Blend Nanoparticles Research Articles

Ceramic nanoparticle based flexible hydrovoltaic devices for tactile and respiratory signal detection

Devices that utilize water evaporation or moisture to generate electricity have received significant research attention in the field of energy conversion and harvesting. Herein, a device capable of generating electricity through the process of water evaporation has been created, utilizing medical nonwoven fabric as a porous substrate with simple dip-coating and spray-coating techniques. The device constructs a multitude of nanopores on the substrate by employing a blend of Al2O3 nanoparticles of varying dimensions. The electrical output of the device was stable at 0.55 V and 6 μA from a small water supply, as confirmed by the test. The device can easily recognize the click of a finger through the release of minuscule amounts of water during the contact. Furthermore, the device has the ability to recognize various breathing patterns, such as normal breathing, rapid breathing, and wheezing that may induced by diseases. This work developed a flexible device for power generation by water evaporation process and provides a referable idea for human related humidity sensing.

"Advanced Materials in Refrigeration Systems: An In-depth Analysis of Novel Additives and Their Influence on Heat Transfer Efficiency and Energy Consumption"

Abstract: This study explores the cutting-edge domain of nano refrigerants, aiming to boost the cooling performance of the widely used refrigerant R-134a by integrating a precisely balanced blend of CuO and SiO2 nanoparticles. The primary motivation for this research is the imperative to transform refrigeration systems, making them more energy-efficient and environmentally sustainable. The research methodology involves systematically creating a nano refrigerant by dispersing varying concentrations of CuO and SiO2 nanoparticles in R-134a. Selected for their exceptional thermal conductivity and stability, these nanoparticles have the potential to significantly enhance the heat transfer properties of the refrigerant. Initial stages encompass rigorous assessments of thermal conductivity improvements compared to the base R-134a, laying the groundwork for practical evaluations in a heat exchanger setup. In heat exchanger experiments, crucial parameters such as heat transfer coefficient, pressure drop, and overall heat transfer rate are precisely measured, providing a comprehensive understanding of the nano refrigerant’s real-world performance. The objective is not only to enhance thermal conductivity but also to optimize the nano refrigerant for effective and efficient heat exchange, thereby elevating the cooling capacity of R-134a. Stability studies are integral, ensuring the long-term viability of the nano refrigerant. Scrutinizing compatibility with commonly used refrigeration system materials and monitoring potential degradation over extended periods are essential.

Effect of gamma radiation on the optical and color properties of Makrolon/Pocan/ZnS-NiO nanocomposite films

Makrolon/Pocan is a polymer blend of amorphous polycarbonate (PC) and semicrystalline polybutylene terephthalate (PBT). We fabricate a nanocomposite (NC) of PC/PBT polymer blend, Zinc sulfide (ZnS) and Nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles by the sol–gel and ex-situ casting processes. We trust that this study is novel in the area of the impact of γ radiation on this NC. The Rietveld modification of XRD records indicates that both the prepared ZnS and NiO have a nano-nature of an average particle size of 4 and 18 nm, respectively. Samples of the PC-PBT/ZnS-NiO NC films are irradiated with several γ doses (10 − 100 kGy). We investigate the resulting outcome of the γ irradiation on the linear and non linear optical behavior of the NC films, using ultraviolet spectroscopy (UVs) and the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) color changes technique. Upon increasing the γ dose up to 100 kGy, the maximum dose used, both direct and indirect bandgaps decreased. The Urbach energy exhibits a reverse trend. We attribute this to the dominance of chain crosslinks that damaged the ordered configuration and thus increased the amorphous phase. This suggests that the γ radiation can facilitate the spreading of the nanoparticles within the composite matrix suggesting an extra compacted structure of the NC samples. Also, we detect the nature of microelectronic transitions, using the optical dielectric loss (ε”), and found that the PC-PBT/ZnS-NiO NC films had direct allowed transitions. Moreover, we study the γ-induced modifications in the optical conductivity, dielectric parameters and nonlinear optical parameters. Further, the color changes between the pristine and irradiated films were estimated. The pristine NC film exhibited significant color differences upon γ irradiation. The induced improvements in the optical characters suggest that the γ is a suitable mean that permits the use of PC-PBT /ZnS-NiO NC in the optoelectronic devices.

