Black Indian Research Articles

Africa in New Orleans: Creole Complexities in Racist America

Africa in New Orleans: Creole Complexities in Racist America

Abstract 2513: An examination of socioeconomic status, race, and health outcomes in the 2009 CHIS adult population.

Abstract Introduction: The social gradient effect refers to incremental disparities in health status and conditions and extends beyond differential health status found in comparisons between those from the poorest groups and those from the wealthiest groups. The social gradient also results in differential health profiles among all levels of social class as members from the middle class also have poorer health profiles than those from the wealthiest class.A highly overlapping construct with social status, particularly in the U.S., is race and ethnicity. It is difficult to disentangle the effects of one from the other as ethnic and racial minorities are disproportionately represented in lower levels of SES. Methods: We examine the social gradient and its influence on different health outcomes (i.e., limited activity due to a chronic condition, high blood pressure, obesity, Type 2 diabetes, BMI, and perceived health) and preventive behaviors (i.e., smoking status, sedentary lifestyle, dietary behaviors, and drinking) among adults in the 2009 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS). We assess linear and non-linear trends of the relationship between SES and various outcomes for White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, and American Indian participants. We rely on two proxies of SES: education and family income. Educational attainment had four levels: less than a high school diploma, high school/GED completion, some college, and college degree and beyond. Family income as % of the federal poverty level (FPL) had four levels: 0-99%, 100-199%, 200-299%, and 300% and beyond. Results: In general, Whites reported more favorable health behaviors and health status in comparison to Blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and American Indians. In addition, the trends analyses indicated that educational attainment and family income significantly predicted all health status and health behavior variables for the total population, providing evidence for the social gradient after adjusting for age, gender, race, and acculturation. Race stratified analyses indicated that Whites demonstrated the most consistent effects of the social gradient collapsed across all outcomes and behaviors for both educational attainment and family income. The social gradient was observed the least for Blacks and American Indians, particularly when educational attainment was used to capture SES. In addition, Hispanics and Asians were the most likely to demonstrate non-linear effects of the social gradient in comparison to other racial and ethnic minority groups. Conclusion: The extent of income inequality contributes to the health of a nation as the average health status of a person is determined by income differences between the poorest and richest members of society. Future studies should examine temporal trends to track the impact of the social gradient for different racial and ethnic populations in tandem with indices of national income inequalities. Citation Format: Anh B. Nguyen, Richard Moser, Wen-Ying Chou. An examination of socioeconomic status, race, and health outcomes in the 2009 CHIS adult population. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2513. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2513

Influence of the Mineralogical and Mortar Components on the Adherence of Some “Granites”

Rock plate setting can be performed with metal inserts or by mortar adhesion. For mortar setting, the adhesion bond strength values, as a rule, should be above 1 MPa. In the present work, tests with eight types of “granite” tiles were performed to compare the adherence of five types of mortars. The rocks chosen were: Red Brasilia (syenogranite), Black Indian (migmatite), Green Labrador (charnockite), Black Sao Gabriel (hypersthene diorite), Rose Jacaranda (nebulitic migmatite syenogranite), Fantastic Blue (biotite monzogranite megaporphyritic serial gneissified), Grey Swallow (monzogranite) and Yellow Ornamental (garnet porphyroblastic gneiss), which do not have similar petrographic and sawability characteristics, thereby resulting in different initial roughness values of the plates obtained by breaking apart the blocks on the gangsaw machine, which use granulated steel as an abrasive element. The adherence of these rocks with the mortars was determined in the rough surface as well as in the polished surface by the pullout traction test, standardized for ceramics. The results showed that the mortar adhesion is related to roughness, to mineralogy and to the texture of these rocks. To verify this relationship, tensile bond strength tests were performed with the main mineral components of these rocks using single crystals with known optical orientation. Moreover, the microstructure study of the standard substrate/mortar/rock set was also performed.

Examining the Infractions Causing Higher Rates of Suspensions and Expulsions: Racial and Ethnic Considerations

This study investigated school discipline infractions leading to suspensions and expulsions in Louisiana to determine patterns and trends, particularly among racial/ethnic groups. Discipline incident data rather than student discipline data were used to provide a more accurate reflection of the number of infractions and dispositions occurring. Findings included that black students and American Indian students had a higher percentage of out-of-school suspensions and were more likely to commit an infraction in the violent discipline infractions category, but the overwhelming majority of offenses for all groups were for non-violent and non-drug offenses. Links to juvenile delinquency and zero tolerance policies are discussed.

Commentary: Shaper and Jones, 'Serum-cholesterol, diet and coronary heart-disease in Africans and Asians in Uganda': 50-year-old findings only need interpretational fine tuning to come up to speed!

