Boa Vista Research Articles

Case report: Clinical management of freshwater stingray wounds using negative pressure therapy

Stingray injuries represent a significant occupational hazard, particularly for fishermen, and are commonly caused by freshwater stingrays of the Potamotrygonidae family. These stingrays are equipped with a sharp, bilaterally serrated spine that delivers venom, inducing vasoconstriction, severe pain, and ischemia. Such injuries are not only intensely painful but also debilitating, often rendering victims unable to work for weeks or even months. Traditional self-treatment practices, including the application of urine and herbal remedies, are widely relied upon in affected communities but are scientifically unproven and frequently lead to delayed or suboptimal care. This study presents two clinical cases of freshwater stingray envenomation from Roraima, the northernmost state of Brazil located within the Amazon Rainforest. Both cases were managed at the infectious disease unit of the General Hospital in Boa Vista, the state capital. Patients received evidence-based medical care, including intravenous antibiotic therapy and surgical debridement to remove necrotic and devitalized tissue. In one case, advanced negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) was utilized during dressing changes, resulting in a clean wound devoid of edema and necrotic tissue, demonstrating the technique’s effectiveness in promoting wound healing. By accelerating wound healing and mitigating complications such as infections and chronic wounds, NPWT significantly enhance patient outcomes. Furthermore, this study underscores the limitations of traditional remedies and advocates for the adoption of evidence-based interventions, particularly in regions like the Brazilian Amazon, where access to healthcare can be challenging.

Infant mortality in Brazil from 2000 to 2020: a study of spatial and trend analysis

BackgroundThe Infant Mortality Rate assesses the deaths occurring in children under one year of age and serves as an important health indicator in mapping the living conditions of a given society. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the epidemiological trends of infant mortality in Brazil from 2000 to 2020, based on the most prevalent chapters of the International Classification of Diseases.MethodsThis is an ecological and retrospective study conducted using secondary data collection. The country of origin for the study is Brazil. The dependent variable of the study is infant mortality, specifically referring to children under one year of age. The independent variables include sex, color, and birth weight. The period analyzed spans from 2000 to 2020. The statistical processing was conducted using Joinpoint and GeoDa.ResultsIn the analyzed period, the most prevalent causes of infant mortality, classified according to the ICD, were: conditions originating in the perinatal period, congenital malformations, infectious and parasitic diseases, respiratory diseases, and external causes of morbidity and mortality. It is noteworthy that the majority of the causes of death in children under one year of age exemplified in this study exhibited a declining trend, except for congenital malformations, deformities and chromosomal anomalies. In addition, external causes of mortality varied greatly throughout the historical series and, when analyzing more specifically the categories in this chapter, it was found that transport accidents are the main cause of death in children under one year of age. When observing the spatial distribution of infant mortality by RIAUs, it is noticeable that the Boa Vista region presented the highest infant mortality rate in the analyzed historical series, exceeding 3,795 deaths per 100,000 infants.ConclusionsBrazil has made progress over the years in public policies aimed at reducing infant mortality in the country, particularly through the consolidation and intensification of Primary Health Care coverage, which provides health promotion, protection, and recovery by identifying the main health risks and needs of each locality. However, addressing the health determinants that influence infant mortality requires actions that go beyond the health sector.

Felsic magmatism and hydrothermal activity of the Central Igneous Complex of Boa Vista (Cape Verde islands): Insights from zircon, titanite and apatite geochronology

Felsic magmatism and hydrothermal activity of the Central Igneous Complex of Boa Vista (Cape Verde islands): Insights from zircon, titanite and apatite geochronology

Gender, Displacement, and the Ethics of Protection

Focusing on the flight of women and girls from Venezuela to Brazil, and on South American refugee regimes, this paper addresses the ethics of forced displacement and the requirements of gender-responsive systems of protection. The analysis centers the voices of displaced women brought in through fieldwork in Manaus and Boa Vista, Brazil, in 2020–2022, to identify gaps and negative effects of gender-blind provision of shelter, healthcare, and other services at crossing and reception. We argue that current approaches to protection privilege humanitarian responses to victims, whereas any efforts to break cycles of deprivation and exclusion affecting displaced women and girls should privilege determinants of relational autonomy and the social agency of displaced women and girls. By developing this analysis, we contribute directly to feminist critiques of refugee protection, and reconstruct (based on migrant women's perspectives and feminist work on relational autonomy) key elements of a gendered account of protection that centers on the recognition of autonomy.

