Blood Serum Of Experimental Animals Research Articles

Features of metabolism in chronic wound remodelling

Background/Aim: The treatment of chronic wounds continues to be a pressing problem throughout the world. Healing occurs through some evolutionarily conserved biochemical pathways. The mechanisms of development of disorders of reparative regeneration are not fully understood. The work aimed to study the dynamics of changes in metabolic parameters during the healing of chronic wounds. Methods: Healthy Wistar rats were divided into two groups. The animals of the first group were intact. Chronic wounds were simulated for the animals of the second group. On days 7, 14 and 28 after wound creation, the animals were euthanised. Biochemical parameters such as glucose, total protein, albumin, cholesterol, urea, creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were assessed in the blood serum of animals. Results: It was found that the maximum decrease in glucose and total protein levels in the blood serum of animals in the experimental groups compared to intact animals was observed 2 weeks after surgery: the glucose concentration in rats was 1.7 times lower (p < 0.001). The level of albumin in the blood serum of experimental animals compared to intact animals was reduced by 1.5 times after 14 days (p < 0.001) and by 1.2 times after 28 days (p < 0.01). A week after surgery, the concentration of urea in the blood serum of experimental animals was 1.3 times higher (p < 0.01) than in intact rats and by day 28 after surgery, the urea level was 1.4 times higher (p < 0.001). The reduction in cholesterol and creatinine levels was not significant. An increase in AST, AST and ALP levels in the blood serum of experimental animals was shown. An increase in the blood serum of animals 7 days after surgery compared to the indicators of intact animals: ALP concentrations by 2.8 times (p < 0.001) and ALT concentrations by 1.4 times (p < 0.001) was established. The AST level significantly increased 14 days after surgery (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The study of metabolic parameters allows monitoring of the state of the body during the healing process of wounds to correct treatment tactics.

INDICATORS OF COLLAGEN METABOLISM, CONTENT OF MICRO- AND MACRO ELEMENTS AS BIOMARKERS FOR PREDICTING CHANGES IN DENTAL STATUS IN RATS WITH EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED FETAL MACROSOMIA

Diseases that manifest in adult life are largely "pre-programmed" already in utero. Fetal macrosomia defined as a body weight at birth of 4.000 grams or more is a condition associated with a range of immediate and long-term consequences. Objective. This study is focused on determining the indicators of collagen metabolism and the exchange of micro- and macroelements in the blood serum of experimental animals born macrosomic. The aim is to establish if any of prognostic markers for the emergence of dental disorders can be found. Material and Methods. Rats of Wistar Albino Glaxo population born with induced macrosomia were used as the test animals. The markers for connective tissue metabolism (free and bound oxyproline) as well as levels of calcium, potassium, copper, magnesium, and zinc were analyzed in the serum of 104 rats in total. The animals were divided into groups immediately after birth according to their weight-height parameters and were sacrificed on the 1st, 90th, 180th, 360th, and 540th day after their birth. Research Results. In the blood serum of animals born macrosomic but with a relative insufficiency of body weight (a weight-height index was lower than that in the control group), as well as in animals with «harmonious intrauterine development» (a weight-height index was comparable with that in the control group), a decrease in copper concentrations by 5–20% and decrease in magnesium levels by 20–40% were registered. Also, reduction by factor 1.4 of the bound fraction of oxyproline and an increase of no more than by factor 1.7 of its free fraction were found. Such biochemical changes precede the formation of periodontal disease. In animals born with "intrauterine obesity" (a weight-height index was higher than that in the control group) and who had the highest intensity of caries among all animals, biochemical changes emerged at an earlier stages of the monitored lifespan. In the serum of such animals, a decrease in magnesium levels by 13–38%, a decrease in zinc by 4–12%, and an increase of up to 11% in copper levels were found. A reduction in the bound fraction of hydroxyproline by factor 1.2–1.4 and an increase in its free fraction by factor 1.4–2.6 were also observed. According to the performed correlation analysis, the significance of the relationship (degree of correlation or anticorrelation and their reliability) between the studied indicators and caries was proven to increase for older animals. Conclusion: In animals born macrosomic, mineral metabolism as well as significant changes of in the organic component in their connective tissue leading to alterations in the bone tissue of the periodontium and the hard tooth tissues. Biochemical changes in the blood serum of rats precede the development of periodontal tissue diseases and carious lesions in ontogeny and depend on the weight-height parameters of the animals at birth.

ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ГЕПАТОТОКСИЧЕСКОГО ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЯ ГИДРОКСИДА АЛЮМИНИЯ, ВВОДИМОГО В ЖЕЛУДОЧНО-КИШЕЧНЫЙ ТРАКТ КРЫС, В ПОДОСТРОМ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЕ

Aluminum (Al) has various toxic effects on biosystems. Essential properties of aluminum have not been established, the mechanisms of impairment are insufficiently studied. The negative impact of aluminum on the human body leads to liver damage, increased oxidative stress and development of hepatotoxicity. Blood enzymes are characteristic markers of liver function and are used to assess the toxicity of environmental pollutants. The aim of the study was to investigate the activity of enzyme markers of hepatotoxicity, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the blood of laboratory animals after subacute intoxication with aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3). The experiment was conducted on 80 white rats divided into 4 groups. Three groups of animals orally received Al(OH)3 solution of different concentrations for a month, the control group was administered distilled water. At the end of the experiment, enzyme activity in the blood serum was measured. The increase in the AST level in the first group is associated with changes in hepatocytes. The decrease in ALT activity in the experimental groups is associated with the peculiarities of aluminum excretion. By analogy with AST, an increase in the concentration of LDH was registered in the first group, while a decrease in the level of the indicator was shown in the second and third groups. A decrease in the activity of alkaline phosphatase indicates a violation of metabolic processes in cells. The effect of Al(OH)3 for a month caused certain changes in liver markers in the blood serum of experimental animals. For a more complete understanding of the hepatotoxic effects of aluminum, additional biochemical studies are needed to assess the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes.

EFFECT OF FEED ADDITIVE DHQEC ON INDICATORS OF ANTIOXIDANT STATUS IN FATTENING PIGS

World consumption of pork is steadily increasing, with the growing demand for pork being met by increasing both the number of pigs and their slaughter weight. However, pork production faces negative factors leading to the development of oxidative stress, which does not allow the genetic potential of the breeds to be fully realised. Particular attention is paid to the post-weaning period in pigs, when they are exposed to numerous stresses, with low adaptive capacity. This is an important period in pig rearing as it is often accompanied by temporary low feed intake, poor growth, intestinal dysbiosis and diarrhoea after weaning. These factors pose a threat to animal health and welfare, increasing the risk of mortality and leading to significant economic losses. For many years the problem of oxidative stress has been solved by the use of zinc oxide in the diets of weaned piglets. The use of natural antioxidant additives in pig diets is becoming more and more relevant in pig breeding practice. Natural antioxidants include ascorbic acid (vitamin C), tocopherol (vitamin E) and dihydroquercitin. The aim of our research was to create and test a feed complex with the additive properties of antioxidants and vitamins. We developed a new feed complex of Dihydroquercetin (DHQ) with vitamins E and C (DHQEC), which was fed to boars at a dose of 0.025% of the basic diet during the whole period of fattening. The concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the blood serum of experimental animals was found to be significantly higher (p<0.1) by 12.5% at the end of the study compared with the control group. There was also a dynamics of oxidized glutathione concentration (GSS) decrease in experimental group animals, as well as a significant increase (p<0.05) of reduced to oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSS) ratio by 45,9%. The concentration of malonic dialdehyde (MDA) was reliably lower (P<0.05) by 33,6% in comparison with the control group, while the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was 48.2% higher in the period before slaughter (p<0,1) in experimental group. The main effect of feeding DHQEC in mixed fodders was evident in the improvement of average daily live weight gain (ADG), including at the beginning of the experiment, the 1st week (p<0.10), and in the first period of fattening (5-8 weeks, p=0.09; 8 weeks, p<0.05). These indices testify to effective action of antioxidants and promote reactivity of organism and stress resistance, which raises the indices of productivity.

Endogenous intoxication syndrome in rats consuming drinking water with different phosphate contents

Abstract. Endogenous intoxication plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. The erythrocyte intoxication index and molecular weight medium are informative indicators for its research. The goal is to establish the degree of expression of endogenous intoxication syndrome in white rats against the background of drinking water with different phosphate content for 30 days. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 36 white purebred male rats weighing 180-200 g, divided into six groups, which for 30 days consumed: the control group – settled water from the city waterworks, the animals of five experimental groups - water with the addition of sodium monophosphate in doses of 100.0; 10.0; 1.0; 0.1; 0.01; mg/dm3 in terms of elemental phosphorus. The level of endogenous intoxication was estimated by the content of molecular weight medium in blood serum at wavelengths λ = 254 and 280 nm and the level of erythrocyte intoxication index, which was determined using the method of A. A. Togaibaev, et al., which is based on the ability of the erythrocyte membrane to absorb methylene blue. Results. It was established that the content of molecular weight medium 254 in the blood serum of experimental animals significantly increased in the 1st group by 65 % (p < 0.05), the content of molecular weight medium 280 in the 1st group by 154 % (p < 0.05), in the 2nd – by 138 % (p < 0.05) and the 3rd – by 64 % (p < 0.05). Consumption of drinking water with added phosphates leads to a significant increase of erythrocyte intoxication index in the 1st group – by 186 % (p < 0.05), in the 2nd – by 142 % (p < 0.05) compared to the control. Conclusions. Consumption of drinking water with different phosphate content for 30 days causes an increase in the level of endogenous intoxication in the body of experimental rats, as indicated by an increase in the permeability of erythrocyte membranes and an increase in the erythrocyte intoxication index and molecular weight medium content, most pronounced at a concentration of 100.0 mg/dm3.

