Design of blasting-rounds in surface coal mines is dependent on physical properties and structural characteristics of the overburden material. In the absence of any theoretical formula to design blasting rounds, mines have adopted a “trial and error” approach to optimize their blasting system. Blasting data from approximately one hundred surface coal mines were utilized to develop a set of nomograms based on a set of eleven equations relating rock physical properties, blasting-round dimensions and explosive characteristics. An interactive computer program has been developed. Blasting efficiency in frozen rock is influenced by moisture content of the permafrost.
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