Internesting Period and Clutch Frequency of the Endangered Loggerhead Turtle Population of Cabo Verde

ABSTRACTKnowledge about the reproductive success of sea turtles is essential for their conservation. These nest preferentially on the beaches where they were born and may nest more than once during each nesting season, with a variable number of nests per female. Several factors can lead to variations in reproductive output. This study estimated the clutch frequency and internesting period of the threatened subpopulation of the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) from the island of Boa Vista, Cabo Verde. This archipelago hosts the second‐largest (or perhaps largest) population of C. caretta globally, with Boa Vista being the most important nesting island. Female distinctions were made on their previous experience (neophytes and remigrants) and their body size. Data were collected between 2013 and 2020 through marking and recapture, on João Barrosa beach, in the Reserva Natural das Tartarugas. In years with more females nesting on beaches, a smaller percentage of nests are studied because of the difficulty in reporting them all. As such, only the first 25% of the nests were analysed. Minimum clutch frequency ranged between 3.8 and 4.1. Remigrants had a larger body size and higher clutch frequency than neophytes, without differences in the internesting period. This study also showed differences between neophyte and remigrant females, specifically only in their measured clutch frequency. However, neophytes likely switch between nesting grounds more often, evading monitoring, and highlighting their potential to move to other islands or to breed out of the main season. These findings enhance our understanding of reproductive strategies, enabling the application of distinct conservation strategies tailored to each group. Satellite telemetry could address study limitations regarding clutch frequency values and provide a better understanding of nesting patterns and the impact of environmental factors on reproduction. This could improve conservation strategies by identifying critical habitats and guiding targeted protective measures, supporting population recovery.

Uso racional de energia e geração fotovoltaica: estratégias sustentáveis para o norte do Brasil

Abstract Concern about energy efficiency and renewable energy has emerged during the global energy crisis. This issue is particularly relevant in Roraima, a state in northern Brazil, due to its dependence on isolated electrical systems. Boa Vista, the capital, has high average annual temperatures and the country's highest average residential electricity consumption, which creates an opportunity for sustainable solutions. Given the abundant availability of solar radiation in the region, photovoltaic energy has emerged as a promising alternative for meeting energy demands sustainably and economically. In this work, case studies in three homes and on a university campus in Boa Vista made it possible to analyze the energy infrastructure and challenges and propose solutions to increase energy efficiency in the state and the region. The novelty of this work lies in integrating academic perceptions about energy efficiency and photovoltaics with practical initiatives implemented on campus. The study contributes to the theoretical-scientific discourse by exploring innovative strategies to increase energy efficiency and the use of photovoltaics, helping to advance the state of the art in this field. The managerial-applied contribution guides authorities in formulating policies for technological development and the rational use of energy.

Comportamento reprodutivo e requerimento térmico de pitaias no extremo norte da amazônia

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to assess the reproductive phenology and thermal requirements of two dragon fruit species grown under the climate conditions of northern Amazon. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Boa Vista, Roraima, Brazil, during two production cycles (2020-2021 and 20212022). Two dragon fruit species were used: Hylocereus costaricensis, which produces cylindrical fruits with a red skin and purple pulp; and Hylocereus polyrhizus, which produces elongated fruits with red skin and pulp. Ten plants of each species were selected and divided into four quadrants; ten cladodes were selected per quadrant and two flower buds were selected per cladode, totaling 800 flowers for each species. The plants were monitored from the beginning of flower bud intumescence until fruit harvest. Phenological periods were evaluated from production pruning to fruit harvest, based on the phenological stage descriptions of the Biologische Bundesanstalt Bundessortenamt and Chemical Industry (BBCH) scale. Climate conditions affected the species over the years, mainly due to variations in air temperature preceding phenophases. Variations between years increased the production cycle in 20 days for H. costaricensis and 34 days for H. polyrhizus from the first (2020-2021) to the second (2021-2022) production year. Organoleptic properties of species showed excellent results, including soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), and SS to TA ratio. Complete physiological maturity of H. costaricensis and H. polyrhizus fruits occurred at 31 and 38 days after anthesis, respectively, when the fruits presented an intense red skin and pulp.

