Type Of Birth Research Articles

Genetic and environmental parameters for early growth and yearling traits of the Elsenburg South African Mutton Merino resource flock

The Elsenburg South African Mutton Merino (SAMM) resource flock has been maintained at the Elsenburg Research Farm in the Western Cape, South Africa since 1955. Early growth and lamb survival data (record numbers from 9512 for weaning weight or WW to 13101 for lamb survival LS) over the 66-year period from 1955 to 2020 and yearling weight and wool data (record numbers from 1351 the coefficient of variation of fibre diameter or CVFD to 3505 for clean yield or CY) over a 38-year period from 1983 to 2020 were used to estimate genetic and environmental parameters for the flock. The ASREML package was used to estimate fixed effects and genetic parameters. Birth year, sex, birth type and age of dam significantly (P < 0.001) influenced the weight traits and LS. The interaction between birth year and sex was evident in most early growth traits. Direct single-trait heritability estimates amounted to 0.11 ± 0.02 for birth weight (BW), 0.04 ± 0.01 for WW, 0.03 ± 0.01 for LS, 0.28 ± 0.04 for yearling weight (YW), 0.62 ± 0.04 for CY, 0.36 ± 0.04 for clean fleece weight (CFW), 0.33 ± 0.05 for staple length (SL), 0.56 ± 0.06 for CVFD, and 0.65 ± 0.04 for fibre diameter (FD). Maternal heritability estimates were 0.17 ± 0.02 for BW, and 0.06 ± 0.01 for WW. Maternal permanent environmental effects amounted to 0.08 ± 0.02 for BW, 0.04 ± 0.01 for WW, 0.04 ± 0.01, 0.07 ± 0.02 for YW and 0.05 ± 0.02 for CFW. Litter effects were 0.22 ± 0.01 for BW, 0.18 ± 0.02 for WW and 0.14 ± 0.01 for LS. Multi-trait heritability estimates compared well with the single-trait estimates. Genetic correlations for the weight traits in the three-trait analyses ranged from −0.23 ± 0.12 for BW and YW to 0.81 ± 0.09 for WW and YW. Genetic, environmental, and phenotypic correlations amongst yearling weight and wool traits in the six-trait analyses were low to moderate and mostly within the ranges from previous literature for wool breeds. It should be feasible to select for a balanced breeding objective based on economic considerations in the flock.

The paradoxical influence of the COVID-19 lockdown period on different types of preterm births in Alberta: a provincial study.

The objective of this study was to determine if the COVID-19 pandemic impacted different types of preterm birth rates in Alberta, Canada. A population-based, retrospective, cohort study was conducted from March 15, 2015 to December 31, 2020 using provincial data. The primary exposure was the COVID-19 lockdown period, and the primary outcome was the incidence of preterm birth (<37 weeks gestational age). Multivariable analyses in the complete lockdown and overall lockdown (partial and complete lockdown) periods were performed to test the association between the year of birth and preterm birth status and were adjusted for various independent variables. Preterm birth status was adjusted for various confounding factors. Following the analysis of n = 41,187 mothers and their singleton infants, we found that the lockdown due to COVID-19 had no impact in reducing the overall preterm birth rate. However, a paradoxical influence was observed with an increase of extremely low preterm births in the overall lockdown period, and a decrease in moderate preterm births during the complete lockdown period. The results of this study demonstrated that there was a decrease in moderate and increase in extremely low preterm birth rates as a result of the COVID-19 lockdown. However, the COVID-19 lockdown did not impact the very preterm and late preterm birth rate in Alberta.