Influence of lipid fraction of Black Soldier fly larvae on productivity, resistance and metabolic processes in milk-fed period calves

Relevance. There is evidence of increased immunity in animals when they are fed components from insect larvae. The research objectives are to study some aspects of the composition and bactericidal properties of the lipid fraction obtained from the biomass of Black Lion larvae (LCL-lf); to establish the effectiveness of using LCL-lf as an additive to the diet of calves of the dairy growing period.Methodology. Scientific and economic experience in studying the effect of various levels of use of the lipid fraction obtained from the biomass of Black Lion larvae in the diets of dairy calves (from the 59th to the 123rd day) of the growing period was carried out in JSC «Molodi» of the Moscow region. The animals of the control group were fed a balanced diet in terms of energy and nutrients, the 1st experimental in addition to the main diet daily (individually) in the morning feeding was fed 5 g of LCHL-lf, the 2nd experimental – 10 g of LCHL-lf.Results. Fatty acid composition of LCHL-lf: the sum of saturated LC – 85.9%, lauric acid – 55.6%. The antimicrobial properties of the extract from LCL-lf are largely noted in relation to gram-positive bacteria. It was noted that feeding larvae in the diets of young animals improved the bactericidal properties of the blood serum of experimental animals – from 31.4 to 42.9–48.6% (p < 0.05). The content of erythrocytes (11.6% vs. 10.3 × 1012/l in the control, p = 0.08) and hematocrit (40.9 vs. 37.1% in the control, p = 0.02) was higher in the blood of group 2 animals, which indicates an increase in the redox capacity of the blood of experimental animals. In the blood of animals of the experimental groups, the content of free water–soluble antioxidants increased – from 14.8 mg/l in the control to 17.8 mg/l (p = 0.08) and to 15.7 mg/l (p = 0.39) in the blood of animals of the experimental groups, 1st and 2nd, respectively. In general, over the two-month period of the experiment, the increase in SSP was: in group 1 – 8.4%, in group 2 – 18.7% compared with the control (703.1–769.5 g vs. 648.4 g, p < 0.05).

EXPERIMENTAL SUBSTANTIATION OF THE USE OF THERAPEUTIC PROPHYLACTIC PASTE FOR PREVENTION OF COMPLICATIONS DURING ODONTOPREPARATION OF VITAL TEETH

Increased tooth sensitivity after preparation for nonremovable orthopedic structures is a common problem in orthopedic dentistry. In many cases, it can contribute to morphofunctional changes in the hard tissues of the tooth and lead to various complications, with pulpitis and periodontitis being the most common. This article presents the results of a study of rat blood serum after experimental tooth trauma. An analysis of pulp inflammation markers was conducted, which demonstrated that the proposed therapeutic complex significantly reduces inflammatory reactions in the tooth pulp, increases nonspecific resistance and antioxidant status of the pulp in animals following odontopreparation. The aim of our study. Experimental justification for the use of a complex of hyaluronic acid, bioflavonoids, and minerals to enhance the effectiveness of preventing complications after dental preparation for non-removable orthopedic structures. Investigate changes in pulp inflammation markers in the blood serum of experimental animals during dental preparation. Study the effect of the proposed complex on biochemical indicators in the blood serum of experimental animals. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on 48 sexually mature male Wistar rats weighing 220-270 g and aged 6-7 months. The animals were divided into 3 groups. The duration of the experiment was 21 days, after which the rats were euthanized under thiopental anesthesia (20 mg/kg) by bloodletting from the heart. Blood was collected to obtain serum. Serum catalase activity, alkaline phosphatase ALP, α2-macroglobulin, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were determined. Results of the study and their discussion. The study of alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase activity in the intact groups taken for analysis on the 7th and 21st day showed that these indicators were within the normal range and corresponded to data in the blood of rats presented in the literature sources. Conclusions. During the preparation of tooth crowns in experimental animals, pronounced inflammatory reactions develop in the traumatized pulp, which occur against the background of activation of the processes of oxidative stress (OS) with a characteristic phase course, accompanied by a significant increase in the concentration of inflammation markers in the blood serum. The proposed therapeutic and prophylactic complex effectively prevents established disturbances in the biochemical parameters of the blood serum of laboratory animals and is effective in preventing and preventing inflammatory processes in the pulp.

