Establishment of trimester-specific reference intervals for hemostatic and hematologic indices and their associations with adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Prenatal exposure to multiple insecticides and reduced birth weight: a possible mediating role of plasma metabolomic alterations.

Postnatal but not prenatal exposure to artificial long days enhances growth and IGF-1 secretion in goat kids.

Systematic review of human developmental health effects following exposure to polychlorinated biphenyl mixtures in early life.

Parenteral nutrition (PN) plays a crucial role in providing nutritional support to premature and small for gestational age (SGA) neonates. In this randomized controlled study, we evaluated PN administration in preterm SGA neonates using the corrected weight estimated at the 10th percentile, as guided by a clinical decision support system (CDSS). A total of 100 SGA neonates were randomly assigned to either the Control group (n = 50) or the Intervention group (n = 50). Both groups received PN support using a specialized CDSS. In the Control group, the CDSS calculated the PN regimen based on the actual birth weight, whereas in the Intervention group, calculations were based on the corrected weight corresponding to the 10th percentile. Growth indicators (i.e., body weight, length, and head circumference) were measured at baseline and at the time of exclusive enteral feeding initiation (endpoint). At baseline, no differences were observed between the two groups regarding gestational age, sex, birth weight, length, level of prematurity (all p's > 0.05). At the endpoint, the median weight gain was greater in the intervention group (+0.16 kg) than that of the control group (+0.09 kg), p = 0.034. The relative change in body weight was higher in the intervention group (+13.6 %) compared to the control group (+6.4 %), p = 0.047. Nutrient estimation based on the 10th percentile of weight with the assistance of CDSS, appears to be the most favorable combination for faster weight gain among SGA neonates. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT07236957.

Late gestation heat stress in Sahiwal cows and its effects on neonatal immunocompetence and early growth.

Postnatal outcomes of twins based on chorionicity.

Descriptive cross-sectional analysis of nursing diagnoses, interventions, and outcomes in neonatal intensive care based on Roy's and Swanson's models.

Adverse perinatal outcomes associated with macrosomia in nulliparous women: A multicenter cohort study.

The relationship between neonatal hyperglycemia, neonatal illness, and 3-year outcomes in extremely preterm infants.

This study evaluates the long-term impact of a gender-transformative intervention that provided bicycles to adolescent girls in rural Zambia to enhance school attendance and empowerment. Implemented in 2017 across 100 schools, the intervention aimed to reduce travel barriers and improve educational access. Using an experimental design with a final sample of 1615 adolescent girls (676 treatment, 939 control) in 92 school clusters, we estimate the causal impact of bicycle ownership on sexual, reproductive, maternal and child health indicators five years post-intervention. Our findings indicate a statistically significant 11.5 percentage point increase in adolescent motherhood among the treatment group compared to the control group. However, the intervention did not significantly affect antenatal care visits, iron and folic acid use, institutional deliveries, birth weight, or exclusive breastfeeding (n=382). For sexual reproductive health outcomes, girls in the treatment group were 11 percentage points more likely to report sexual debut and eight percentage points more likely to report wanting the pregnancy. Causal mediation analysis suggests increased empowerment partially mediated the observed rise in adolescent motherhood. Complier analysis indicates a higher likelihood of adolescent childbearing for girls who use the bicycle for school as intended by the programme. These findings highlight the complexities of gender-transformative interventions in low-resource settings. While aiming to empower adolescent girls, increased mobility and decision-making power may intersect with unintended reproductive health consequences. This underscores the need for integrated program designs that complement empowerment initiatives with comprehensive sexual health education and services to mitigate adverse outcomes.

Malaria during pregnancy continues to compromise maternal, fetal, and subsequently infant health. This burden has increased in Africa, though it has decreased elsewhere. Here, we provide a concise review of recent findings on malaria in pregnancy, addressing pathogenesis, immunity, offspring outcomes, and interventions. Placental alterations and inflammation accompanying Plasmodium infection result in maternal morbidity and adverse birth outcomes, with new findings indicating antenatal infection affects infant immune and neurocognitive development. Adverse outcomes from placental infection reduce over successive pregnancies, but the drivers of this protection have been challenging to uncover. Despite parasite resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), it still helps improve birth weight as an intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy. Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine, though more effective against parasitemia, does not improve birth outcomes when used alone or in combination with SP. Interventions targeting first-trimester infections, blood-stage parasites, and vaccines that prime defences in primigravidae would be optimal for controlling malaria in pregnancy.

This field study on 69 healthy hyperprolific sows, aimed to analyze reproductive parameters including farrowing dynamics, housing systems, and piglet vitality. The average gestation length was 114.5±1.28 days, with most parturitions occurring between days 113 and 116. Farrowing duration was significantly positively associated with parity, showing an average of 267.6±108.1min. Litter size averaged 17.2±4.2 piglets, with a positive correlation between farrowing duration and litter size. Farrowing length differed significantly between dystocic and eutocic sows, averaging 324.9±94.1min in dystocic sows compared with 193.1±75.2min in eutocic sows (p<0.0001). Similarly, the birth-to-birth interval (BPI) was longer in dystocic sows (24.74±1.60min) than in eutocic sows (10.49±1.39min, p<0.0001). Obstetric interventions were more frequent in CRATE than in free-farrowing systems. In CRATE, four or more assistance events occurred in 30% of dystocia cases, whereas no parturition in free-farrowing systems required more than two or three assistance events, suggesting that housing conditions influence dystocia rates. Visually assessed uterine contractions during expulsion were delayed and weaker in dystocic sows compared to eutocic. Vulval lacerations occurred in 26.1% of sows, with more severe injuries and slower healing in CRATE housing. Piglet vitality decreased with longer farrowings and was lowest in CRATE during dystocia. First-week piglet mortality was highest in PEN and GROUP systems, regardless of farrowing process. Lower birth weight and higher meconium scores were linked to increased early mortality. Overall, housing system, farrowing duration, and parity influence farrowing outcomes, piglet vitality, and neonatal losses.