Correlates of infant mortality in Benshangul-Gumuz regional State, Ethiopia

BackgroundInfant mortality is one of the commonest health-related indicators that are used to assess the health status of the society of a nation. Despite the decline in global infant mortality rate, the rate of decline in low-and middle-income countries including Ethiopia is below the rate expected to attain Sustainable Development Goal targets. Benshangul-Gumuz regional state is among the regions in Ethiopia with high infant mortality rate. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the infant mortality rate and identifying risk factors associated with the infant mortality in Benshangul-Gumuz regional state, Ethiopia. MethodsThis study used data drawn from 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic and Health Survey (2019 EMDHS). Multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the risk factors associated with infant mortality. ResultsA total of 530 live births were included in this study. The infant mortality rate in this study was 81 (95% CI: 59, 108) per 1000 live births. Females (AOR: 0.690, 95% CI: 0.342, 0.899), multiple births (AOR: 3.067, 95% CI: 2.313, 10.139), mothers with secondary and higher education (AOR: 0.460, 95% CI: 0.287, 0.885), mothers aged 34 years and older (AOR: 1.539, 95% CI: 1.183, 9.802), mothers having ANC visits (AOR: 0.597, 95% CI: 0.326, 0.709) and health institution delivery (AOR: 0.611, 95% CI: 0.0.294, 0.0.899) were significant risk factors associated with infant mortality. ConclusionFactors sex of child, type of birth, maternal educational status, age of mother, ANC visits and place of delivery were found to be correlates of infant mortality in Benshangul-Gumuz regional state, Ethiopia. Thus, enhancing mothers to have the ANC follow up during pregnancy and deliver at health institution is recommended in the region.

Reproductive performance and productivity of local and Dorper x local crossbred ewes under community-based management system, Ethiopia

This study evaluated the reproductive and productivity of local and Dorper crossbred ewes in a community-based management system. We analyzed data collected from 2013 to 2021, taking into account different factors such as dam-breed, location, type of birth, season, and year of lambing. Lambing was observed all year-round, but the majority (35%) occurred in September, October, and December. This suggests that pasture availability, which is influenced by climatic-factors, may play a role in the seasonality of lambing. Litter-size at birth and weaning did not show any significant difference. Age at first lambing varied between breeds (P < 0.001), while lambing-interval and annual reproductive rates were unaffected by dam-breed (P > 0.05). The annual number of lambing per year significantly varied based on location and lambing seasons (P < 0.001), with a higher frequency during the major rainy-season compared to the dry-season (1.58vs1.42), highlighting the influence of feed availability. Productivity indices of ewes were calculated. Location and season of lambing had a significant impact on annual ewe productivity, while the ewe genotype showed no significant influence on productivity indices, except for the weight of lambs produced per kilogram of metabolic weight (0.84vs0.72 lambs per kg ewe and year; P < 0.01: 2.02vs1.77 kg lamb per kg0.75 ewe and year), where local ewes outperformed Dorper crossbred ewes. The difference in annual-productivity indices between local and Dorper crossbred ewes was more evident when considering the postpartum weight, as the ewes exhibited higher postpartum weights. However, both ewe genotypes produced comparable lamb weights per year (20.91vs20.16 kg lamb weaned per ewe and year for local and Dorper crossbred ewes, respectively). In summary, under low-input conditions, Dorper crossbred ewes demonstrated comparable reproductive performances and productivity traits to local ewes. Nevertheless, breed and environmental factors identified in this study should be taken into account to enhance sheep productivity in both local and Dorper crossbred ewes.

What women want if they were to have another baby: the Australian Birth Experience Study (BESt) cross-sectional national survey

ObjectivesTo explore if Australian women would do anything differently if they were to have another baby.Design and settingThe Birth Experience Study (BESt) online survey explored pregnancy, birth and postnatal experiences...

Sexuality and Counseling in Postpartum Women

The World Health Organization describes sexuality as a developmental process like pregnancy and postpartum period and the complete well-being of the individual in physical, emotional, mental and social harmony, noting that it is affected by many factors such as culture, society, family, hormones and daily activities. In other words, a woman's sexuality in the postpartum period is affected by the type of birth, interventions performed at birth, breastfeeding, a woman's body image, postpartum depression, and fear of becoming pregnant again. In addition, factors such as dyspareunia, decreased sexual desire, fatigue, and insomnia that occur in postpartum women lead to a decrease in the frequency of sexual intercourse. However, qualified sexual health education and counseling by nurses during this sensitive period can be effective in eliminating women's concerns, correcting misinformation and misconceptions, and preventing sexual problems. Therefore, this review discusses the factors affecting sexuality of women's sexuality in the postpartum period and the importance of nursing services in line with the current literature.