Performance evaluation of direct injection diesel engine fueled with diesel-ZnO nanoparticles blends

Present experimental study focused on investigating the effects of diesel-zinc oxide nanoparticles blends on the performance evaluation of a four stroke two-cylinder direct injection diesel engine. Two blends were employed to analyze engine combustion and performance parameters at various engine loads and constant speed (1500 rpm) conditions. Blends were prepared by dispersing zinc oxide nanoparticles with diesel fuel in different dosing levels through the ultrasonication process. One blend has 30 ppm zinc oxide nanoparticles per liter of diesel (D100ZnO30) and another has 60 ppm zinc oxide nanoparticles per liter of diesel (D100ZnO60). It was found that combustion and performance characteristics improved at higher engine loads for all blends. Present experimental results revealed that blending of zinc oxide nanoparticles in diesel fuel enhance engine performance due to better in-cylinder combustion. Combustion characteristics like maximum cumulative heat release, maximum net heat release rate and peak rate of pressure rise of diesel engine were promoted due to nanoparticles additive. Percentage increase of 9.09 and 10.09 in duration of combustion of D100ZnO30 and D100ZnO60 blends respectively than diesel was recorded at full load. At full load conditions, brake thermal efficiency was improved by 2.63 % and 0.36 % for D100ZnO30 and D100ZnO60 blends respectively as compared to diesel. Moreover, brake specific fuel consumption of D100ZnO30 and D100ZnO60 blends also improved significantly than diesel. Hence, it can be stated that zinc oxide nanoparticles in lower concentration would be an effective approach to significantly improve diesel engine combustion and performance parameters.

Cell specific mitochondria targeted metabolic alteration for precision medicine.

Mitochondria play important roles in the maintenance of cellular health. In cancer, these dynamic organelles undergo significant changes in terms of membrane hyperpolarization, altered metabolic functions, fusion-fission balance, and several other parameters. These alterations promote cancer growth, proliferation and spread, and the eventual development of metastatic disease and therapeutic resistance. Thus, routing therapeutics to the mitochondrial compartments can be one of the most promising methodologies for tackling such changes to achieve cancer control. Over the last decade, targeted cancer medicine has experienced tremendous growth, enabling the targeting of mitochondria for greater therapeutic specificity. Here, we demonstrate a feasibility method to specifically target the mitochondria of prostate cancer cells. We achieve such dual targeting by utilizing two functionalized polymers and constructing a single blended nanoparticle (NP). Such a targeting strategy was developed utilizing a polymeric platform that differed in terms of the length of the amphiphilic portions, the linker between the hydrophobic portions, and the attached targeting moieties. In doing this, we demonstrate prostate cancer specific mitochondrial delivery of a chemotherapeutic prodrug to create repair-resistant adducts within mitochondrial DNA promoting cellular death. This article documents the synthetic strategy, optimization of blended NPs for cell specific mitochondria targeting, and the utility of the proof-of-concept design was demonstrated using a combination of analytical and in vitro studies.

Carbon neutrality with ammonia: An analysis of its feasibility as a fuel for diesel engines fuelled with spirulina microalgae and oxygenated additives

