Blood Vessels Of Different Sizes Research Articles

ORAL ANGIOLEIOMYOMA: A CASE REPORT

Angioleiomyoma is a benign neoplasm of perivascular origin and uncommon in the oral cavity. This lesion is treated with surgery and prognosis is considered favorable. This paper reports the case of a 36-year-old melanoderma patient who presented to a diagnostic service reporting an increase in volume with approximately five years of evolution and without painful symptoms. Clinically, a nodular, normal-colored lesion of fibrous consistency was observed, located in the mucous of the right upper lip, measuring approximately 15 mm in its largest dimensions. In line with the clinical aspect, an excisional biopsy of the entire lesion was performed and later sent for anatomopathological analysis with a diagnostic hypothesis of salivary gland neoplasia. Histopathological examination showed proliferation of smooth muscle cells and blood vessels of different sizes with thick walls. The histological findings were compatible for the diagnosis of angioleiomyoma. Patient has been without injury for six months. Angioleiomyoma is a benign neoplasm of perivascular origin and uncommon in the oral cavity. This lesion is treated with surgery and prognosis is considered favorable. This paper reports the case of a 36-year-old melanoderma patient who presented to a diagnostic service reporting an increase in volume with approximately five years of evolution and without painful symptoms. Clinically, a nodular, normal-colored lesion of fibrous consistency was observed, located in the mucous of the right upper lip, measuring approximately 15 mm in its largest dimensions. In line with the clinical aspect, an excisional biopsy of the entire lesion was performed and later sent for anatomopathological analysis with a diagnostic hypothesis of salivary gland neoplasia. Histopathological examination showed proliferation of smooth muscle cells and blood vessels of different sizes with thick walls. The histological findings were compatible for the diagnosis of angioleiomyoma. Patient has been without injury for six months.

Early diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis

Systemic vasculitis is a group of heterogeneous diseases characterized by inflammation of the vascular wall. They can be primary or arise in the context of another disease. Blood vessels of different sizes are affected, being mainly divided into small, medium and large vessels. Takayasu's arteritis is a vasculitis of the large blood vessels, most often affecting the aorta and its branches, subclavian arteries, iliac, femoral arteries and others. The presented clinical case concerns a woman with non-specific symptoms - low fever, sweating, weight loss, easy fatigue. After excluding an infectious genesis of the complaints, a diagnosis of Takayasu's Arteritis was made in the early phase of the disease as a result of Positron emission tomography. Corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy was started. When conducting a control PET, 20 months after the start of the therapy, a significant regression to absence of the findings from the imaging study was observed.

Clinical manifestations and imaging and pathological features of giant cell angioblastoma: Report of four cases and literature review.

Giant cell angioblastoma is a relatively rare vasogenic tumour. To date, studies on its clinical manifestations, imaging characteristics, pathological features, and prognosis are extremely limited and unknown, with only a few cases recorded. In this study, four cases of giant cell angioblastoma confirmed by pathological examination were reported to improve our understanding and deep exploration of the tumour spectrum. All cases in our study were male, including two adults and two boys. The lesions were located in the lower segment of the femur, medial condyle of the femur, knee joint, and popliteal fossa. Regarding the imaging characteristics, two patients with lesions in bone showed bone destruction, while the other two had lesions that invaded soft tissues, showing irregular, abnormal signal shadows and obvious enhancement. Histopathological analysis revealed that the nodular tumour tissue was mainly composed of oval and spindle cells, with varying numbers of osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells, and the interstitial tissues were often filled with blood vessels of different sizes. The immunophenotype demonstrates that endothelial cells of small vessels in nodules expressed CD31, SMA, and ERG, while osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells and histiocytes expressed CD68 and CD163, and the surrounding cells expressed SMA. All four patients were treated with surgical resection. One of them relapsed 1 month after surgery and received a second surgical resection. No distant metastasis or death occurred during the follow-up period. This study indicates that giant cell angioblastoma is a local invasive vascular tumour that can develop both in children and adults with skin, mucous membrane, soft tissue, and bone involvement. Imaging characteristics show bone destruction and irregular, abnormal signal shadows; in addition, obvious pathological morphological features can be observed. Currently, the treatment is mainly surgical resection, and interferons may be used as adjuvant chemotherapy.