O PDDE NA EMEIF INDÍGENA FRANCISCA DE OLIVEIRA LEMOS JURUNA: UMA ANÁLISE DA APLICAÇÃO DOS RECURSOS

This article analyzes the application of the Programa Dinheiro Direto na Escola (PDDE) at the EMEIF Indígena Francisca Oliveira Lemos Juruna, located in the Boa Vista community, with the aim of understanding how the program impacts indigenous school education. Through qualitative analysis of official documents and scientific articles, we investigated the trajectory of the PDDE in this context, seeking to understand its influence on school management and the development of pedagogical actions. Preliminary results indicate that the PDDE is a crucial instrument for indigenous basic education schools, guaranteeing the acquisition of essential goods and services that directly impact the quality of teaching and the administrative organization of the school. Furthermore, the program encourages democratic management, strengthening the role of School Councils (Executing Units – Uex) in managing PDDE resources. This study aims to contribute to the understanding of the application of this public policy in the context of indigenous school education, seeking to improve the quality of socially referenced education in traditional communities.

Genetic Diversity and Antiretroviral Resistance in HIV-1-Infected Patients Newly Diagnosed in Cabo Verde.

The high genetic variability of HIV-1 and the emergence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) can impact treatment efficacy. In this study, we investigated the prevalent HIV-1 genotypes and drug-resistance-associated mutations in drug-naïve HIV-1 individuals in Cabo Verde. The study, conducted between 2018 and 2019, included drug-naïve HIV-1 individuals from the São Vicente, Boa Vista, Fogo, and Santiago islands. The HIV-1 pol gene was sequenced using Sanger sequencing. TDR was identified using the Stanford Calibrated Population Resistance tool, and resistance levels to different drugs were interpreted with the Stanford HIV database. The genetic diversity of HIV-1 was determined through phylogenetic analysis, and epidemiological and behavioural data were collected via questionnaires. Of the 73 participants, the majority were male (52.1%). The CRF02_AG recombinant form predominated (41.1%), followed by subtype G (37.0%). The overall prevalence of TDR was 9.6%. Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI) mutations occurred in 2.7% of individuals, while Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NNRTI) mutations occurred in 9.6%. The most prevalent mutations were K103N (5.5%) and M184V (2.7%). No protease- or integrase-associated mutations were found. The high levels of resistance to NNRTIs found demonstrate the need for surveillance of resistance mutations to ensure the efficacy and durability of the current therapeutic regimen, which includes Dolutegravir.

Preliminary Report on the Salvage Excavation in the Egyptian Section at the National Museum of Rio De Janeiro

On the night of 2 September 2018, a large fire struck the Brazil National Museum located in the Quinta da Boa Vista Palace, in Rio de Janeiro. The fire caused considerable damage to the structure of the building and to the collections housed inside. To rescue the collections from the affected area, a salvage excavation has been conducted in the ruins of the palace. This article provides a preliminary report on the salvage excavation in the room housing the Egyptian collection exhibition. [Formula: see text]

Anthropic Actions in the Boa Vista Community, Niterói-Rj: A Critical Evaluation on Informal Occupation

Objective: to analyze the influence of antopic actions in the community of Boa Vista Niterói-RJ. Method: descriptive, observational research, carried out by an interdisciplinary team in the Community of Boa Vista, Niterói-RJ, on July 23, 2016. Results and discussion: based on the authors' interdisciplinary knowledge, referring to social and environmental themes and sanitary, they highlight the vulnerabilities of the study area in terms of human interventions created by informal occupation. In general, the Boa Vista community has a slightly urbanized infrastructure, characterized by the distribution of electricity, masonry constructions and the paving of a few streets. Attention is paid to precarious solid waste (garbage) collection and poor basic sanitation. Conclusion: It is concluded that integrated disaster risk management is necessary, with structural and non-structural actions in this community to reduce local vulnerabilities and mitigate problems found in the study area, minimizing future disasters, which can lead to the development of regular urbanization.

Oligocene – Miocene Angiosperm Fossil Site at the Boa Vista Basin, Paraíba State, Northeast Brazil

Oligocene – Miocene Angiosperm Fossil Site at the Boa Vista Basin, Paraíba State, Northeast Brazil

6.D. Skills building seminar: Family Vulnerability Scale: Why and how to use at Primary Health Care to promote health equity?