Ammonia has emerged as a promising gaseous fuel for replacing conventional fossil fuels and achieving carbon neutrality. This research explores the viability of using ammonia as a fuel in compression ignition diesel engines operating in dual-fuel mode. The study investigates the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines fueled with ammonia, microalgae-based biodiesel, and their combinations, with the addition of Fe2O3 nanoparticles to enhance combustion efficiency. A series of experiments were conducted using various blends of ammonia, biodiesel, and nanoparticles in a single-cylinder engine. The objective was to assess the impact of ammonia and biodiesel on thermal efficiency and carbon-based emissions. Comparative analysis revealed that ammonia-based fuels exhibited higher brake thermal efficiency and lower carbon emissions compared to traditional diesel fuel. The combination of ammonia, biodiesel, and nanoparticles resulted in an 8.5% increase in thermal efficiency compared to diesel fuel. However, the fuel consumption increased by 18% due to the lower energy density and higher viscosity of the biodiesel blends. Furthermore, the study examined the emissions profile of the tested fuels. The use of ammonia and nanoparticles led to significant reductions in carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, and smoke emissions. However, there was a slight increase in nitrogen oxides and carbon dioxide emissions, regardless of engine loading conditions. It was observed that the emission of NOx was influenced by combustion delay and autoignition temperature. To mitigate NOx emissions, optimizing the combustion delay and avoiding premixed combustion phases are crucial. Based on the findings, the study concludes that ammonia has the potential to serve as a viable substitute for diesel fuel in engines. Ammonia-based fuels exhibit higher brake thermal efficiency and lower carbon emissions. Future research should focus on optimizing combustion parameters to minimize NOx emissions, thereby facilitating the widespread adoption of ammonia in diesel engines and contributing to the decarbonization of the transportation sector.

Study of vapor compression refrigeration system with suspended nanoparticles in the low GWP refrigerant.

The rising global temperatures, attributed to the high global warming potential (GWP) of conventional refrigerants, necessitate the adoption of low-GWP alternatives in HVAC systems. However, these low-GWP refrigerants often exhibit high toxicity and flammability, limiting their usage. To address these challenges, compact heat exchangers incorporating blended refrigerants have been introduced to enhance HVAC system performance. Researchers have also made significant strides in improving HVAC system efficiency by introducing the concept of suspending nanolubricants and nanorefrigerants within the system. This review paper seeks to comprehensively assess the potential of alternative refrigerants containing suspended nanoparticles, commonly referred to as nanorefrigerants. The paper reviews various mechanisms and potential combinations of different nanorefrigerants employed to enhance refrigeration system effectiveness and efficiency. A detailed examination of key heat transfer parameters and the performance predictions of low-GWP refrigerants, including those from the hydrofluoroolefin (HFO) and hydrocarbon (HC) classes, is conducted through energy and exergy analyses. Commercial refrigerants like R-134a, R-290, R-600, R-600a, R-123, R-125, R-22, R-141b, R-152, R-11, R-113, R-404a, R-407c, R-502, R-600a, R-507a, R-1234yf, R-1234ze, 1336mzz(Z), and R-410a are evaluated in conjunction with suspended nanoparticles, considering their specific properties. The findings indicate that the utilization of nanorefrigerants leads to notable improvements in overall system performance, characterized by reduced compressor workloads and increased heat transfer rates. Consequently, the integration of blended nanoparticles into refrigerants holds significant promise for advancing the HVAC field.

Efficient and Targeted siRNA Delivery to M2 Macrophages by Smart Polymer Blends for M1 Macrophage Repolarization as a Promising Strategy for Future Cancer Treatment.

Cancer remains an issue on a global scale. It is estimated that nearly 10 million people succumbed to cancer worldwide in 2020. New treatment options are urgently needed. A promising approach is a conversion of tumor-promoting M2 tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) as part of the tumor microenvironment to tumor-suppressive M1 TAMs by small interfering RNA (siRNA). In this work, we present a well-characterized polymeric nanocarrier system capable of targeting M2 TAMs by a ligand-receptor interaction. Therefore, we developed a blended PEI-based polymeric nanoparticle system conjugated with mannose, which is internalized after interaction with macrophage mannose receptors (MMRs), showing low cytotoxicity and negligible IL-6 activation. The PEI-PCL-PEI (5 kDa-5 kDa-5 kDa) and Man-PEG-PCL (2 kDa-2 kDa) blended siRNA delivery system was optimized for maximum targeting capability and efficient endosomal escape by evaluation of different polymer and N/P ratios. The nanoparticles were formulated by surface acoustic wave-assisted microfluidics, achieving a size of ∼80 nm and a zeta potential of approximately +10 mV. Special attention was given to the endosomal escape as the so-called bottleneck of RNA drug delivery. To estimate the endosomal escape capability of the nanocarrier system, we developed a prediction method by evaluating the particle stability via the inflection temperature. Our predictions were then verified in an in vitro setting by applying confocal microscopy. For cellular experiments, however, human THP-1 cells were polarized to M2 macrophages by cytokine treatment and validated through MMR expression. To show the efficiency of the nanoparticle system, GAPDH and IκBα knockdown was performed in the presence or absence of an MMR blocking excess of mannan. Cellular uptake, GAPDH knockdown, and NF-κB western blot confirmed efficient mannose targeting. Herein, we presented a well-characterized nanoparticle delivery system and a promising approach for targeting M2 macrophages by a mannose-MMR interaction.