Commentary: Shaper and Jones, 'Serum-cholesterol, diet and coronary heart-disease in Africans and Asians in Uganda': 50-year-old findings only need interpretational fine tuning to come up to speed!

Teaching & Learning Guide for: Multiracial Americans: Racial Identity Choices and Implications for the Collection of Race Data

Teaching & Learning Guide for: Multiracial Americans: Racial Identity Choices and Implications for the Collection of Race Data

Ethnic diversity in Britain: a stimulus for multicultural marketing

PurposeThe current study seeks to explore ethnic diversity in Britain by investigating the strength of ethnic identity and acculturation levels of two British ethnic minority groups – Indians and African Blacks. The study also aims to examine the role of demographic characteristics in explaining the strength of ethnic identity and acculturation levels between the surveyed ethnic groups.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilized a survey research design. Data was collected using a personally administered structured questionnaire from a convenience sample of 365 married ethnic members.FindingsThe results of t‐tests revealed that both Indians and African Blacks are strong ethnic identifiers and highly‐acculturated. Further results based on step‐wise regressions showed that age and income offer more explanatory power of ethnic diversity among African Blacks and Indians respectively.Research limitations/implicationsThe study highlights the complexity and importance of ethnicity in the development of multicultural strategies in Britain.Originality/valueResearch relating to ethnic diversity in Britain is relatively limited and of the very few studies available, there has been more emphasis on qualitative research approaches. This study also offers findings on ethnicity at a time when there is growth in the population of ethnic markets in Britain.

The Narrative Strategies of Resistance

This paper comparatively aims at exploring the bottom of the caste system in India and the apartheid system Jn South Africa in the literan; works of Bama's Karukku and Miriam Tlali's Muriel at Metropolitan. It argues that these two semi-autobiographical works constitute literan; resistance not only to the caste system and the apartheid system, but also to patriarchies. The social institutions of religion, law, politics, art and literature glorifi; the dominant ideology of the Caste Hindus and Race Whites. But, after centuries of suppression, Dalits and Blacks are now finding their voice, in literature as well as through political activism. In many ways an arm of downtrodden politics, literature lzave become an effective tool in expressing the protest of these communities against the domination of Caste Hindus and Race Whites. The protagonists of these novels take the radical step of rejecting and identift;ing themselves primarily as Dalits and Blacks. Through an analysis of these two texts, the article discusses the caste and race hierarchy prevalent in the world. It also explores larger ambiguities in the construction of an identity of Indian Dalits and South African Blacks.

Novel Bio-Chemical Profiling of Indian Black Teas with Reference to Quality Parameters

Novel bio-chemical profiling of Indian black teas covering all the regions and seasons (s1:April-June, s2:July-Sept., s3:Oct.-Dec., s4:Jan.- Mar.) from select gardens cutting across all climatic conditions so as to represent the variables was carried out. The profiling was carried out with reference to physico-bio-chemical quality indices based on parameters as well as volatiles and non-volatiles which are important from quality viewpoint. Different fingerprint markers in terms of volatiles and non-volatiles for tea quality were identified. Seasonal variation of TF/TR ratio over tea producing region/grade and with respect to quality was deliniated. Also the seasonal variation of sum of Yamanishi-Botheju and Mahanta ratio over tea producing region/grade and concomitant tea quality profile has been deliniated. The sum of TF/TR ratios of tea and the sum of the VFC ratios (Yamanishi-Botheju ratio and Mahanta ratio) added together is proposed for the first time as a new and novel quality index, hence forth referred to as Borse-Rao quality index, considered to be an overall quality indicator of tea as both the non-volatiles and volatiles are given due consideration. By using this quality index, seasonal variations of the tea quality over the producing regions/grades in all the four seasons (s1,s2,s3,s4) were carried out. Accordingly based on the Borse-Rao quality index, tea can be categorized as good (upto 1), better (>1-4) and best (>4) quality tea respectively.

Performance Evaluation of a Novel iTongue for Indian Black Tea Discrimination

In this work, the multi-electrode-single-frequency (MESF), multi-frequency-single-electrode (MFSE), and multi-frequency-multi-electrode (MFME) impedance responses of an impedance-Tongue reported previously, are evaluated for their discriminability of Indian Black Teas. Principal component analysis (PCA) in conjunction with a cluster validity measure, Davis-Bouldin Index (DBI), has been used for discriminability evaluation. The discriminabilities of electrode specific frequency segments chosen by optimization algorithms, namely, Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) have also been evaluated. The results show that the MFSE impedance response of Gold electrode gives the best discriminability without compromising the system complexity as against MESF, MFSE, MFME, and GA/PSO-optimized response. The results also suggest that the cross-sensitivity of electrodes may be enhanced by selecting optimum frequencies and/or electrodes, paralleling the practice of modifying the electrodes. This opens up a new approach towards qualitative and quantitative analysis of complex liquids.