Optic disc localization using graph traversal algorithm along blood vessel in polar retinal image

The optic disc (OD) is an important landmark of the retina and its location is essential for computer-aided diagnosis of diabetic retinopathy and glaucoma. This paper presented a new method that applies the proposed graph traversal algorithm for vertical vascular infrastructure to detect root nodes representing the location of optical discs. The proposed algorithms were designed to process the terrific view of blood vessels from a polar image without depending on the prominent OD characteristic of circular/elliptical shape and brightness. Before constructing the vascular infrastructure, the new multi-scale and multi-orientation top-hat filters were proposed to properly approximate blood vessels of different sizes and directions. The proposed method provided efficiency and certainty for complex retinal images such as low contrast OD with low illumination and distorted OD shape due to complex vascular structure. The algorithms evaluation was performed on five public fundus image databases for retinal image analysis. Experimental results revealed that the proposed algorithm identified valid optical discs with high accuracy as 91.21%, 95.09%, 88.45%, 91.66%, and 95.01% for the five corresponding data sets and outperformed comparison methods.

Nanodispersions of magnetic poly(vinyl pivalate) for biomedical applications: Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of its cytotoxicity in cancer cells

The development of polymeric nanomaterials, combining properties of polymers and superparamagnetic nanoparticles, has potential for biomedical applications, such as treatment of tumors through intravascular embolization and hyperthermia. Therefore, this work aims at development of a new magnetopolymeric fluid formed by magnetic nanoparticles of iron oxide (Fe3O4) coated with chemically modified oleic acid and which were uniformly dispersed in spherical nanoparticles of poly(vinyl pivalate) through in situ polymerization process via miniemulsion, synthesized using from 5.0 to 20.0 wt% of magnetic oxide in relation to vinyl pivalate content. Samples were characterized by infrared absorption vibration spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, dynamic light scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer and magnetic induction heating test. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in vitro in B16F10 melanoma cancer cells, murine mammary adenocarcinoma (4T1-luciferase), NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells and human keratinocytes (HaCat). The magnetopolymeric fluids exhibited maximum conversions of approximately 82 %, hydrodynamic diameter of 180 nm, spherical morphology, preserved superparamagnetic behavior and glass transition temperature ranging from 56.2 to 62.5 °C. Cell viability tests demonstrated that nanocomposites presented low cytotoxicity to tumor and non-tumor cells at concentrations studied. These results suggest potential of magnetopolymeric fluids as an embolic agent for selective and complete obstruction of blood vessels of different sizes and capacity for treatment by hyperthermia.

Comparative Anatomical and Histological Study of the pecten oculi in three species of birds that differ in their nutrition

The present study dealt with the anatomical and histological structure of pecten oculi in three species of birds that differ in their nutrition, these birds were Accipiter nisus, Sturnus vulgaris and Taeniopygia guttata, by using compound light microscope and five different histological stains. The result showed that, pecten oculi was in the three species of pleated type and consisted of 17 folds in Accipiter nisus, 26 folds in Sturnus vulgaris and 19 folds in Taeniopygia guttata, these folds were vary in their thickness, as they were thicker in Accipiter nisus than the other two species. The results also showed that the pecten oculi folds of the three species contains three types of blood vessels: large size, medium size and blood capillaries. The three types of vessels were differ in their diameter and their distribution between the folds of pecten oculi with in one speceis as well as they differ in the other three species. Pecten oculi also contains pigment cells as well as peripheral cells, it ends in the three birds speceis with a structure known as the bridge which is consist of connective tissue and dense pigment cells. The bridge is rich in blood vessels of different sizes. The present study concluded that the pecten oculi differ in components and anatomical features in different speceis of birds.