THE USE OF TEST-DAY MILK YIELD AND LAMBS WEIGHT FOR PREDICTION OF SOME PRODUCTIVE TRAITS IN AWASSI SHEEP

This study was included 155 records of Awassi ewes and 199 records of lambs born during two seasons (2011-2012), belonging to the College of Agriculture and Forestry, Mosul University. The effect of year was highly significant on all traits except for weight gain from weaning to 180 days (GW180d). Age of dam was significantly affected daily milk yield (DMY), birth weight (BW), weaning weight (WW) and gain from birth to weaning (GBW). Type of birth had significant effect on DMY, BW,WW and weight at 180 days. The effect of lamb sex on WW, GBW was significant. Significant correlations coefficient were observed between DMY and total milk yield (TMY), months weight of lambs, GBW and GB180d being ranged from 0.46 to 0.99 and -0.44 to 0.99 respectively. The R2 values of prediction equations were high and ranged between 0.81 to 0.99 to predict TMY, and 0.97 to predict lamb weight at 180 days.

Differences in neonatal adverse outcomes among women with gestational diabetes mellitus managed by diet or medication: a propensity score matched analysis of a population-based sample

Objective Neonatal outcomes in women with and without medically managed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were compared after accounting for differences in maternal baseline characteristics using a propensity score (PS) analysis. Methods Women without preexisting diabetes, delivering singletons during 2010-2017 in a large hospital, were eligible for inclusion. Using nearest-neighbour PS matching, women with non-pharmacological managed GDM were matched with women whose GDM was medically managed. A conditional logistic regression consequently compared the neonatal adverse outcomes between the groups after adjusting for gestational age, induction of labor, birth type, and number of ultrasounds conducted during the pregnancy. Results Of the overall 10028 births, GDM was diagnosed in 930 (9.3%), of whom 710 (76.3%) were successfully matched. The conditional regressions found higher risk of neonatal adverse outcomes in neonates of women with non-pharmacological managed GDM compared to neonates of women with medically managed GDM. These included a higher risk of hypoglycemia (odds ratio (OR) 1.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03–2.38, p = 0.037), hypothermia (OR 2.29, 95%CI 1.05-5.00, p = 0.037), and birth injuries (OR 3.50, 95%CI 1.62–7.58, p = 0.001), and a higher risk of being small for gestational age (OR 2.06, 95%CI 1.01-4.18, p = 0.046) and being admitted to a special care unit (OR 2.04, 95%CI 1.29-3.21, p = 0.002). Conclusions The increased neonatal morbidity associated with non-medicated GDM identified in our study may indicate that diet and lifestyle changes alone are not sufficient to achieve glycaemic control in some women with GDM. Our findings indicate that gestational diabetes management approach is independently associated with neonatal outcomes.

Reproductive performance and kid growth in Hair goats raised under farmer conditions in Adana Province of Türkiye

This study was carried out to examine the growth and survival characteristics between birth and weaning (90th day) in kids born in 2020-2022, within the scope of the "National Sheep Breeding and Improvement Project under Farm Conditions" in the villages of the districts of Adana. A total of 15200 Hair goat kids’ data were used in the study. After birth, the kid’s birth weight, sex, and date of birth were recorded, and on the 90th day, weaning weights were determined. All kids sucked their mothers in the morning and evening and stayed in the pen rest of the day. From the age of about 2 weeks, the kids were fed with oak branches and straw pulp. The kids were fed with oak branches, cotton seed and wheat straw at around two weeks of age. The average birth weight of kids was 3.10 kg in males and 2.98 kg in females; The average weaning weights were found to be 16.05 kg for females and 17.50 kg for males. In terms of live weights at birth and weaning, differences across the birth year, sex, birth type, and maternal age groups were shown to be statistically significant (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The survivability of kids was 97.20%, significant by years (P &amp;lt; 0.05), but it was not significant in terms of sex, birth type and maternal age (P &amp;gt; 0.05). As a result, it has been determined that there is a significant variation among the herds in terms of the fertility of Hair goats and the developmental characteristics of kids, and it has been determined that developmental characteristics are affected by environmental factors.