Possible autoimmune mechanisms of regulation of rat behavior in the “open field” test

BACKGROUND: In recent years, researchers have demonstrated interest in the autoimmune mechanisms of regulation of physiological processes. In response to damage or protein expression, the levels of autoantibodies increased to ensure the restoration of the disturbed balance. Levels of autoantibodies are high in many diseases.
 AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the levels of autoantibodies in the blood serum of experimental animals and evaluate their behavior in the open field test.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of 32 male rats, two groups were formed: group 1 was not exposed to stress, whereas group 2 was subjected to stress for 7 days by applying a clamp on the skin fold for 15 min daily. Three days after the last stress procedure, testing was conducted in the open field. After assessing the behavior, blood serum was obtained, and the levels of autoantibodies to dopamine receptors (DR1 and DR2) and NMDA receptors (NR1, NR2A, and NR2B) were determined.
 RESULTS: Compared with group 1, group 2 visited the central zones of the field less often, had lower vertical activity, and less often performed acts of washing. In group 2, the levels of autoantibodies to DR1 and DR2 were higher, but to NR2B were lower. Correlation analysis revealed that in group 2, the level of autoantibodies to DR2 was associated with horizontal activity (r = 0.60). In group 1, a relationship was established between the level of autoantibodies to NR2B and the number of runs through the central zones of the field (r = +0.68).
 CONCLUSIONS: Taking into account the revealed relationship between the levels of autoantibodies and activity in the open field, the degree of increase in blood IgG titers to DR2 receptors may reflect the severity of changes in the behaviors of animals under stress. Conversely, in connection with the emerging data on the possibility of IgG penetration through the bloodbrain barrier, the effect of autoantibodies on brain dopamine receptors with a limited activity of the dopaminergic system may be considered.

INFLUENCE OF THE PREPARATION BASED ON BUTAPHOSPHANE AND CYANOCOBALAMIN ON THE PHYSIOLOGICAL AND FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE ORGANISM OF WEANLED PIGLETS

The article presents the results of clinical trials of a veterinary medicinal product based on butaphosphane and cyanocobalamin on weaned piglets during the growing period with signs of anemia. The drug was used in the dosage recommended by the manufacturer - intramuscularly in a dose of 2.0 ml per animal, once a day, for 5 days.
 Blood for laboratory research was taken from animals before and after the use of the drug. Research of hematological and biochemical parameters was carried out according to generally accepted methods. The therapeutic effectiveness of the drug was evaluated by comparing it with the data obtained before the start of treatment. Based on the obtained data and their statistical analysis, conclusions were made about the effect of the drug on the morpho-functional state of the piglets' body.
 A comparative analysis of hematological indicators of piglets before and after the use of the drug showed optimization of the leukogram, which was a sign of improvement in the physiological condition of the animals. Activation of hematopoietic processes was noted, confirmed by indicators of red blood of piglets.
 The biochemical profile of the blood serum of experimental animals after treatment showed a positive effect on indicators of mineral and protein metabolism and the state of the hepatobiliary system.
 Based on the assessment of the clinical condition of the animals and the obtained results of laboratory studies, it was established that the tolerability of the studied drug when administered to piglets with signs of anemia was good, no changes in the behavior of the piglets were detected. Side effects and negative phenomena have not been established. Monthly monitoring of the clinical condition of piglets confirmed the safety of the drug when used in the dosage and method of administration recommended by the manufacturer. The results of hematological and biochemical studies confirmed the positive effect of the drug on the body and its effectiveness in the treatment of the anemic state of piglets and the correction of the physiological state of piglets.

THE IMPACT OF CHOLECALCIFEROL ON THE SEX HORMONES LEVEL AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDICES IN RAT MALES WITH EXPERIMENTAL GONADOPATHY

THE IMPACT OF CHOLECALCIFEROL ON THE SEX HORMONES LEVEL AND SERUM BIOCHEMICAL INDICES IN RAT MALES WITH EXPERIMENTAL GONADOPATHY

The Role of the Superoxide Radical in the Regulation of the K<sub>V</sub>-Channels Function in the Coronary Vessels Following Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