Treatment delays and outcomes in pregnancy-associated cancer: a multicenter analysis.

The purpose of our study was to describe the time to full oral enteral feeding for extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). We conducted a retrospective chart review of ELBW infants born at a regional medical center between July 1, 2021, and December 31, 2022. Infants who died or were transferred before discharge from the NICU were excluded from the study. Fifty four ELBW infants met the inclusion criteria for the study. Survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan-Meier curves to estimate the time to full oral feeds over an observation period of up to 153 days. A total of 25% of all ELBW infants achieved full oral feeding by 94 days of life, and 33.3% achieved full oral feeding before discharge from the NICU. The median time to full oral feeding for ELBW infants born at 27 to 30 weeks gestational age was 82 days. After adjusting for gestational age and birthweight, infants who did not achieve full oral feeds were discharged 12 days later (95% confidence interval: 2-23 days; P = 0.02) than infants who achieved full oral feeds. The majority of ELBW infants did not achieve full oral feeding before NICU discharge. Early discussion of an alternate home feeding plan may shorten the duration of NICU stay.

Does aggressive policing worsen infant health disparities? Evidence from 'Stop and Frisk' in New York City.

The Association Between Preeclampsia and Low Birth Weight in Hospitals in Medan: A Case-Control Study

Pregnancy induces a variety of hormonal, vascular, and immunological changes that can significantly affect the oral cavity, particularly the periodontium. Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the supporting structures of the teeth, has been increasingly linked to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and preeclampsia. This review explores the complex relationship between pregnancy and periodontal health, emphasizing the bidirectional nature of their interaction. The findings highlight the importance of early diagnosis and management of periodontal disease in pregnant women.

BACKGROUND Anxiety and depression during pregnancy are relatively common among pregnant women, with a prevalence rate reaching 30% in some regions of China. Existing studies suggest that maternal psychological states during pregnancy may influence fetal development through neuroendocrine mechanisms and are associated with neonatal outcomes. However, the relationship between these factors and specific neonatal indicators such as Apgar score and birth weight remains incompletely understood. AIM To investigate the effects of anxiety and depressive symptoms during pregnancy on the Apgar score and birth weight of newborns. METHODS This study enrolled 100 primiparous women who registered and delivered at our hospital between October 2021 and October 2024. Participants were categorized into a normal group (70 cases) and an adverse outcome group (30 cases) based on neonatal outcomes. We collected and compared the general information, sleep status, mode of delivery, fasting blood glucose, and other clinical indicators of the two groups of pregnant women in the third trimester. Using logistic regression analysis, receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves, and correlation analysis, we examined the relationship between pregnancy anxiety/depression symptoms and neonatal Apgar scores and birth weight. RESULTS The adverse outcome group exhibited significantly higher Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), pregnancy stress scores, and fasting blood glucose levels compared to the normal group (all P &lt; 0.05). Additionally, they showed poorer sleep quality, lower natural delivery rates, shorter gestational age, lower newborn birth weight, shorter body length, and lower 5-minute Apgar scores. Logistic regression analysis revealed that SAS, SDS, poor sleep quality, and pregnancy stress scores were independent risk factors for adverse neonatal outcomes (all P &lt; 0.05). ROC analysis demonstrated that SAS and SDS had area under the curve values of 0.958 and 0.979, respectively, indicating strong predictive power for adverse neonatal outcomes (all P &lt; 0.05). Correlation analysis showed negative correlations between anxiety/depression scores and 5-minute Apgar scores (R = -0.60, P &lt; 0.001; R = -0.66, P &lt; 0.001, respectively) and birth weight (R = -0.80, P &lt; 0.001; R = -0.81, P &lt; 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION Pregnancy-related anxiety, depressive symptoms, poor sleep quality, and high stress levels are independent risk factors for adverse neonatal outcomes. The SAS and SDS scales demonstrate strong predictive value for such outcomes. Clinicians should prioritize maternal mental health, which supports healthy neonatal development.

Background: Spiritual mindfulness plays a role in reducing pregnancy-related stress and supporting favorable birth outcomes, thereby representing a potential strategy for prevention of low birth weight (LBW). The aimed to analyze necessity for spiritual mindfulness among pregnant women as an effort to prevent LBW. Methods: A qualitative designed with a phenomenological approach to explore subjective meanings, lived experiences, and spiritual mindfulness practices of pregnant women in relation to LBW prevention. Participants were selected using purposive sampling based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Key informants were pregnant women who met the eligibility criteria, while village midwives served as the main subjects, and community health volunteers acted as supporting informants. Data were collected through Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Instruments study included researcher as primary instrument, a semi-structured interview guide, and informed consent forms. Data analysis used thematic analysis. Validity was ensured through the application of trustworthiness criteria. Results: LBW cases are still present and associated with various maternal and obstetric risk factors, particularly hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, anemia, premature rupture of membranes, and chronic energy deficiency. Psychosocial factors also contribute to risk of LBW. Maternal stress and anxiety, especially in unplanned pregnancies, may adversely affect maternal and fetal health. Social support from family members and supportive approaches from healthcare providers emerged as important protective factors in maintaining maternal well-being. Additionally, they demonstrated limited understanding of LBW. Conclusion: Spiritual mindfulness emerged as a psychosocial necessity that supports pregnant women in managing stress, enhancing inner calmness, and promoting positive health behaviors during pregnancy.