The Impact of the Place of Delivery, Type of Birth and Number of Antenatal Visits on the Apgar Score

AbstractThe Apgar score is applied immediately after birth to clinically evaluate the newborn, at the first and fifth minutes of life. The Apgar score can help diagnose scenarios of neonatal anoxia or hypoxia. This is a retrospective, descriptive, and analytical study that used secondary data from DATASUS (Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System), from 1994 to 2018. The studied population includes all live births in Brazil during this period. The inclusion criteria were pregnant women over 15 years old, and the exclusion criteria were multiple pregnancies, pregnancies lasting less than 37 weeks, and newborns with congenital anomalies. These criteria were established to reduce potential confounding factors in the analysis that could lead to errors in interpretation of the results. The variables studied were place of delivery, type of delivery, and number of prenatal consultations. As results, having 7 or more prenatal consultations is a protective factor for alterations in the Apgar score, as well as cesarean delivery and hospital delivery. It was observed that pregnancy care, regarding the studied variables, influences the Apgar score. However, future studies in different populations are necessary to confirm these results. Keywords: Apgar Score. Infant, Newborn. Pregnancy. Parturition. Prenatal Care ResumoO índice de Apgar é aplicado imediatamente após o nascimento, para avaliação clínica do recém-nascido, no primeiro e quinto minutos de vida. O índice de apgar é capaz de ajuda a diagnosticar cenários de anóxia ou hipóxia neonatal. Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, descritivo e analítico, que utilizou dados secundários do DATASUS (Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde), de 1994 a 2018. A população estudada compreende todos os nascidos vivos no Brasil nesse período. Cujo critérios de inclusão foram: gestantes maiores de 15 anos e os critérios para a excluídas das gestantes, foram: gestações duplas, triplas e mais, gestações com menos de 37 semanas e recém-nascidos com anomalias congênitas, taís critérios foram estabelcidos afim de diminuir potenciais fatores de confusão a análise, que possam direcionar a discussão dos resultados ao erro de interpretação. As variáveis estudadas foram: local de parto, tipo de parto e número de consultas de pré-natal. Como resultados, possuir 7 ou mais consultas pré-natais, é um fator protetor para alterações no índice de Apgar, assim como parto cesáreo e parto hospitalar. Observou-se que os cuidados com a gravidez, no que diz respeito às variáveis estudadas, têm influência no escore de Apgar, entretanto futuros estudos em diferentes populações se torna necessário para confirmação desse resultado. Palavras chave: Indice de Apgar. Recém-Nascido. Gravidez. Parto. Cuidado Pré-Natal.

Comparison of the data mining and machine learning algorithms for predicting the final body weight for Romane sheep breed.

The current study aimed to predict final body weight (weight of fourth months of age to select the future reproducers) by using birth weight, birth type, sex, suckling weight, age at suckling weight, weaning weight, age at weaning weight, and age of final body weight for the Romane sheep breed. For this purpose, classification and regression tree (CART), multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), and support vector machine regression (SVR) algorithms were used for training (80%) and testing (20%) sets. Different data mining and machine learning algorithms were used to predict final body weight of 393 Romane sheep (238 female and 155 male animals) were used with different artificial intelligence algorithms. The best prediction model was obtained by CART model, both training and testing set. Constructed CART models indicated that sex, suckling weight, weaning weight, age of weaning weight, and age of final weight could be used as an indirect selection measure to get a superior sheep flock on the final body weight of Romane sheep. If genetically established, the Romane sheep whose sex is female, age of final weight is over 142 days, and weaning weight is over 28 kg could be chosen for affording genetic improvement in final body weight. In conclusion, the usage of CART procedure may be worthy of reflection for identifying breed standards and choosing superior sheep for meat yield in France.

