation was studied. Sequential fermentations with L. thermotolerans and S. cerevisiae can reduce the ethanol content and increase the content of glycerol and pyruvic acid; in addition, the use of L. thermotolerans can increase the lactic acid content, while the mixed fermentations of S. pombe and L. thermotolerans may increase the acetaldehyde content and may also reduce the ethanol content. However, these samples require more time to complete the fermentation. Single pure fermentations by S. pombe can increase the amounts of vitisins, acetaldehyde and glycerol and the amounts of acetic acid. The use of L. thermotolerans in a sequential fermentation allowed an increase in fruitiness and body character of red wine.

Fluvial architecture in actively deforming salt basins: Chinle Formation, Paradox Basin, Utah

AbstractDetermining the response of fluvial systems to syn‐sedimentary halokinesis is important for reconstructing the palaeogeography of salt basins, determining the history of salt movement and predicting development and architecture of sandstone bodies for subsurface fluid extraction. To assess both the influence of salt movement on fluvial system development and the use of lithostratigraphic correlation schemes in salt basins we have analysed the Triassic Chinle Formation in the Paradox Basin, Utah. Results indicate that sandstone body development proximal to salt bodies should be considered at two scales: intra‐ (local) and inter‐ (regional) mini‐basin scale. At the intra‐mini basin or local scale, conformable packages of up to 12 m deep meandering fluvial channel deposits and associated overbank deposits are developed, which may thin, pinch‐out or become truncated towards salt highs. When traced down the axis of a mini‐basin, individual stories extend for a few hundred metres, and form part of amalgamated channel‐belt packages up to 60 m thick that can be traced for at least 25 km parallel to palaeoflow. Where salt movement outpaces sediment accumulation, progressive low angle unconformities are developed along the flanks of salt highs. Significantly, in mini‐basins with high sand supply, sandstone bodies are present across salt highs where they show increased amalgamation, decrease in thickness due to truncation and no change in internal sandstone body character. At inter mini‐basin or regional scale, spatial and temporal variations in accommodation space generated by differential salt movement strongly influence facies distributions and facies correlation lengths. Broad lithostratigraphic packages (5–50 m thick) can be correlated within mini‐basins, but correlation of these units between adjacent mini‐basins is problematic. Knowledge of fluvial system development at a regional scale is critical as, fluvial sediment distribution is focussed by topography generated by growing salt bodies, such that adjacent mini‐basins can have significant differences in sandstone body thickness, distribution and lateral extent. The observations from the Chinle Formation indicate that lithostratigraphic‐based correlation schemes can only be applied within mini‐basins and cannot be used to correlate between adjacent mini‐basins or across a salt mini‐basin province. The key to predicting sandstone body development is an understanding of the timing of salt movement and reconstructing fluvial drainage system development.

The influence of the countermeasures targeted at adverse reaction of chemotherapy on the quality of life of the patients with metastatic breast cancer

Objective To study the influence of the countermeasures targeted at adverse reaction of chemotherapy on the quality of life of the patients with metastatic breast cancer. Methods A total of 96 cases of patients with recurrent and metastatic breast cancer treated in our hospital from January to July 2015 were selected as the study objects.They were randomly divided into observation group and control group, 48 cases of each group.Patients in the observation group were given symptomatic nursing targeted at adverse reaction of chemotherapy, while patients in the control group were given conventional nursing.The quality of life (including body condition, character, cognition, society and general health condition ), the occurrence rate of anxiety symptom and adverse reaction of the two groups 3 months after nursing were compared. Results Three months after nursing, the general health condition scores of the observation group were (80.52±23.12)scores which were obviously higher than that of the control group(71.43±18.43)scores (P<0.05). The anxiety symptom rate and adverse reaction occurrence rate of the observation group were 16.7% and 12.5% respectively, which were obviously lower than the control group's 39.6% and 31.3%(P<0.05). Conclusion Symptomatic nursing targeted at adverse reaction of chemotherapy can reduce the toxic and side effect, relieve the anxiety and improve the patients' quality of life.Thus, it deserves to be applied and promoted in the clinical field. Key words: Recurrent and metastatic breast cancer; Chemotherapy; Adverse reaction; Symptomatic nursing

Relationship and Prediction of Body Weight from Morphometric Traits in Maefur Goat Population in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

The study was conducted in Erob district eastern zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia to determine the relationship between live weight and linear measurements in Maefur goat population under traditional management system. Data on live body weight, linear body measurement and physical body character were collected from randomly selected 600 (297 male and 303 female goats) and categorized into age group of 04-12, 13-18, 19-24, and 24-35 months equivalent with to 0 PPI, 1 PPI, 2 PPI and 3 ≥ PPI with 82, 87, 134 and 297 animals in each age groups, respectively. The data were analyzed using SPSS software 16.0 version. Descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis were used. Heart girth was highly correlated to body weight (r=0.97, P<0.01) and used to predict live body weight with regression equations of y1.04 x-(43.3 ± 0.83), R²0.93 for pooled sex and age. The multiple regression equation for prediction of the live body weight was y=(0.74 HG+0.16 BL+0.18 HW) - 42.8, R2=0.95 for pooled sex and age. It was concluded that, there is variability in body measurements across sex and age indicated that these measurements could be exploited in predicting live body weight. Heart girth was the major body trait used to predict live body weight.

Description of a new catfish genus (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) from the Tocantins River basin in central Brazil, with comments on the historical zoogeography of the new taxon.

This study presents the description of a new genus of the catfish subfamily Neoplecostominae from the Tocantins River basin. It can be distinguished from other neoplecostomine genera by the presence of (1) three hypertrophied bicuspid odontodes on the lateral portion of the body (character apparently present in mature males); (2) a large area without odontodes around the snout; (3) a post-dorsal ridge on the caudal peduncle; (4) a straight tooth series in the dentary and premaxillary rows; (5) the absence of abdominal plates; (6) a conspicuous series of enlarged papillae just posterior to the dentary teeth; and (7) caudal peduncle ellipsoid in cross section. We used maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods to estimate a time-calibrated tree with the published data on 116 loricariid species using one nuclear and three mitochondrial genes, and we used parametric biogeographic analyses (DEC and DECj models) to estimate ancestral geographic ranges and to infer the colonization routes of the new genus and the other neoplecostomines in the Tocantins River and the hydrographic systems of southeastern Brazil. Our phylogenetic results indicate that the new genus and species is a sister taxon of all the other members of the Neoplecostominae, originating during the Eocene at 47.5 Mya (32.7–64.5 Mya 95% HPD). The present distribution of the new genus and other neoplecostomines may be the result of a historical connection between the drainage basins of the Paraguay and Paraná rivers and the Amazon basin, mainly through headwater captures.