Tyrone Grainger and the dilemma of blackness in London

Europe as terminus of Black dispersal holds much significance for the study of Black identity in the Diaspora due to its role in colonizing the African continent. More specifically, England was a major contender in the race to take control of human and natural resources in Africa and the Caribbean prior to and after the European slave trade. During the first 50 years of the twentieth century, Great Britain successfully lured Black West Indians to its shore with hopes of social, cultural, and economic freedom denied them in their homelands. This article explores the dilemma of Blackness and formation of African Diasporan identities in London during the twentieth century. It also examines the complexities of transnationalism and the impact of cultural memory and globalization on identity formation in Beryl Gilroy's novel Boy Sandwich (1989) through the experiences of Tyrone Grainger.

Phosphorous forms in cultivated indian black earth (anthrosols) of varying texture in the brazilian Amazon

Despite the agricultural importance of Indian Black Earth (IBE) in the Amazon region, there are few studies that report on the relation between soil texture and chemical fertility of IBE. These soils of pre-Colombian origin, with high contents of P, Ca and other nutrients are found across the Amazon valley. IBE profiles were studied to evaluate the total contents of P, its primary chemical forms and the P transformation phases in areas with IBE soils of variable texture and in adjacent reference soils. The soil texture strongly influenced soil fertility, changing in terms of transformation of the primary P forms and, consequently, predominant P forms in IBE. Soils with texture varying between clay and heavy clay had higher total P contents and primary Ca-P forms. Highest P-Al and lowest total P amounts were observed at the site Rio Preto da Eva, where texture varies from sandy loam to sandy clay loam. In the IBE with clay texture the amounts of soluble P, extracted with NH4Cl were highest, although different from Mehlich 1-extractable amounts.

Investigation in activity time budget and Social Organization of Indian Black Buck (Antilope cervicapra) Linn. (Mammalia Artodactyla) at M.C. Zoological Park, Chhatbir (Pb.) (India)

Indian Black Buck (Antilope cervicapra) Linn. is a state animal of Haryana and Punjab. The present study has been conducted at M.C Zoological park, Chhatbir (Pb). The present study revealed that black buck is early riser and temperature and sunlight affects in activities and social organisation. Females found in herds and herds of males never seen.

A Study of Reproductive Behaviour of Indian Black Buck (Antilope cervicapra) Linn. with Reference to Courtship, Breeding, Fawning and Colouration

These species exhibits a high degree of sexual dimorphism; the male is larger than the female, is strikingly coloured in black and white, and sports a magnificent pair of spiralling horns. The black of the male is replaced by an inconspicuous brown in the female. The aggressive behaviour is commonly seen throughout the year. The reproductive behaviour of black buck was recorded during the present study. The mating was primarily observed in the months of March and October. The young ones yellowish fawn in colour. After about three years it begins to turn black. A buck has a brown black coat. The colour usually fades a little during summer but after the rains the velvety texture acquires sheen.

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF CERTAIN BOTANICAL EXTRACTS AS LARVICIDES AGAINST THE YELLOW FEVER MOSQUITO, AEDES AEGYPTI.L

ABSTRACT As a part of a programme on possible utilization of indigenous plant extracts in pest management practices, acetone extracts of eight plant species collected in the state of Andhra Pradesh, India, were tested for their larvicidal activity against the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti L. The buds of Tail Pepper, Piper cubeba L, Capers Capparis spinosa L and Indian Black Berry, Syzygium cumini L. the florals of Indian Oleander, Nerium indicum (Mill.), Indian Cork tree, Millingtonia hortensis L. and Royal Poinciana, Delonix regia L., leaves of Wood Apple, Limonia acidissima L. and Physic Nut, Jatropha curcas L were collected locally, shade dried and extracted in the soxhelet apparatus. Six of the 8 plants studied exhibited toxicity against the 3rd instar larvae. The extracts of D. regia and L. acidissima were most active and showed toxicity up to 100 %. The dry bud extractions of S. cumini and J. curcas also showed significant larval mortality. Acetone extract of P. cubeba and C. spinosa were less active, and needed higher concentrations to obtain 50% toxicity. Hence, these active plant extracts may be used in control of the A. aegypti causing dengue fever and many other diseases.