In vivo visualization of mitochondria in the cerebral endothelium of mice

Mitochondria play prominent roles in the maintenance, performance, and adaptability of the cerebral circulation, but methodological limitations have prevented the detailed study of mitochondrial dynamics in the in vivo parenchymal circulation. Previous studies primarily have been done in isolated tissue and mitochondria or in cell cultures using transient fluorescent labeling. To remedy this situation, we have developed an entirely new imaging approach involving permanent labeling of mitochondria to study mitochondrial characteristics such as location, morphology, density, and size in endothelium of cerebral blood vessels. B6;129S-Gt( ROSA)26Sortm1(CAG-COX8A/Dendra2)Dcc/J and B6.Cg-Tg(Tek-cre)1Ywa/J mice strains (Jackson Laboratory) were bred and the offspring were used to visualize cerebrovascular endothelial mitochondria, in vivo, expressing MitoDendra2. The following primers and conditions were used for genotyping the mice in order to verify success of the breeding program: 1) GTA GGT GGA AAT TCT AGC ATC ATC C; 2) CTA GGC CAC AGA ATT GAA AGA TCT; 3) GTG AAA CAG CAT TGC TGT CAC TT; 4) GCG GTC TGG CAG TAA AAA CTA TC; 5) TCA ATG GGC GGG GGT CGT T; 6) TCC TGG CTT CTG AGG ACC GC; and 7) TTC CCC TGC AGG ACA ACG CC (PCR conditions [temperature, time, cycle]: Stage 1: 94°C, 2 m, 1x; Stage 2: 94°C, 0.5 m, 35x; 58°C, 0.5 m, 35x, and 72°C, 0.5 m, 35x; Stage 3: 72°C, 10 m, 1x, and 4°C]. Examination of the cerebral vasculature in these mice using multiphoton microscopy demonstrated the localization of Dendra2 only in the endothelium of parenchymal blood vessels of different sizes and locations. This novel approach allows us to study the mitochondrial characteristics of the in vivo parenchymal circulation in real time, repeatedly, in the same mice over the course of minutes, hours, days, and weeks under normal conditions and following stresses such as experimental strokes or chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. We can combine this approach with the use of mitochondrial fluoroprobes in vivo, and with electron microscopy, western blot, and measurements of mitochondrial respiration ex vivo for the investigation of mitochondrial mechanism in the cerebral vasculature. Support or Funding Information This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants [HL-077731; HL093554 (DWB), and NS094834 (PVK)], Louisiana Board of Regents Endowed Chairs for Eminent Scholars program (DWB), American Heart Association grants [15POST23040005; 17SDG33410366 (IR), and 14SDG20490359 (PVK)]. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Effect of ocular shape and vascular geometry on retinal hemodynamics: a computational model.

A computational model for retinal hemodynamics accounting for ocular curvature is presented. The model combines (i) a hierarchical Darcy model for the flow through small arterioles, capillaries and small venules in the retinal tissue, where blood vessels of different size are comprised in different hierarchical levels of a porous medium; and (ii) a one-dimensional network model for the blood flow through retinal arterioles and venules of larger size. The non-planar ocular shape is included by (i) defining the hierarchical Darcy flow model on a two-dimensional curved surface embedded in the three-dimensional space; and (ii) mapping the simplified one-dimensional network model onto the curved surface. The model is solved numerically using a finite element method in which spatial domain and hierarchical levels are discretized separately. For the finite element method, we use an exterior calculus-based implementation which permits an easier treatment of non-planar domains. Numerical solutions are verified against suitably constructed analytical solutions. Numerical experiments are performed to investigate how retinal hemodynamics is influenced by the ocular shape (sphere, oblate spheroid, prolate spheroid and barrel are compared) and vascular architecture (four vascular arcs and a branching vascular tree are compared). The model predictions show that changes in ocular shape induce non-uniform alterations of blood pressure and velocity in the retina. In particular, we found that (i) the temporal region is affected the least by changes in ocular shape, and (ii) the barrel shape departs the most from the hemispherical reference geometry in terms of associated pressure and velocity distributions in the retinal microvasculature. These results support the clinical hypothesis that alterations in ocular shape, such as those occurring in myopic eyes, might be associated with pathological alterations in retinal hemodynamics.