The purpose of the research was to study the contribution of the superoxide radical (\({\text{O}}_{2}^{{\centerdot - }}\)) to the mechanisms of the coronary KV-channels functional activity impairment in rats with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The study was performed on 117 outbred white male rats (Rattus, Muridae weighing 210–240 g). To reproduce the experimental analogue of PTSD, the modified model of “a predator presence imitation” was applied (contact with cats’ excrements for 10 days, 15 minutes daily). The PTSD development was confirmed by behavioral changes of affected animals in the “Open Field” test. The coronary vessels’ tone was studied on the isolated by the Langendorf’s method isotonically contracted hearts, which were perfused under constant flow with Krebs–Henseleit solution. The contribution of \({\text{O}}_{2}^{{\centerdot - }}\) to the coronary vascular tone regulation was studied by infusion of the superoxide radical “scavenger” Tiron (4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzenedisulfonic acid) in the perfusion solution. The functional activity of KV-channels was assessed by the degree of increase in the coronary perfusion pressure (CPP) in response to 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), a blocker of KV-channels. To elucidate the role of \({\text{O}}_{2}^{{\centerdot - }}\) in the KV‑channels functional activity of coronary vessels, Tiron and 4-AP were infused in the perfusion solution. The concentration of diene conjugates (DCs), malondialdehyde (MDA), C‑reactive protein (C-RP) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) as well as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were detected in the blood serum of experimental animals. The CPP in the isolated rats’ hearts after PTSD was 30% lower at coronary flow rate 10 mL/min compared to the control group. Under the influence of 4-AP, CPP increased by 70% and by 24% in the “Control” and “PTSD” groups, respectively. Under influence of Tiron, the CPP in the “PTSD” group at coronary flow rate 10 mL/min was 52% lower than in the control. In the “PTSD + Tiron + 4-AP” group the CPP augmentation (71.5%) was comparable to that in the hearts of the “Control” group after 4-AP exposure. The IL-1β, C-RP, DCs and MDA concentration in the blood serum of rats with PTSD was 3, 1.6, 3.3 and 3.6 times higher than in the control rats’ blood serum, while SOD and CAT activity was by 27 and 59% lower, compared to control, respectively. In the course of the investigation, it was found that \({\text{O}}_{2}^{{\centerdot - }}\) overproduction due to oxidative stress might be an important mechanism of a poststressor “channelopathy”, which is characterized by the decreased functional activity of the KV-channels of coronary vessels following PTSD.

Состояние функций нервной системы крыс Вистар при применении пептида тафтцин-ПГП (селанк) в условиях иммобилизационного стресса

The aim of the study was to investigate the state of functions of the nervous system of Wistar rats upon application of the peptide taftsin-PGP under conditions of chronic stress. Materials and methods. The experiments were performed on 45 male Wistar rats weighing 200-230 g. Selank peptide (Thr-Lys-Pro-Arg-Pro-Gly-Pro) was injected intraperitoneally at doses of 80, 250 and 750 μg/kg 15 min before stressor exposure. Animals were divided into 5 groups (n = 9): 1 - control (non-stressed animals injected with saline); 2 - stress (stressed animals injected with saline); 3-5 - stress+taftsin-PGP at doses of 80, 250 and 750 µg/kg. Animals were stressed for 28 days; from days 15 to 28, they were injected with selank/saline. The neurotropic effects of selank were evaluated in the elevated plus-maze, open field (OF) and forced swimming tests. To assess the severity of stress response, the concentration of corticosterone in rat serum was evaluated using enzyme immunoassay. Results. It was found that 28-day immobilisation stress caused disturbances of nervous system functions in the form of increased anxiety, horizontal, vertical, locomotor activity, emotionality and expression of depressive behaviour, as well as increased concentration of corticosterone in blood serum of experimental animals. Taftsin-PGP administration against the background of preliminary stressing (from the 15th to the 28th day of the experiment) contributed to a decrease in the severity of stress-induced behavioural changes in rats: at a dose of 750 µg/kg the peptide had anxiolytic effect, 250 µg/kg - antidepressant effect. At the same time, these changes occurred against the background of a significant decrease in serum corticosterone level. Conclusion. Thus, selank corrects stress-induced changes in the state of nervous system functions under 28-day restraint stress.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ФИЗИКО-ФАРМАКОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ВОЗДЕЙСТВИЙ НА СОДЕРЖАНИЕ КАЛЬЦИЯ В СЫВОРОТКЕ КРОВИ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫХ ЖИВОТНЫХ

The use of intraosseous dental implants allows solving many issues with partial and complete loss of teeth, restoring chewing function and improving facial aesthetics. And the rapid formation of a strong connection between the implant and the bone is the key to a successful result of the dental surgery. In this regard, it is of interest to develop a method for improving the biointegration of dental implants using magnetophoresis of medicinal substances, which significantly increases therapeutic efficacy. However, the issues of calcium content in its serum under the influence of the used therapeutic agents (surgical, physiotherapeutic, pharmacological) have not been sufficiently studied. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the calcium content in the blood serum of experimental animals after the application of magnetophoresis solutions of 10% calcium gluconate and 5% retabolil. 16 rabbits of the "chinchilla" breed served as objects for fulfilling the goal of our work. The study made it possible to conclude that the magnetophoresis effects of calcium gluconate and retabolil solutions did not lead to a change in blood biochemistry and contributed to a short-term increase in the content of calcium and phosphorus in the blood serum of animals.