Drought Induced Nepotistic Behaviour in Indian Black Ibis (<i>Pseudibis papillosa</i>) Inhabiting the Arid Zone of Rajasthan, India

Drought induced nepotistic behaviour in the Indian Black ibis (Pseudibis papillosa) inhabiting the arid zone of Rajasthan has been studied. The aim of the present study is to know about any breeding abnormalities induced in the Indian Black ibis by seasonal tragedy like drought. As such the nepotistic behaviour is not found in the Black ibis (Pseudibis papillosa) during normal season. Drought induces a reduced nesting activity and nepotistic behaviour in the Black ibis inhabiting arid zone. The helper birds (Non breeding birds of the own species) become active during drought to assist breeding pairs of Black ibis in various reproductive activities like feeding of breeding female, nestlings, fledglings and defending the nests. The role of helpers in breeding activities of Black ibis during drought also improves their clutch size, hatching success and fledgling success. The significance of the drought induced nepotistic behaviour in Black ibis in view of Hamilton’s theory of kin selection has been discussed.Keywords: Nepotistic behaviour, Black ibis, arid zone, Rajasthan, Indiadoi: 10.3126/on.v6i1.1654Our Nature (2008)6:47-51

Black, White, and Indian: Race and the Unmaking of an American Family. By Claudio Saunt. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. xii, 300 pp. Paper, $19.95, ISBN 978-0-19-531310-9.)

Writing family history, Claudio Saunt ruminates after attending a 2000 conference at Dartmouth College on black Indians, reveals that “African and Indian relationships are as fraught with tensions as those between Africans and Europeans” (p. 7). His subsequent research, more like walking barefoot through a field of cacti to characterize it bluntly, is a prickly foray into southwestern mixed racial history, chronicling five generations of the Grayson family. Saunt is well suited to this study. His earlier work, A New Order of Things: Property, Power, and the Transformation of the Creek Indians, 1733–1816 (1999), won the 2000 Charles S. Sydnor Award for the best book in southern history and the Wheeler-Voegelin Award for the best book in ethnohistory. Saunt's recent study, Black, White, and Indian, recieved the William P. Clements Prize for the best nonfiction book on southwestern America. The fractured Grayson family saga begins with Creek Indians tracing their ancestry to a Scottish trader and slave owner, Robert Grierson, who took a Creek wife, Sinnugee, and lived in the Creek nation. Their family of eight included daughter Katy and son William, both of whom had children by African American partners in the early nineteenth century, but Katy abandoned her mate and married a prosperous Creek named Tulwa Tustanagee. Her new family owned slaves and prospered. William, on the other hand, had seven children by an African American woman, worked for a decade to earn their freedom, and then moved his newly emancipated family to the Western Creek nation. Katy's family and their slaves removed to Indian Territory two years later, but the two branches of the family maintained strict separation. Reinforcing the division was an increasingly mixed Creek and white elite that realized that its “survival depended on carefully negotiating the racial hierarchy that formed U.S. policies and shaped American communities” (p. 215). Non-African Creeks positioned themselves over part-African Creeks under the plantation system and after Andrew Jackson's removal policies in the 1830s, as well as during the Civil War, Reconstruction, and allotment in the 1890s.