Abstract Family vulnerability encompasses multiple perspectives that are interconnected with the health needs of each family member. Families experiencing vulnerability face heightened risks of poor health outcomes. Nonetheless, these vulnerabilities are further compounded by systemic inequalities within healthcare systems, where biological or clinical factors are exclusively considered to organize and/or prioritize access, especially given the scarcity of valid instruments to measure family vulnerability. Primary Health Care (PHC) plays a pivotal role in addressing health inequalities, especially considering its bond with community. From this context, the Family Vulnerability Scale for Brazil (EVFAM-BR, in Portuguese) was developed and validated, been composed of 14 items about four dimensions (income, healthcare, family and violence) (2019-2023). By reducing the gap between science and practice, the implementation process of EVFAM-BR was started at the same year the scale was validated (2023). First, it occurred at 14 PHC services in São Paulo (Southeast Region, Brazil) and second, since 2024 has been implemented at Boa Vista (North Region, Brazil). Also, between 2024 and 2026, the implementation of EVFAM-BR is expected to take place in other Brazilian states participating in the third phase of the PlanificaSUS project, which is developed aiming to support State health departments to implement the Health Care Planning method to organize and integrate PHC and specialized outpatient care based on population health care needs. At this stage, capacity building is needed to align the concept of family vulnerability and to train PHC managers and health professionals on how to apply and use results from EVFAM-BR. This training has already been performed for around 1,000 health professionals from two different regions of Brazil, including managers, Community Health Workers, nurses, and physicians. The present workshop proposal aims to disseminate the EVFAM-BR and to offer the EVFAM-BR experience. It proposes knowledge transferring throughout participants engagement at three activities. Activity 1) “Family Vulnerability: From concept to a scale validity and application”: it is designed to engage participants to discuss about the family vulnerability concept and applicability at PHC, and to discuss on how EVFAM-BR implementation process has been occurring at Brazil and how can be tailored to other contexts. Activity 2) “Role Play: Practicing EVFAM-BR”: Two cases will be used for role play dynamics that will take place in trios, in which one will represent the community health worker, another will be the patient and the third will be the observer. Activity 3) That ones that assumed observer role will share their experiences of using EVFAM-BR. Finally, a discussion will be facilitated based on the participants’ impressions and a review of the main points covered throughout the workshop. Key messages • Family vulnerability stratification (through EVFAM-BR) is essential to plan services achieving equity and qualified population-based care management and to qualify patient approach and care. • Family Vulnerability Scale (EVFAM-BR) training represents efforts to reduce the gap between research and practice and contributes to address social determinants of health on healthcare.

Lazer Boa Vista: Web Application of Leisure Spaces in Boa Vista/Roraima

Objective: The main objective of this study was to explore and identify the main leisure spaces in Boa Vista/Roraima, and to develop a web application that allows users to access interactive multimedia content with the information researched about the municipality (leisure spaces, equipment and activities). Theoretical Framework: The concept of leisure has changed over the years and is currently defined as moments of fun and relaxation in one's free time from work. Providing accurate and up-to-date information on leisure spaces enables people to access and occupy them quickly. Method: This study is characterized by exploratory research and applied research, as its purpose was to generate a product. After the exploratory research, the neighborhoods with the greatest potential for leisure spaces were defined to make up the web application. Leisure research tools were used (bibliographic and documentary research) and application development tools (the programming language suited to the application's purpose). Results and Discussion: 28 neighborhoods with preserved leisure spaces were found, including 25 types of leisure equipment and 45 types of leisure activities practiced in these spaces. This information was used to create the “Lazer Boa Vista” web application. Originality/Value: This study contributes by gathering and listing the leisure spaces in the municipality of Boa Vista/RR. The relevance of this study stands out for highlighting tourist leisure spaces, collaborating with this area socio-economically, popularizing and disseminating them through digital marketing.

Venezuelan migration to Brazil: teachers and students co-constructing multicultural education inside classrooms