ВЛИЯНИЕ АЛИМЕНТАРНОГО ФАКТОРА НА ГЕМАТОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ПРОФИЛЬ У МОЛОЧНЫХ КОРОВ

The article shows the findings of the research of the effect of the dietary factor on the hematological parameters of Holstein cows. We carried out the analysis of winter dairy food, general and biochemical blood test. The food analysis showed an excess of dry matter and a lack of raw and digestible protein, crude fiber, crude fat, a lack of macronutrients Ca and P, carotene. The relationship between the food quality of and the biochemical composition, as well as the complete blood count of cows, was established. The research revealed that deviations in the diet of dairy cows affect their hematological parameters. Thus, in the blood serum of experimental animals, there was a pronounced deficiency of glucose, iron, manganese, calcium, zinc, copper, nickel and cobalt. All these deviations from the physiological norm are directly dependent on the chemical composition of the food. The insufficiency of these elements is responsible for the development of osteodystrophy, disruptions in sex hormone production (due to a manganese deficiency), and, as a result, an extension of the open period due to repeat breeding. These deficiencies lead to disturbances in the body's metabolic processes in animals, consequently affecting their fertility. Hematological parameters indicate a decrease in segmented neutrophils, along with elevated levels of leukocytes and monocytes. Other parameters (platelets and white blood cell (stab cells, basophils, lymphocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate) were found to comply with physiological standard.

THE EFFECT OF PELOID THERAPY ON THE DYNAMICS OF BIOCHEMICAL BLOOD PARAMETERS WITH EXPERIMENTAL OSTEOARTHRITIS

Formulation of the problem. It is known that until recently, complex conservative therapy remained the leading method in the treatment and medical rehabilitation of patients with osteoarthritis. Physical factors, both preformed and natural, occupy an important place in the therapy of patients with osteoarthritis. Analysis of recent research and publications. The most popular among the means used in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis of the knee joints are therapeutic muds. According to modern ideas, their therapeutic action is based on a combination of mechanical, thermal, chemical, biological and other components of the peloid. Formulation of the purpose of the article. To study the effect of peloid therapy on biochemical blood parameters of white rats with experimental osteoarthritis. Presenting main material. The content of glycoproteins in the blood of rats was probably increased on the 7th day in animals with osteoarthritis compared to the values in intact ones. A slight increase in the level of glycoproteins was maintained throughout the experiment until the 30th day. During the treatment with sulphide-mud mud, on the 7th day, an increase in the content of glycoproteins was noted to the level of the indicators of the control group. By the 15th day, the concentration of glycoproteins probably decreased compared to its value in the control group, however, by the end of the observations, the amount of glycoproteins in the blood serum of the experimental animals exceeded this indicator than in the rats of the control group. These data indicate that the use of sulphide mud reduces the activity of the inflammatory process, but not sufficiently. The concentration of chondroitin sulfates in the blood serum of experimental animals on the 7th and 15th day of osteoarthritis was increased in comparison with the results obtained in intact animals. However, by the 30th day, there was a decrease in the indicated indicator compared to the one that occurred earlier. Conclusions and prospects for further research. Thus, it was established that the use of peloidotherapy led to a decrease in the content of chondroitin sulfates in the blood serum of experimental animals in comparison with the corresponding term of the control group, which indicates the beneficial effect of peloidotherapy on the exchange of glycosaminoglycans. In the conditions of peloid therapy, the dynamics of biochemical indicators of the state of connective tissue were revealed, which indicated the beneficial effect of peloid applications on the knee joints of experimental rats, which was manifested in the reduction of the inflammatory and destructive process in the cartilage tissue of the affected joints. The prospect of further research is the application of this technique of pyeloid therapy in clinical orthopedic practice.

DYNAMICS OF CHANGES OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN LEVEL IN BLOOD SERUM IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND COURSE OF EXPERIMENTAL PERIODONTITIS AND THEIR CORRECTION BY FLAVONOL

The aim: To study the value of C-reactive protein in the experimental animals blood serum with bacterial-immune periodontitis and its correction with quercetin. Materials and methods: Modeling of periodontitis was performed by the following method: after thiopental anesthesia (at a dose of 40 mg / kg intramuscularly) rats were fixed. A subcostal injection of 0.01 ml of egg protein with cultures of Streptococcus hemolytic and Staphylococcus aureus at a dose of 4 CFU was performed in the area of periodontal tissues of the lower incisor as an initiating inflammatory factor. To enhance the immune process, a complete Freund’s adjuvant was introduced into the animal’s hind limb at the same time. Results: Analysis of the results of the study of the content of C-reactive protein in the blood serum of animals with experimental bacteria and immune periodontitis, receiving injections of quercetin, showed a significant decrease by 1.31 times, compared with animals with this simulated pathology on the 14th day of the experiment without the use of flavonol. When comparing this indicator on the 14th day of development of experimental periodontitis with correction, it was found that it remained slightly higher than the indicators of the intact group of rats. Conclusions: The level of C-reactive protein in the blood serum of experimental animals is an important indicator of the immune-inflammatory response, which increases its activation of the inflammatory system. The administration of flavonoid quercetin for 7 days helps to reduce the level of C-reactive protein in the blood serum of animals with experimental bacterial and immune periodontitis.