Study of the effects of bio-silica nanoparticle additives on the performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of biodiesel produced from waste fat

Numerous countries are investigating alternative fuel sources in response to the escalating issue of energy inadequacy. Using environmentally sustainable biodiesel as a potential alternative to fossil fuels, particularly from waste sources, is a developing prospect. This study aims to examine the feasibility of utilizing industry leather waste as a diesel fuel substitute. Traditional transesterification was used to obtain methyl ester out of leather waste. After processing, 81.93% of methyl ester was produced. Bio-silica (Bio-Si) is used as a fuel additive to enhance combustion and decrease emissions. This work utilized a leather industry waste fat biodiesel (LIWFB), LIWFB blend (B50), LIWFB blend with Bio-Si nanoparticles (B50Bio-Si50, B50Bio-Si75, and B50Bio-Si100 ppm) to analyze the engine outcome parameters at standard operating conditions. Experimental results revealed that adding Bio-Si in the biodiesel blend increased thermal brake efficiency (BTE) but was lower in diesel fuel. The biodiesel blends reduced NOx emissions more than Bio-Si nanoparticle blends. Furthermore, the smoke opacity was reduced by 31.87%, hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were reduced by 34.14%, carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were decreased by 43.97%, and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions were slightly increased by 4.45% for B50Bio-Si100 blend compared to neat diesel. This investigation determined that all the emissions remained lower for all combinations than neat diesel, with a small increase in NOx emissions. Therefore, the LIWFB blend with Bio-Si nanoparticles was a viable diesel fuel alternative in diesel engines.

Experimental investigation on the influence of H2 on diesel engine fueled with Afzelia Africana biofuel – Titanium oxide nanoparticle blends

Diesel engines are a major source of air pollution, which is increasingly endangering both the natural and built environments. The use of H2-enrichment with nano-fuel was adopted in this research. The TiO2-nanoparticles- Afzelia-Africanabiodiesel was blended with H2 for use in diesel engine. 25 ppm of TiO2 nanoparticles was admixed with the biofuel and ultrasonicated. After that, H2 was introduced through the intake air at different flowrates. The ratio of H2 to the blended fuels (BNH) is (15:85 vol/vol%). The effects of the blends with H2 on emission/performance characteristics were investigated by evaluating NOx, CO, and HC emissions and brake thermal efficiency-(BTE). Higher BTE blends with hydrogen flowrate of 3 LPM improved the engine performance with lesser emissions. Sample blend with hydrogen flowrates of 3LPM gave the best performance/BTE of 39.4 %.The nano-fuel BN@25 + H2 (3 LPM) recorded the lowest emissions (81, 0.33 and 5 g/kWh) at full load when compared with the diesel (129, 0.63 and 20 g/kWh) in terms of NOx, CO, and HC. The in-cylinder pressure and heat release rates of the biodiesel significantly improved H2 addition to TiO2 -NPs by 10 and 14 % relative to diesel. Therefore, the H2-enrichment with the nano-fuel displayed a positive effect on the engine without further modifications.