Growth Rate Performance of Sonadi Sheep in Terms of Growth Efficiency

The present study was conducted to assess the effect of non-genetic factors on growth efficiency of Sonadi sheep of different age groups. In this study, data on 1396 Sonadi sheep maintained from 2012 to 2019 under the Mega Sheep Seed Project, College of Veterinary and Animal Science, Navania, Vallabhnagar, Rajasthan, were analysed to assess the effect of non-genetic factors (sex, type of birth, year of birth, and season of birth) on growth efficiency viz. 0-3, 3-6, 6-9 and 9-12 months age groups. The overall least-squares means along with standard error for GE1 (0-3M), GE2 (3-6M), GE3 (6-9M) and GE4 (9-12M) were 2.57±0.10, 0.496±0.03, 0.244±0.24 and 0.266±0.02 kg/kg, respectively. Year of birth had a highly significant (P≤0.01) effect on all growth traits. The effect of the season of birth on growth efficiency was also highly significant (P≤0.01) for GE1 and GE2 groups while significant (P≤0.05) for GE3 and GE4 groups. The sex of lamb showed a significant (P≤0.05) effect on GE1 and non-significant on the rest of the groups (GE2, GE3, GE4), whereas the effect of the type of lamb on growth efficiency was found to be non-significant on all groups.

Comparison of Nonlinear Growth Models to Estimate Growth Curves in Kivircik Sheep under a Semi-Intensive Production System.

The Kivircik is an indigenous sheep breed from Turkey, and it has superior meat quality compared to other indigenous breeds. Therefore, farmers prioritize Kivircik lamb fattening instead of milk production. Here, we aimed to determine the best nonlinear growth model, i.e., Gompertz, Logistic, Von Bertalanffy, and Brody, to describe the growth curve of Kivircik lambs. The body weight data from birth until 150 days of age belonging to 612 lambs were used as the material of this study. The best fitting model was selected by considering the adjusted coefficient of determination (R2adj), residual mean square, and Akaike's (AIC) and Bayesian information criteria (BIC). Even though the Brody model had a better statistical fit, considering its biological interpretation, the Gompertz model was identified as an appropriate model for describing Kivircik lamb growth. Male lambs, twin lambs, and lambs born in winter had higher mature live weights (44.2 kg, 71.2 kg, and 38.5 kg, respectively) and rate of weight gain (2.1, 2.6, and 2.0, respectively). However, our subgroups revealed a similar rate of maturity (0.01). Growth models are important tools for deciding the optimal slaughter age and they provide valuable information on the management practices of both sexes, birth types, and birth seasons. These results can be applied to breeding programs for early selection, enabling intervention strategies when needed.

Characterization of the growth, productivity and physical fiber properties of indigenous cashmere goats in southern Kyrgyzstan

Since 2008, a breeding flock of Kyrgyz indigenous goats has been developed by a Kyrgyz non-government organisation (NGO) in the mountainous region of Osh Province in southern Kyrgyzstan, to preserve, select and distribute improved cashmere goats to villagers to increase their income from selling fine white cashmere. The NGO has trained farmers in 31 villages on better goat management and cashmere harvesting, established and advises 22 villages in a community-based breeding program with the foundation of improved sires and females from the NGO’s nucleus flock. This report provides the initial characterisation of the phenotypic, genetic and socio-economic value of this cashmere landrace. Live weights for females were (mean±s.d., kg): 1-year old, 27.4 ± 3.0 (n = 54); adult 6-years and older, 37.8 ± 4.8 (n = 58); and for males: 1-year old, 28.8 ± 3.2 (n = 40); 3-year old, 55–60 (n = 3). Using measurements (means±s.d.) taken on one-year old goats born between 2017 and 2021, shows cashmere weight (CW) 123 ± 56 g (n = 240), mean fiber diameter (MFD) 14.9 ± 1.2 µm (n = 332) and cashmere length (CL) 30.1 ± 6.7 mm (n = 200). Applying a linear animal model including birth year, birth type and sex we calculated heritabilities and their sampling errors (s.e.) as 0.12 ± 0.12, 0.58 ± 0.16 and 0.50 ± 0.24 for CW, MFD and CL, respectively. Genetic correlations between CW and both MFD and CL resulted rather low (−0.22 ± 0.54 and 0.16 ± 0.57) and between MFD and CL rather high (0.48 ± 0.25). Similarly, phenotypic correlations between CW and both MFD and CL resulted low (0.12 ± 0.07 and 0.22 ± 0.09) and between MFD and CL high (0.49 ± 0.06). Cashmere weight has increased 2.6 g per year (P = 0.017) while cashmere MFD has not decreased significantly (P = 0.066). There has also been no significant increase in cashmere length (P > 0.3). Changes in the average selection index since 2019 indicated additional economic worth of 10% (P = 0.017). Various body dimensional characteristics were measured. Heart girth measurement accounted for 80% of the variance in live weight indicating girth would be a useful field measurement method in remote regions. Given the positive phenotypic correlation between cashmere production and MFD continuing objective measurement of cashmere production and MFD are essential for future improvements in economic benefits for farmers.