BDNF-ОПОСРЕДОВАННЫЙ МЕХАНИЗМ АНТИСТРЕССОРНОГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ МЕЛАНОКОРТИНОВ

In recent years studies devoted to the study of the mechanisms of regulation of physiological and pathophysiological processes are of particular interest in connection with the active development of molecular medicine. Stress caused by various biological, social and technogenic factors is an integral part of modern human life and is a non-specific reaction of the body to various extreme influences. Despite the formation of adaptive mechanisms under stress in the form of generalized activation of the body, focusing of attention and memory, stress-induced analgesia, under conditions of intense and prolonged influence of a negative factor, the central nervous system loses its ability to adapt and the processes of neurogenesis are often disturbed as a result of distress. This fact explains the development of stress-induced pathological processes in the central nervous system, which emphasizes the relevance of the search and study of the mechanisms of action of pharmacological agents exhibiting stress-protective and neurotropic properties. Melanocortins (N-terminal fragments of adrenocorticotropic hormone, fragments of proopiomelanocortin and their synthetic analogs) are characterized by pronounced neurometabolic, neuroregenerative and antistress activity. One of the possible mechanisms of action of melanocortins is the influence on the levels of expression in the central nervous system of neurotrophic factors that provide the main processes of regulation of homeostasis of the body. Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) which is able to reduce the negative effects of hypoxic, toxic and stressful damage to brain cells, which is due to binding to tyrosine kinase B receptor and activation of the main metabolic cascades, is one of the effective regulatory proteins. Taking into account the fact that the question of the mechanisms of the stress-protective action of substances capable of protecting brain cells from the damaging effect of stress factors is relevant, the study of the effect of melanocortins on the level of neurotrophic factors is of scientific interest. The study was carried out on 70 male white rats of 6 months of age. Sensory contact in the absence of physical contact with the subsequent formation of aggressive and submissive types of behavior was used as an experimental model of «social» stress. Laboratory animals, taking into account the gradation by types of behavior, were divided into groups: a group of control / intact animals; a group of rats exposed to «social» stress for 20 days; a group of individuals who received Semax (ACTH(4-7)-Pro-Gly-Pro) at a dose of 100 μg / kg / day intraperitoneally from the 1st day of stress exposure for a course of 20 days; a group of animals that received ACTH(6-9)-Pro-Gly-Pro at a dose of 100 μg/kg/day intraperitoneally from day 1 of stress exposure for a course of 20 days. The BDNF level in the blood serum of white rats was assessed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using ELISA Kit for Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) (USA). It was found that under conditions of «social» stress, a decrease in the level of BDNF was observed. The introduction of the studied melanocortins (ACTH(4-7)-Pro-Gly-Pro (Semax) and ACTH(6-9)-Pro-Gly-Pro) under conditions of induced «social» stress increases the concentration of BDNF in the blood serum of experimental animals. The study of the mechanisms of disturbances induced by experimental stress in various models showed that stress provokes the development of a depression-like state in rodents, which is accompanied by neuroplastic changes, including inhibition of neurogenesis in the hippocampus. Currently a large amount of experimental data has been accumulated, indicating that a pathological stress response contributes to a decrease in the level of BDNF. Deficiency of BDNF plays an important role in the pathophysiology of stress, inducing impairments of neurogenesis associated with impaired neuroplasticity, as well as dysfunction of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and neurotransmitter serotonergic systems. The effectiveness of therapy with stress protectors and antidepressants is due to their effect on neurogenesis and neuronal plasticity. Thus the fact of a decrease of BDNF under conditions of «social» stress established in the work and the positive effect of melanocortins (ACTH(4-7)-Pro-Gly-Pro (Semax) and ACTH(6-9)-Pro-Gly-Pro), contributing to the restoration of these parameters, indicates the effect of neuropeptides on the expression of BDNF and allows us to suggest a possible mechanism of the antistress effect. It should be noted that the serum level of brain neurotrophic factor can be considered as a biomarker of stress-induced disorders and affective disorders, as well as an indicator of the effectiveness of therapy with stress protectors. In addition, the level of BDNF in the blood serum can be considered as indicators of prognosis and evaluation of the effectiveness of therapy.