Improving the performance of a diesel engine using nanomaterials and chlorella vulgaris microalgae blends assisted with biogas

Microalgae-based fuel has attracted attention as a green energy source for the transportation sector owing to its high suitability, availability, and rapid growth rate. Furthermore, algae consume carbon dioxide to produce fuel, and indirectly reduce global warming. This study predicts the effects of microalgae biofuel blends assisted by biogas and nanoparticles on diesel engine performance, combustion, and emission characteristics across various engine speeds for the first time. Biogas, which is rich in carbon monoxide and hydrogen, passed through the intake manifold at a constant flow rate of 10 L per minute. Al2O3 nanoparticles were dispersed in the biodiesel at a concentration of 100 ppm. The inclusion of hydrogen enhanced both the brake power and brake thermal efficiency of the engine irrespective of engine speed. A blend of both biogas and nanoparticles resulted in less specific fuel consumption than Chlorella vulgaris biodiesel blends owing to lower viscosity and higher energy ratio. However, the inclusion of nanoparticles reduced the in-cylinder pressure. In terms of emissions, all the microalgae blends exhibited reduced formation of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrocarbon compared to diesel. However, the formation of nitrogen of oxides in 20% microalgae blend A20 was higher than that in diesel and 20% microalgae blend with nanoparticle (AB20 N). Owing to the presence of CO in the biogas, the total accumulation of CO and CO2 was higher for AB20 N than for other fuel blends. From the above analysis, it is clear that CO can be used in conjunction with hydrogen to assist the internal combustion process.

Rheological and tribological behaviour of nanofluids: an experimental evaluation

Commercially available synthetic engine oils of SAE grades 5W40 were taken as base fluids for preparing nano fluids by blending 0.1% and 0.2% concentration by weight of the functionalized Cu and MoS2 nanoparticles in them. The base fluids and their blends were characterized using standard ASTM and IS testing methods for their physicochemical and tribo performance behaviours. The rheological studies were performed on a Rheometer while the tribological investigations were performed on tribo-tester. The study reveal that a small improvement in anti- friction behaviour of about 6% and 4% reported for the 0.2 wt% of Cu and MoS2 nanoparticles respectively in the tested lubricants indicate that finished products have little scope to improve anti-friction properties under the influence of already present additives, however anti-wear properties showed significant enhancement up to 20% for 0.2% MoS2 and up to 15% for 0.2% nano-Cu indicating better anti-wear properties of MoS2 and Cu nanoparticle blends. Rheological studies reveal that blending of nanoparticles has marginal influence on the rheological behaviour of the lubricants. The lubricants show shear thinning behaviour at low shear rates. However at higher shear rates, lubricants behave as Newtonian fluids.

A novel comprehensive energy, exergy and sustainability analysis of a diesel engine powered by binary blends of juliflora biodiesel and nanoparticles

A novel comprehensive energy, exergy and sustainability analysis of a diesel engine powered by binary blends of juliflora biodiesel and nanoparticles

Experimental evaluation and neural network modelling of reactivity-controlled compression ignition engine using cashew nut shell oil biodiesel-alumina nanoparticle blend and gasoline injection

