Blood Cholesterol In Rats Research Articles

Potential of Lactobacillus casei Shirota Strain Probiotic Toward Total Cholesterol Levels and Sod Activity in Rat with High Cholesterol Diet

Probiotic of Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain is lactic acid bacteria that have benefits to enhance immunity system, as an antioxidant and has the ability to decrease the cholesterol level. The aim of this study was to determine the potential of Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain probiotic toward total cholesterol decreasing and SOD activity increasing in rats’ aorta with a high-cholesterol diet. This study used 25 male rats of Rattus novergicus Wistar strain that will be divided into 5 groups. The 1st group as the negative control, and the 2nd group as positive control. The positive control group was induced by high-cholesterol diet contained quail egg yolk, pure cholesterol, cholic acid and waste oil that were given for 3 weeks. The 3rd, 4th and 5th group were treated by probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain with variation dose of 3.6 x 107, 7.3 x 107 and 10.9 x 107 cells/kg bodyweight/day. The results showed that probiotic of Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain therapy dose of 10.9 x 107 cells/kg bodyweight/day can decrease the total blood cholesterol of rats’ serum that were given with high-cholesterol diet of about 32.0%. In addition, the probiotic of Lactobacillus casei Shirota strain therapy also increase the activity of SOD about 50.70%.

Oral administration of a Ketone Ester regulates blood cholesterol in rats and humans

Control of cholesterol in Type 2 Diabetics and Pre‐diabetics has been problematic as statins increase blood glucose. We propose that a unique β‐hydroxybutyrate (βHB) Ester can provide non‐lipogenic calories and decrease cholesterol synthesis without increasing glucose. The ketone bodies, βHB and Acetoacetate, can be metabolized by most tissues, but not liver, limiting cholesterol precursors. In humans, a single meal containing this ketone ester (KE) dose dependently decreased plasma mevalonate, a marker for cholesterol synthesis, without directly inhibiting HMG‐CoA Reductase. After two days of KE, rats had 31% lower plasma cholesterol and 26% lower mevalonate than controls. In a 30 day study, KE fed rats had lower plasma total cholesterol (‐40%) and mevalonate (‐27%) than controls. Levels of mevalonate precursors, Acetoacetyl‐CoA and HMG‐CoA were lower by 33% and 54% respectively, but Acetyl‐CoA was unaffected. Low liver cholesterol increases absorption of cholesterol through the Low Density Lipoprotein receptor (LDL‐R), KE feeding increased LDL‐R levels in whole cell (+24%) and membrane preparations (+67%). KE fed animals had increased protein levels of SREBP‐2, a key transcriptional activator of LDL‐R, both full length and transcriptionally active forms increased, by 91% and 140%. A 5 day study of KE effect on cholesterol in human Type 2 Diabetics showed not only lower total cholesterol (‐10%) but also lower fasting glucose (‐17%) and Triglycerides (‐18%). We report preliminary findings that KE decreases cholesterol and its synthetic precursors while decreasing fasting blood glucose and triglycerides.

The Mechanism Underlying the Synergetic Hypocholesterolemic Effect of Sesamin and α-Tocopherol in Rats Fed a High-Cholesterol Diet

Sesamin is a major lignan in sesame seed. We confirmed that ingestion of sesamin and α-tocopherol synergistically reduced the concentration of blood cholesterol in rats given a high-cholesterol diet. To elucidate the molecular mechanism behind this effect, we analyzed the gene-expression profiles in rat liver after co-ingestion of sesamin and α-tocopherol. Six-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a 1% cholesterol diet (HC) or HC containing 0.2% sesamin, 1% α-tocopherol or sesamin + α-tocopherol for 10 days. Blood samples were collected on days 1, 3, 7, and 10 and livers were excised on day 10. The gene expressions of ATP-binding cassette, sub-family G (WHITE), members 5 (ABCG5) and 8 (ABCG8) were significantly increased, while the gene expression of apolipoprotein (Apo) A4 was significantly decreased. ABCG5 and ABCG8 form a functional heterodimer that acts as a cholesterol efflux transporter, which contributes to the excretion of cholesterol from the liver. ApoA4 controls the secretion of ApoB, which is a component of low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol. These studies indicate that the cholesterol-lowering mechanism underlying the effects of co-ingestion of sesamin and α-tocopherol might be attributable to increased biliary excretion of cholesterol and reduced ApoB secretion into the blood-stream.

Properties of Cholesterol-reduced Butter and Effect of Gamma Linolenic Acid Added Butter on Blood Cholesterol

The present study was carried out to develop cholesterol-reduced and gamma linolenic acid (GLA)-added butter and to examine the changes in chemical and sensory properties, and cholesterol lowering effect of GLA addition. The cholesterol removal rate reached 93.2% by β-cyclodextrin in butter before GLA addition. The thiobarbituric acid value of cholesterol-reduced and GLA-added butter increased slowly up to 4 week and plauteaued thereafter. TBA value was significantly increased with 2% GLA addition, compared with no GLA addition. The production of short-chain free fatty acids (FFA) increased with storage in all treatments. From 4 weeks storage, the amount of short-chain FFA in 2% GLA-added group was significantly higher than those in other groups. Among sensory characteristics, color, greasiness and overall acceptability were mostly affected by GLA addition, however, the rancidity value of 2% GLA addition was significantly different from those of control and GLA-unadded and cholesterol-reduced butter at 0, 6 and 8 week storage. Among groups, no difference was found in texture in all storage periods. The smallest increase of total blood cholesterol in rats was found in the group fed 2% GLA-added and cholesterol-reduced butter for 8 week, compared with that in controls. The present results showed the possibility of cholesterol-reduced and GLA-added butter development without much difference in chemical, rheological and sensory properties, and indicated a slow increase effect on blood total cholesterol in rats. (Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 2005. Vol 18, No. 11 : 1646-1654)

Effect of Dietary Sodium Cholate and Lactose on the Fecal Microflora and Blood Cholesterol of Rats

Effect of Dietary Sodium Cholate and Lactose on the Fecal Microflora and Blood Cholesterol of Rats

Interrelation of Vitamin B6 and Sex on Response of Rats to Hypercholesterolemic Diets

When weanling rats were fed purified diets with added cholesterol and cholic acid for 20 weeks, the blood cholesterol levels of females were two to three times higher than those of males. This effect was greatest when the diet contained a severely hypercholesterolemic fat (coconut oil), and least with cottonseed oil; lard was intermediate. Intermittent vitamin B6 deficiency eliminated the sex difference in blood cholesterol in rats fed the hypercholesterolemic diets; the values for males increased, whereas the values for females decreased to a point where the sex difference was not significant. Coconut oil in the diet, especially combined with a vitamin B6 deficiency, caused marked liver cirrhosis, enlarged adrenals, kidney damage and nodules and hyperplasia in the stomach, as well as a pronounced increase in sudanophilic lesions in the aorta.

The effect of various dietary fats, especially butter and some margarines, on blood cholesterol in rats.

The effect of various dietary fats, especially butter and some margarines, on blood cholesterol in rats.