PurposeThis study aims to show the complexities of engagement between students - Venezuelan and Brazilian - and their teachers. This qualitative ethnographic study documents the everyday pedagogies and practices that take place in elementary schools with high levels of refugee and immigrant children. While Brazilian law ensures the basic right to public education, forbidding discrimination based on nationality or immigration status (Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação, 1996), the barriers remain. Through the frameworks of multicultural (USA) and intercultural (Brazil) education, this paper shows how Brazilian teachers and students of Venezuelan and Brazilian backgrounds engage, learn from one another and build welcoming spaces, but also how stereotypes are reinforced inside classrooms and schools.Design/methodology/approachThis qualitative study uses ethnography to understand how recent Venezuelan migratory flow influences Brazilian and Venezuelan children’s educational experiences in elementary education. Participants were Venezuelan (N = 57) and Brazilian (N = 76) children in two elementary schools in the city of Boa Vista. Data sources for the study are school observations in four elementary classrooms (1st and 2nd grade) and semi-structured interviews with caregivers, teachers, administrators and other educators. This paper also collected children’s drawings and writings and documents like curricula, strategic planning, guidelines, policies, grades, reports and any other textual or photographic material made available at the city level.FindingsIn the field of education, there is a critical need for understanding children’s education experiences. This paper focuses on the experiences of teachers and students in two elementary schools in Brazil. This paper focus on two findings: first that teachers promote the learning of Portuguese to show care toward their Venezuelan students. Second, children in the classroom show solidarity with one another and resist some of the more rigid Portuguese-only practices enacted by teachers. This work uses the frameworks of intercultural (more commonly used in Brazil) and multicultural education to inform the analysis.Research limitations/implicationsIn this study, this paper puts these frameworks of interculturalism, multiculturalism, language use and solidarity into conversation to understand the dynamics of two elementary classrooms in the city of Boa Vista, Brazil. While this paper shows the shortcomings of a seemingly multicultural and multilanguage classroom, it also shows how children actively resist the rigidity of teaching and learning in elementary schooling.Originality/valueThis study is a response both to the increasing South–South migration trend in Latin America and its consequences on public education systems. Through multicultural and intercultural lenses, this research highlighted the complexity of interactions within multicultural classrooms by delving into a two-year ethnographic study conducted in Boa Vista, Brazil, focusing on Venezuelan and Brazilian children in two local elementary schools. This paper focused on two main observations this paper refers to as “Teaching Portuguese as a Way of Caring” and “Children's Solidarity Work.” Teachers primarily centered their instruction on teaching Portuguese to migrant children, believing it to lead to quicker integration in the classroom and beyond – thus as a way of caring for their migrant students.

THE CHALLENGES OF EJA TEACHERS

The present work aimed to report the experiences of teachers working at EJA in a school in the municipal network of Boa Vista, Roraima. The need to understand the challenges and practices of teaching methodologies in EJA was addressed. The methodology used was content analysis. The results revealed three categories: Category 1 - Training; Category 2 - Challenges; Category 3 - affectivity, which evidenced the way EJA teachers understand the teaching/learning issues of these students. The investigation pointed out that the lack of implementation of public and educational policies represented by the categories analyzed requires a change of paradigms, as well as physical structure, pedagogical/didactic and human resources. In addition to the issue of teacher training to deal with learning difficulties of EJA students. It is concluded that the pedagogical practices that serve both young and adults need to be renewed, but always considering their prior knowledge for more significant learning.

High serological and molecular prevalence of Ehrlichia canis and other vector-borne pathogens in dogs from Boa Vista Island, Cape Verde

Despite the high global impacts of canine vector-borne diseases (CVBD) due to their wide distribution and zoonotic potential, the current epidemiological situation of CVBD in many tropical and subtropical regions remains unknown. This study examines the seroprevalence and molecular prevalence of Ehrlichia canis and other pathogens causing CVBDs (Leishmania infantum, Dirofilaria immitis, Babesia spp., Anaplasma spp. and Hepatozoon canis) in dogs living on the island of Boa Vista (Cape Verde Republic). Blood samples and infesting ticks were taken from 150 dogs across the island (stray, shelter, and pet dogs). Serum samples were tested using a rapid immunochromatographic test (Uranotest® Quattro) that detects antibodies against E. canis, L. infantum, Anaplasma spp. and D. immitis antigen. Levels of serum antibodies against E. canis were measured using the immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). In addition, tick-borne pathogens in blood samples (Anaplasma spp., Babesia spp., Hepatozoon spp., and Ehrlichia canis) were detected by microscopy observation and/or PCR plus sequencing. The seroprevalence of E. canis was extremely high at 82% (123/150), as revealed by both immunochromatography and IFAT. Most dogs returning a seropositive test result (82.92%; 102/123) had antibody titres > 1:1280 but showed no clinical signs or notable laboratory abnormalities. Of the 123 animals testing seropositive for E. canis, 67 (54.47%) also presented antibodies against Anaplasma spp., and 13 (10.56%) showed the presence of Hepatozoon spp. gamonts in the blood smear. Ehrlichia canis infection was detected in 17.1% (25/146) of dogs tested by direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products. Co-infections were detected in seven of these dogs: four dogs tested PCR-positive for both E. canis and A. platys, two dogs tested positive for E. canis and Hepatozoon spp., and one dog tested positive for E. canis, A. platys and Hepatozoon spp. Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato was the only tick species found infesting the canine study population. The high prevalence of tick-borne pathogens detected in dogs from Boa Vista Island highlights a need for improved control measures designed to prevent the transmission of these pathogens.Graphical

Investigation of Mutations in the crt-o and mdr1 Genes of Plasmodium vivax for the Molecular Surveillance of Chloroquine Resistance in Parasites from Gold Mining Areas in Roraima, Brazil.