Effects of a new generation of fish protein hydrolysate on performance, intestinal microbiology, and immunity of broiler chickens.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of co-dried fish protein hydrolysate (CFPH) on broilers performance, intestinal microbiology, and cellular immune responses. Five hundred one-day-old (Ross 308) male broilers were allocated to four treatments with five replicates of 25 birds in a completely randomized design. The experimental treatments included four levels of CFPH (0% as the control, 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%) in the isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets. During the experiment, body weight (BW) and feed intake (FI) were periodically recorded in addition to calculating average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), liveability index, and European broiler index (EBI). In addition, cellular immune responses were evaluated at 30 days of age. On day 42, ileal contents were obtained to examine the microbial population. Based on the findings, Dietary supplementation of 5 and 7.5% CFPH increased the percentage of the thigh while decreasing the relative weight of the gizzard compared to the control group. The highest relative length of jejunum was observed in birds receiving 2.5 and 5% CFPH, and its highest relative weight belonged to birds fed with 5% CFPH. The number of coliforms, enterobacters, and total gram-negative bacteria in the intestines of birds receiving CFPH was less than that of the control group. In general, the application of CFPH in broiler nutrition can decrease the level of soybean meal in diet and it can be considered as a new protein supplement in poultry production. It is suggested to study the incorporation of this new supplement in other livestock's diets.

A study on the Determination of Some Reproductive Traits of Ewes and The Growth Performance of Lambs Akkaraman Raised under Farm Conditions in the Province of Niğde

In this study, the reproductive and growth performance of Akkaraman sheep between 2017-2021 were evaluated within the scope of the National Sheep and Goat Breeding Project in the Hand of the Public, which is being carried out in the province of Nigde. In the research, data obtained from 30923 animals in 22 farms in 7 villages in the central district of Nigde province were used. In the study, the effect of year, dam’s age, gender and birth type on birth weight (BW), live weight on day 60 (LW1), live weight on day 120 (LW2), daily live weight gain (DLWG) on day 120 were investigated. The effects of year, dam’s age, gender and birth type on BW, LW1, LW2, DLWG were found to be statistically significant. While the effects of year, dam’s age and gender were found to be statistically effective on SR, the effect of birth type was found to be insignificant. In the study, fertility, fecundity and litter size in Akkaraman lambs were determined as 0.92, 1.03 and 1.13, respectively. As a result, remarkable progress has been achieved in Akkaraman lambs in terms of performance characteristics (LW1, LW2 and DLWG) between 2017 and 2021.

Nutrient restriction during pregnancy and litter size affect the feeding behaviour, feed preference and welfare of the aged ewe’s offspring