Dissertation List

Dissertation List Jonathan Erlen and Jay Toth January 2006 Ackley, Kristina Lyn. "We are Oneida yet: Discourse in the Oneida land claim." PhD diss., SUNY at Buffalo, 2005. Alessi, Joseph P. "Settling America: Indians, Euroamericans, and the establishment of the frontier towns, 1600-1830." PhD diss., St. Louis University, 2005. Atine, Christine D. "The experience of Navajo families living with the stigma of mental illness: A phenomenological study." PhD diss., University of Denver, 2005. Davis, James Joe, Jr. "The effects of coalition building on Public Law 93-531: The Navajo and Hopi Land Settlement Act of 1974." PhD diss., University of Arizona, 2005. De Leon, Diana Fisher. "A study on forging a new front and building a new vision for tribal environmental health policy on the Colorado River Indian Reservation." PhD diss., University of Arizona, 2005. Denial, Catherine Jane. "A proper light before the country: The shifting politics of gender and kinship among the Dakota, Ojibwe and non-Native communities of the Upper Midwest, 1825-1845." PhD diss., University of Iowa, 2005. Evans, Lara M. "One of these things is not like the other: Works by Native performance artists James Luna, Greg Hill, and Rebecca Bemore." PhD diss., University of New Mexico, 2005. Fitzgerald, Barbara J. "Gender equity and technology use in K-5 classrooms in a Native American school." PhD diss., Walden University, 2005. Funk, Caroline L. "Evolutionary and cognitive influences on hunter-gatherer settlement location in the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta of Alaska." PhD diss., University of Wisconsin, 2005. [End Page 549] George, Maggie L. "The promise of indigenous education: A case study of Navajo bilingual-bicultural teachers." PhD diss., University of Kansas, 2005. Green, Chris. "The epidemiology of diabetes in Manitoba: An exploration through time and space." PhD diss., University of Manitoba, 2005. Kipp, Billie Jo. "Crystallized versus fluid intelligence in American Indian children referred to developmental clinics: An examination of multiple measures and indicators." PhD diss., University of Montana, 2005. Krahe, Diane L. "Last refuge: The uneasy embrace of Indian lands by the national wilderness movement, 1937-1965." PhD diss., Washington State University, 2005. Labreche, Yves. "Appropriation et conservation des resources alimentaires chez les Inuit de Kangiqsujuaq-Salliuit, Québec arctique: Perspective ethnoarchéologique." PhD diss., Université de Montréal, 2005. Lambe, Jeffrey P. "We plant a tree of peace: Mohawk Chief Jake Swamp's narratives, dynamics of relationships, and principles of peace." PhD diss., Trent University, 2005. Lang, Martin Joeseph. "Conspicuous absence, quiet presence: Representations of American Indians and gaming in Minnesota's mainstream and Indian-produced newspapers." PhD diss., University of Minnesota, 2005. Larcombe, Linda Anne. "Native North American resistance and susceptibility to infectious diseases: An anthropological approach." PhD diss., University of Manitoba, 2005. Manuelito-Kervliet, Cassandra. "Widening the circle: Mentoring and the learning process for American Indian women in tribal college administration." PhD diss., University of Oregon, 2005. McGlennen, Molly Suzanne. "It is evidence of faith to create: Spirituality and contemporary Native American women's poetics." PhD diss., University of California, 2005. Milligan, Marianne I. "Menominee prosodic structure." PhD diss., University of Wisconsin, 2005. Pauli, Wayne E. "The Native American digital divide: A preliminary investigation of an undergraduate population in South Dakota." PhD diss., Capella University, 2005. Powell, Francis J. "Assessing the identity of black Indians in Louisiana: A quantitative and qualitative analysis." PhD diss., Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, 2004. Ramos, Frances Lourdes. "The politics of ritual in Puebla de los Angeles, Mexico, 1695-1775." PhD diss., University of Texas, 2005. Robertson, Carmen Lee. "Reel artists: National Film Board of Canada portrayals of contemporary Aboriginal and Inuit artists and their art." PhD diss., University of Calgary, 2005. [End Page 550] Stock, Karen S. E. "The Skownan First Nation model for sustainable development and Aboriginal stewardship." PhD diss., University of Manitoba, 2005. Tronsen, Beverly Kay. "The rhetoric of disappearances: Racialized discourse and the Cherokee Removal." PhD diss., Washington State University, 2005. Vermilion, Mary R. "The Loyd site (11 MS 74): A prehistoric Moorehead phase nodal site." PhD diss., University of Illinois, 2005. Wilmerding, Mary Elizabeth Gesek. "The cultural sequence at the Nunik site, Chernabura Island, Alaska." PhD diss., Washington State University, 2005. February 2006 Andersen, Christian. "Courting colonialism? The juridical construction...

‘Race War’: Black American GIs and West Indians in Britain During The Second World War

During the Second World War some three million American service personnel came to the British Isles. Among them were more than 130,000 African-Americans who were segregated and subjected to the discrimination that crossed the Atlantic with their white countrymen. However, while many of the British hosts often welcomed the African-American GIs, the American-style Jim Crow was not welcomed. But while it has often seemed that the wartime British were free of race prejudice, treatment of troops and workers from the colonies, particularly the West Indies, suggest that this was not so. This article looks at the response to black GIs and West Indians in order to demonstrate that there was in fact greater continuity between British wartime and post-war race relations than has often appeared to be the case.

Managing hypertension: the challenges facing the non-medical prescriber

About 40% of the adult population of Britain has hypertension. Prevalence varies according to age, gender and ethnicity, and it is more common in those of Black African, Caribbean and Indian descent, and in those with diabetes. Hypertension represents a considerable cost burden to the NHS. The two main cardiovascular consequences – heart disease and stroke – costing around £7 billion and £6 billion, respectively. The new guidance issued recently by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence in conjunction with the British Hypertension Society updates the recommendations for pharmacological management of hypertension and give a clear step-wise approach to the management of hypertension in primary care. This article covers measures that are used to manage hypertension that should help nurse prescribers in their difficult task of acheiving blood pressure targets.