Fourth ventricle primitive choroid plexus papilloma with divergent differentiation potentials: a case report

Choroid plexus tumors are rare tumors, although choroid plexus tumours account for 0.3%-0.6% of all brain tumors. We presented a rare case in four ventricle tumor, a primitive choroid plexus Papilloma with divergent differentiation potentials. In 43 year-old male, he started with postural vertigo, occipital cephalea, temporary diplopia and right lateropulsion from two years ago. MRI showed hyperintense tumor in the fourth ventricle with signs of cerebral edema and hemangioblastoma was proposed. Microscopically the tumor was composed of two histological components; one consists of blood vessels of different sizes and capillaries type a rich anastomosing network with these stromal cells are epithelioid-looking, broad with eosinophilic cytoplasm, and occasionally were vacuolated or foamy cytoplasm. The second one composed of epithelial cells forming papillae structures of varying sizes and shape with endothelial hyperplasia and some papillae presenting reached glomeruli-like structures, with ependymoma and haemangioblastoma appearance. The case presented may constitute a new neoplastic entity within the recently described spectrum of central nervous system tumors with ependymal features. Just two cases of this rare combination of different histological patterns have been reported in choroid with displacement and maldifferentiation of primitive, multipotent neuroepithelial cells.

Antiphospholipid syndrome

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by recurrent arterial or venous thromboembolism or pregnancy loss in association with antibodies directed against anionic phospholipids or against plasma proteins bound to anionic phospholipids. It occurs in 15-30 % of patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus (secondary APS) but can also occur without an underlying connective tissue disease (primary APS). The reason for the huge variety of clinical manifestations is thromboembolic vaso-occlusive disease and not vasculitis in blood vessels of different sizes and sites (e.g. deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism and cerebrovascular disease). Accordingly, fetal abortion is also caused by infarctions of blood vessels in the placenta typically after the tenth week of gestation. Establishing the correct diagnosis of APS is not easy. Diagnosis should not rely on only slightly or temporarily elevated levels of AP antibodies as thrombosis might occur due to other reasons even in patients with AP antibodies. The estimation of the risk of thrombotic complications as well as the type and intensity of a suitable anticoagulation prophylaxis are challenging in the treatment of patients with APS. Antiplatelet agents (aspirin), heparin and vitamin K antagonists are used for therapy. Immunosuppression is not effective for the prevention of thromboembolic complications; therefore, not only problem issues on laboratory diagnostics but also current therapeutic recommendations are presented.

A case of cutaneous angiolipoleiomyoma (angiomyolipoma) in a budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus)

We report a case of cutaneous angiolipoleiomyoma (angiomyolipoma) found on the anterior wall of the ventral part of the abdomen of a three-year-old female budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). Histologic examination of the well-circumscribed, surgically removed tumour (1.5 cm in diameter) showed a benign admixed proliferation of blood vessels of different size, smooth muscle bundles, and mature adipose tissue, without evidence of malignancy. Endothelial cells of the haemangioma component were positive for claudin-5 endothelium-specific immunohistochemical marker, and the leiomyoma component was positive for α-smooth muscle actin. The differentiated lipocytes showed S-100 protein positivity. The Ki-67 labelling index was 2 to 3%. The mesenchymal tumour was negative for HMB45 melanocytic immunhistochemical marker. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing a cutaneous angiolipoleiomyoma in a budgerigar with histological and immunohistochemical analyses.

AB0241 Type and incidence of systemic vasculitis in progressive systemic sclerosis

ObjectivesThe aim of this postmortem study was to determine the type and incidence of systemic vasculitis (SV) with or without fibromuscular and/or intimal proliferation and successive adventitial fibrosis (FIP) in...

AB0240 Prevalence and severity of systemic vasculitis in various organs of patients with progressive system

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine: the prevalence and severity of systemic vasculitis (SV) with or without fibromuscular and/or intimal proliferation (FIP) in various organs of SSc patients.Methods12...

AB0466 Prevalence of systemic vasculitis in various organs – a comparative postmortem study of 36 rheumatoid arthritis and 11 progessive systemic sclerosis patients

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to compare the incidence and severity of systemic vasculitis (SV) in various organs of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and progressive systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients.MethodsTwelve organs...

SAT0158 Type of Vasculitis in Blood Vessels of Different Sizes-A Comparative Postmortem Study Of 36 Rheumatoid Arthritis and 11 Progessive Systemic Sclerosis Patients

ObjectivesSystemic vasculitis (SV) followed by chronic degenerative (ischemic) and progressive (fibrotic) changes is a basic complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and of progressive systemic sclerosis (SSc).The aim of this study...