The current desire is for enhanced combustion techniques that improve engine efficiency while successfully reducing emissions. Reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion encompasses the ability to increase fuel efficiency and decrease oxides of nitrogen emissions compared to conventional compression ignition (CI) combustion. This study presents a novel investigation that focuses on the capabilities of the RCCI engine, utilizing a unique combination of gasoline and diesel blended with cashew nut shell oil biodiesel (CNSOB) and the addition of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles. CNSOB extracted from waste shell has an oil content of 30–35 wt% yield. The cost of the oil range between is ₹. 40–50 in India. The engine operates on a blend of gasoline, known for its low reactivity, and diesel blended with CNSOB, a renewable and environmentally friendly alternative to diesel. The effects of varying proportions of the blend (B0, B50, and B100) and the addition of Al2O3 nano additive (25 and 50 ppm) on the efficiency and emissions of RCCI combustion are comprehensively analyzed experimentally. The results reveal that RCCI combustion significantly improves engine performance compared to compression ignition engines. A 2% increase in maximum in-cylinder pressure indicates improved combustion efficiency. Furthermore, fuel economy is improved by up to 2% due to increased engine brake thermal efficiency (BTE). Further, nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions are reduced by up to 54% during RCCI combustion, demonstrating its potential for reducing pollution. Utilizing CNSOB biodiesel results in a 50% reduction in hydrocarbon (HC) emissions as well as a 17% reduction in carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. This indicates improved air quality and reduces environmental pollution. The incorporation of Al2O3 nano additives into the RCCI engine results in a 5% reduction in brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), showing better engine energy efficiency. Based on the results of the investigation, a neural network framework was developed. The neural network framework was developed to replicate both the efficiency and pollution parameters of the RCCI engine using the experimentally determined relationship between input factors and output parameters. The neural network model was trained using 70% of the available data, and its performance was evaluated by comparison of predictions with the corresponding observations from experiments. The forecast outcomes matched those of the trial, demonstrating the artificial neural network (ANN) models effectiveness and precision in predicting the engine performance and emissions.

Multi-response optimization of energy, exergy, emission, economic characteristics of a variable compression ratio diesel engine fuelled with diesel–bioethanol–Al2O3 nanoparticle blend using Taguchi–Grey approach

Multi-response optimization of energy, exergy, emission, economic characteristics of a variable compression ratio diesel engine fuelled with diesel–bioethanol–Al2O3 nanoparticle blend using Taguchi–Grey approach

Impact of Al2O3 with Different Injection Pressures Using Deccan Hemp Oil Methyl Ester-Diesel Blend: An Experimental Study

Fuel derived from deccen hemp oil (DHO) has been utilized in the current study due to non-stop consumption and unpredictable price fluctuations, which made researchers concentrate on searching for a suitable substitute for diesel fuel (DF). This study aims to investigate the effect of injection pressure (IP) on the performance, emission, and combustion behaviours of the compression ignition (CI) engine using aluminium oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles. In the present work, the Al2O3 nanoparticles were blended with deccen hemp oil methyl ester-diesel fuel blend (DHME20) at a dosing level of 50 mg/l. Engine performance, emission, and combustion behaviour were assessed with Al2O3 blended DHME20 at two different IP of 210 and 230 bar, and results were analyzed. The blending of nanoparticles into the test fuel resulted in improved characteristics of the engine. Increased IP enhances the spray penetration in the cylinder, improving the combustion quality. This study concluded that mixing Al2O3 with DHME20 might be a better alternate fuel for a CI engine operating at 230 bar of IP.

Investigation on effects of cobalt-chromite nanoparticle blends in compression-ignition engine

This work provides a high-level overview of the performance parameters of a nanoparticle-fuelled engine emulsion. The nanoparticle of cobalt chromite was created by a straightforward laboratory procedure. The nanoparticles were introduced at concentrations of 20 ppm, 40 ppm, 60 ppm, and 80 ppm, with the optimal concentration being found to be a Kapok methylester-20 (KME20) blend. Varying the timings and operated the engine at a constant speed 1800 rpm. Injections can be given at 19, 23, or 27 degrees before the before top dead centre, which are referred to as retardation, standard, and advanced, respectively. The Brake thermal efficiency is increased by 7.2% when the blend of KME20 with 80 ppm advanced is compared to the triggered ignition delay. Unburnt hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide levels in the 80 ppm-Advanced KME20 mix are reduced by 37.86% and 41.66%, respectively, when compared to the standard injection period. Oxides of nitrogen and carbon monoxide in the blend KME20 with 20 ppm - retardation rose by 16.45 and 9.5 percent, respectively, compared to the duration of normal injections. Increased the brake thermal efficiency for KME20 with nanoparticles at concentration of 80 ppm is 7.5% as related to same blend without doping of nanoparticles. Using kapok methyl ester with nanoparticles doped in the standard engine can improve efficiency and performance.