Plasmodium vivax causes the largest malaria burden in Brazil, and chloroquine resistance poses a challenge to eliminating malaria by 2035. Illegal mining in the Roraima Yanomami Indigenous territory can lead to the introduction of resistant parasites. This study aimed to investigate mutations in the pvcrt-o and pvmdr-1 genes to determine their potential as predictors of P. vivax chloroquine-resistant phenotypes. Samples were collected in two health centers of Boa Vista. A questionnaire was completed, and blood was drawn from each patient. Then, DNA extraction, PCR, amplicon purification, and DNA sequencing were performed. After alignment with the Sal-1, the amplified fragment was analyzed. Patients infected with the mutant parasites were queried in the Surveillance Information System. Among the patients, 98% (157/164) of participants were from illegal mining areas. The pvcrt-o was sequenced in 151 samples, and the K10 insertion was identified in 13% of them. The pvmdr1 was sequenced in 80 samples, and the MYF haplotype (958M) was detected in 92% of them and the TYF was detected in 8%, while the MYL was absent. No cases of recrudescence, hospitalization, or death were found. Mutations in the pvcrt-o and pvmdr-1 genes have no potential to predict chloroquine resistance in P. vivax.

Improving Water Efficiency in Higher Education Institutions: Contributions From the Boa Vista Campus of the Federal Institute of Roraima

Objective: The objective of this work is to propose recommendations to improve the management of water resources in a federal higher education institution, aiming to increase water use efficiency and promote a culture of sustainability among students and the local community. This can serve as a benchmark for institutions with similar characteristics. Theoretical Framework: Efficient management of water resources is crucial given the growing global challenge of water scarcity, especially in educational contexts, as they consume a lot of this resource and have a commitment to citizen education. The theoretical framework includes concepts related to sustainability, resource management, and educational institution practices. Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises a single case study, which allowed for an in-depth analysis of institutional practices and their environmental impacts. Data collection was carried out through various methods, including document analysis, interviews with key stakeholders, and observations of water use practices. Results and Discussion: The results highlight the identification of good practices and challenges faced in water resource management within the institution. The discussion contextualizes these results in light of the theoretical framework, highlighting the implications for sustainability and efficiency in water use. Areas of inefficiency were identified, and sustainable strategies were developed. Possible discrepancies and limitations of the study are also considered in this section. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research provide insights into how the results can be applied or influence practices in the field of sustainable water management in educational environments. These implications include recommendations for short, medium, and long-term actions that are replicable to other institutions. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by updating sustainable water management practices in educational environments and offers significant applied contributions to the implementation of effective water management solutions. The relevance and value of this research are evidenced by its potential impact on decision-making by managers of other educational units.

Consumption of Ultra-Processed Foods in the Brazilian Amazon during COVID-19.

A COVID-19 pandemic erupted, causing a global viral pneumonia outbreak, marking the most significant public health crisis of the 21st century. These changes profoundly impacted population health and well-being, leading to shifts in dietary habits. This study aimed to evaluate the consumption of ultra-processed foods in the Brazilian Amazon before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This is a secondary data analysis study derived from the Surveillance System of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel, 2019-2021) of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. All statistical analyses were performed using the Stata 17 statistical program in the survey module (svy). We found an increased frequency in the subgroups of consumption of ultra-processed foods in the capital of the Brazilian Amazon region between the years 2019 and 2021. In the cities of Boa Vista and Macapá, there was a significant increase in the consumption of snacks, salty snacks, cookies, and meat products. Boa Vista and Macapá showed an increase in the percentage difference in the consumption ≥5 of ultra-processed subgroups, being 30.4% (p = 0.014) and 53.7% (p = 0.014), respectively. The study indicated an increase in the consumption of ultra-processed foods in the Brazilian Amazon region during and after social distancing.