FRI0340 Prevalence and systemic feature of temporal arteritis and phlebitis in polymyalgia rheumatica

BackgroundPolymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) may be complicated by inflammation of the temporal artery in about 10-20% of the patients; inversely, about 40-50% of people with temporal arteritis (TA) also have PMR...

AB0468 Relapsing and systemic nature of temporal arteritis

BackgroundTemporal arteritis (TA) with or without polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is a systemic disorder involving different size of arteries and even veins with a predilection for branches of temporal arteries. Some...

Antiphospholipidsyndrom

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by recurrent arterial or venous thromboembolism or pregnancy loss in association with antibodies directed against anionic phospholipids or plasma proteins bound to anionic phospholipids. A common cause of the huge variety of clinical manifestations is vaso-occlusive disease and not vasculitis in venous or arterial blood vessels of different sizes and sites (i.e. deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, cerebrovascular disease). In accordance with this, fetal abortion, typically beyond the tenth week of gestation, is also caused by infarctions of blood vessels in the placenta. Establishing the correct diagnosis of APS is not easy. To estimate the risk of thrombotic complications is challenging, as well as the questions of, which, how long and in what strength anticoagulation is recommended. This paper should enable the reader to apply international consensus classification criteria correctly, to interpret the different laboratory tests for anti-phospholipid antibodies and to gain an awareness of the different forms of anticoagulation in order to stratify therapeutic decisions.

Nasal angiomyolipoma

Angiomyolipomas (AMLs) are hamartomatous lesions containing smooth muscle, vasculature and mature adipose tissue. AML occurs most frequently in the kidneys, with the liver being the second commonest site of involvement. Other localizations for AML are extremely rare and, to our knowledge, only six cases of AML of the nasal cavity have been reported to date. Our case involved a 52-year-old male who presented with a history of snoring and obstruction of the left nasal cavity. Physical examination revealed a 3-cm polypoid mass in the left nasal cavity, which was excised surgically. Histopathologic examination revealed that the lesion was composed of smooth muscle bundles, mature adipose tissue and blood vessels of different sizes. No epitheloid smooth muscle cells were observed and HMB-45 staining was negative. In conclusion, although nasal AML is a rare lesion, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of polypoid nasal masses, especially when the mass occurs unilaterally.

A novel endothelial-specific membrane protein is a marker of cell-cell contacts.

mAbs were raised in mice against cultured human endothelial cells (EC) and screened by indirect immunofluorescence for their ability to stain intercellular contacts. One mAb denoted 7B4 was identified which, out of many cultured cell types, specifically decorated cultured human EC. The antigen recognized by mAb 7B4 is bound at the appositional surfaces of cultured EC only as they become confluent and is stably expressed at intercellular boundaries of confluent monolayers. EC recognition specificity was maintained when the antibody was assayed by immuno-histochemistry in tissue sections of many normal and malignant tissues and in blood vessels of different size and type. The antigen recognized by 7B4 was enriched at EC intercellular boundaries similarly in vitro and in situ. In vitro, addition of mAb 7B4 to confluent EC increased permeation of macromolecules across monolayers even without any obvious changes of cell morphology. In addition, when EC permeability was increased by agents such as thrombin, elastase, and TNF/gamma IFN, its distribution pattern at intercellular contact rims was severely altered. mAb 7B4 immunoprecipitated a major protein of 140 kD from metabolically and surface-labeled cultured EC extracts which appeared to be an integral membrane glycoprotein. On the basis of its distribution in cultured cells and in tissues in situ, 7B4 antigen is distinct from other described EC proteins enriched at intercellular contacts. NH2-terminal sequencing of the antigen, immunopurified from human placenta, and sequencing of peptides from tryptic peptide maps revealed identity to the cDNA deduced sequence of a recently identified new member of the cadherin family (Suzuki, S., K. Sano, and H. Tanihara. 1991. Cell Regul. 2:261-270.) These data indicate that 7B4 antigen is an endothelial-specific cadherin that plays a role in the organization of lateral endothelial junctions and in the control of permeability properties of vascular endothelium.