Экспрессия miR-181a и miR-146a при преждевременной овариальной недостаточности аутоиммунной этиологии

Objective. To study the expression of miR-181a and miR-146a in the blood serum obtained from an experimental animal model of autoimmune oophoritis on different days of the experiment to assess their role in primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) of autoimmune etiology. Materials and methods. Experimental animals were mature female outbred rats. The study group (n = 25) included the experimental animal model of autoimmune oophoritis, the control group (n = 20) – intact animals. Morphometry of ovarian samples with estimating the average number of follicles, corpora lutea and atretic corpora lutea was performed. Enzyme immunoassay was used to study the concentration levels of serum anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) and anti-ovarian antibodies (AOA). MicroRNAs were isolated from serum according to a standard protocol; a reverse transcription and real-time polymerase chain reaction were performed using specific primers, and the relative expression of miR-181a and miR-146a was calculated by the Pfaffle method. Results. The expression of miR-146a on different days of the experiment remained statistically insignificant, including when compared to the control group. The expression of miR-181a in the blood serum of experimental animals on day 15 was statistically significantly higher than similar values on days 5, 10, 30 and 60 and in the control group. Conclusion. MiR-181a showed high diagnostic value in POI of autoimmune etiology in the experiment performed and can serve as an early marker in the diagnosis of ovarian insufficiency. The role of miR-146a as a marker of POI of autoimmune etiology has not been experimentally confirmed. Key words: autoimmune oophoritis, microRNA, experiment, premature ovarian insufficiency

ОЦЕНКА РАДИОЗАЩИТНОГО И АДАПТГЕННОГО ДЕЙСТВИЯ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОГО ПРЕПАРАТА

In the course of the research, the radioprotective and adaptogenic effects of the new feed additive were determined in experiments on white mice and white rats. It was found that the inclusion of the studied feed additive in the diet of mice after irradiation provided an increase in the survival rate of animals irradiated with a lethal dose by 50% compared to the control. Feeding the mice with the drug followed by irradiation with a lethal dose increased the survival rate by 42 %. In a similar experiment on white rats, the survival rate of the experimental animals was higher than the control values by 58 and 50 %, respectively. When assessing the adaptogenic effect of the drug, it was found that 12-hour immobilization of rats led to significant changes in the prooxidant-antioxidant defense system. Preliminary feeding of the studied feed additive had a protective effect, which was manifested in a lower content of malondialdehyde in the blood serum of experimental animals, compared with control animals, by 28.0 %, an increased content of catalase by 11.1 %, superoxide dismutase by 43.9 %, reduced glutathione - by 17.6 %. Thus, the investigated drug showed a well-pronounced radioprotective and adaptogenic effect.

2-ЭТИЛТИОБЕНЗИМИДАЗОЛА ГИДРОБРОМИД ПРЕДУПРЕЖДАЕТ СНИЖЕНИЕ ТОНУСА КОРОНАРНЫХ СОСУДОВ И СОКРАТИТЕЛЬНОЙ СПОСОБНОСТИ МИОКАРДА У КРЫС ПРИ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОМ САХАРНОМ ДИАБЕТЕ

Objectives. To assess the possibility of preventing the disturbances of coronary vascular tone and myocardial contractile function caused by diabetes mellitus with the help of 2-ethylthiobenzimidazole hydrobromide. Material and methods. Coronary vascular tone and myocardial contractile function were studied on preparations of rat hearts isolated by the Langendorff method. The iNOS blockade was carried out with S-methylisothiourea (S-MT, 10<sup>-6</sup>M). Diabetes mellitus in rats was modelled by means of a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozocin (50 mg / kg). 2-ethylthiobenzimidazole hydrobromide (2-ETG) was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 3 mg / kg. The concentration of stable degradation products of NO (NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>/NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>), superoxide dismutase, catalase, diene conjugates and malondialdehyde in the left ventricular homogenate was determined by spectrophotometric method. The content of inducible and endothelial NO-synthases (eNOS), interleukin 1β, C-reactive protein in the blood serum of experimental animals was determined by enzyme immunoassay. Results. In the hearts of «2-ETG + Diabetes mellitus» animal group no changes in the coronary perfusion pressure and developed intraventricular pressure were observed before and after the use of the highly selective iNOS blocker S-methylisothiourea. In the blood serum of these animals group, an increase in the concentration of eNOS was observed, against the background of a decrease in the accumulation of iNOS, a decrease in the concentration of lipid peroxidation products was determined against the background of an increase in the activity of the antioxidant system and a decrease of systemic inflammation. Conclusions. Intraperitoneal injection of 2-ethylthiobenzimidazole hydrobromide prevents a decrease in coronary vascular tone and myocardial contractile function caused by hyperproduction of nitrogen monoxide of inducible NO-synthase in diabetes mellitus. This effect of 2-ethylthiobenzimidazole hydrobromide is associated with: limiting the formation of oxidative stress; limiting the nitrosative stress; the decrease in the concentration of inflammatory markers.