Development of chitosan-graphene oxide blend nanoparticles for controlled flurbiprofen delivery

The use of natural polymeric nanoparticles (Nps) as drug carriers is a highly promising area of research in the field of drug delivery systems because of their high efficiency. In this study, flurbiprofen (FB) loaded chitosan-graphene oxide (CS-GO) blend Nps were synthesized as a controlled delivery system using the emulsion method. The crystalline, molecular, and morphological structures of the prepared CS-GO Nps were characterized using a variety of analytical methods, including Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-Ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). It was found that the introduction of GO into the CS nanoparticle formulation increased its thermal stability. The range of the average particle size was between 362 ± 5.06 and 718 ± 2.21 nm, with negative zeta potential values between −7.67 ± 4.16 and − 27.93 ± 2.26 mV. The effects of the CS/GO ratio, the FB/polymer ratio, the amount of span 80, and the cross-linker concentration were assessed on FB release profiles. In vitro release studies displayed a two-stage release behaviour with a fast initial release of the FB, followed by sustained and extended release, and the incorporation of GO into the CS Nps made the FB release more sustained and controlled manner. Besides, the cytotoxicity test of the FB-loaded CS-GO Nps was studied through MTT assay, and it was found that they were biocompatible. Based on these findings, it can be inferred that the prepared CS-GO Nps might be a promising candidate drug carrier system for FB.

Investigation on characteristics discrepancy through MWCNT nano particle blend of coconut oil

Due to their outstanding qualities, nanoparticles have proven effective in all engineering applications. The goal of the current work is to use the Multi walled Carbon Nano Tubes (MWCNT) to improve in engine performance and decrease in exhaust emissions caused by the addition of nanosized fuel additives to both diesel and blended diesel fuel. It has been discovered that adding gasoline additives improves combustion characteristics and promotes thermo-physical qualities. The fuel additive's addition accelerated burning and decreased the ignition delay. The ability to blend biodiesel with diesel was made possible by the enhancement of fuel characteristics brought about by nanoparticles used as fuel additives. It has been shown that adding the right amount of fuel additive improves ignition characteristics and decreases. In this investigation predominantly concentrated on characteristics discrepancy through MWCNT mixed blend of biodiesel of coconut oil (BCO). The biodiesel produced from the coconut oil through the transesterification procedure. For the improvement of the biodiesel properties by means of the involvement of the nano particles of MWCNT of size 30 to 40 nm. There are four combination of the nanoparticles added fuels such as were created to compare the properties. The variations were created with the amount of MWCNT mixing such as 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm and 200 ppm in every liter of the fuel. BCO mixed with 200 ppm MWCNT mixed blend shows best performance as Calorific Value increased by 22.22%, Kinematic viscosity @ 40°C improved by 7.71%, percentage of Cetane number increased by 21.43%, The percentage of decreased the Carbon residue percentage by 7.67%, and the percentage of decreased Flash point by 8% than the base fuel BCO.

Magnetic Nanoparticles Improve Flow Rate and Enable Self-Healing in Covalent Adaptable Networks.

Covalent adaptable networks (CANs) combine the mechanical and chemical stability of thermosets with the reprocessability of thermoplastics through the incorporation of stimuli-responsive dynamic crosslinks. To allow for processing through induction heating, we have created associative CANs that include fillers in the polymer matrix for efficient heat transfer. While the inclusion of inorganic fillers often decreases flow rate in CANs and complicates reprocessing of the material, the presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles had no detrimental effect on flow behavior in a vinylogous urethane vitrimer, an observation we attribute to the catalytic nature of nanoparticles on the dynamic exchange chemistry. We employed two methods of nanoparticle incorporation: blending bare nanoparticles and crosslinking chemically modified nanoparticles. The vitrimers with covalently crosslinked nanoparticles exhibited a decreased relaxation time compared to those with blended nanoparticles. The magnetic character of the Fe3O4 nanoparticles enabled self-healing of the vitrimer composite materials upon exposure to an alternating electromagnetic field during induction heating.