The present work evaluates the effect of a nutrient maternal restriction induced by a lower forage allowance of natural grassland (LFA) and the type of birth [single (S) and twins (T)] and its interaction on the feed preference, the feeding behaviour, and welfare indicators of aged offspring ewes. A total of 28 Corriedale, seven years old, multiparous ewes in the anestrus period (spring) were used: 11 singles (S) and 4 twins (T) born to high forage allowance mothers (HFA: 10 – 12 DM/100 kg LW·day), and 9 S and 4 T born to LFA (5 – 8 DM/100 kg LW·day) from 23 days before conception to 122–123 days of gestation. The ewes were subjected to a feeding behaviour trial during 5 days after and adaption period of 14 days to eat alfalfa hay ad libitum and 300 g of rice bran. Eight days before the registration began animals were transferred to a roofed barn and located in individual pens with separated alfalfa and rice bran feeders, and a free-available water source. The feed preference was registered twice a day. Dry matter intake (DMI) was daily determined. Behaviour of each ewe was recorded every 10 min from 0800 to 1200 h, and from 1400 to 1800 h. The percentage of ewes that preferred to rice eat bran first was greater in LFA than HFA ewes (73% vs. 45%; P = 0.04). The alfalfa hay intake was greater in LFA than in HFA ewes (3078 vs. 2949 ± 0.61 g/day; P = 0.04) and in S than in T ewes (3126 vs. 2932 ± 61.0 g/day, P < 0.01). All ewes ate the total offered amount of rice bran (300 g/d each), thus DMI showed the same response that alfalfa intake previously described. The % of time eating alfalfa hay was greater for LFA than HFA (38.0 vs 29.2 ± 3.4; P < 0.01). These variables were not influenced by the interaction. The time spent eating and standing up, and time spent resting were affected by the interaction treatment × TB (P ≤ 0.05 in all cases) as T-LFA ewes spent more time eating (P = 0.02) and thus, standing up (P = 0.02), but less resting (P = 0.02) and with no apparent activity (P = 0.05) than T-HFA with no differences between LFA and HFA groups in the S ewes. In conclusion the maternal nutrient restriction affected the preference for feed, the ingestive behaviour and the welfare of aged female offspring.

Evaluation of the productive performance of Colombian hair sheep based on growth traits

Contextualization: Colombian hair sheep [CHS] are animals of great importance, because their genetic material has been adapting for more than 500 years to the environment; besides, these animals have a transcendental role in Colombia for their contribution to food security and family economy. However, a great part of the sheep production in the country presents low production parameters. Knowledge gap: ignorance of Colombian hair sheep (CHS) biotypes’ productivity has led to the undervaluation of the genetic resource found in these animals, accompanied by insufficient efforts to improve sheep production systems. Purpose of the study: determine the productive performance of three biotypes of Colombian hair sheep. Methodology: this study was conducted in these biotypes of hair sheep: Ethiopian [CHSE] (40 individuals), Sudan [CHSS] (60) and Creole crossed with Pelibuey [CHSP] (60). Five growth traits [birth weight, adjusted weaning weight at 90 days, adjusted final weight at the age of 1 year, and pre-weaning and post-weaning weight gain] were evaluated. Descriptive statistical and variance analysis were performed based on variables such as sex, farm, type of birth, parent, and season of birth. Also, a Duncan's multiple range test was performed. Results and conclusions: CHSE showed low productive parameters that were mostly affected by the variables sex and farm [p ≤ 0.05]. CHSs displayed a low to moderate productive performance and many traits were also affected by sex and farm [p ≤ 0.05]. Lastly, CHSP showed moderate to high productive parameters, which were mainly affected by parent, season, and type of birth [p ≤ 0.05]. The results determined the productive performance of the three sheep biotypes, among which CHSE showed low growth parameters, CHSS showed low to moderate parameters, and CHSP displayed moderate to high parameters. In all cases, the three biotypes were mostly affected by non-genetic variables.

50-OR: First-Trimester Dietary Phenolic Compounds and Lipids Are Associated with Hyperinsulinism at Birth in Type 1 Diabetes Pregnancy

Objective: Type 1 diabetes in pregnancy is associated with perinatal complications attributed to offspring hyperinsulinism. Conventional management prioritises glycaemia in mid/late pregnancy to reduce hyperinsulinism, but the timing and pathophysiology of hyperinsulinism remains unclear. We assessed if hyperinsulinism, quantified by cord C-peptide at birth, was associated with early pregnancy metabolism. Methods and Outcomes: 111 women in the Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) in Pregnant women with Type 1 diabetes Trial (CONCEPTT) had a livebirth with measurement of cord C-peptide. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of maternal serum (12, 24, 34 wks; n=101) and cord blood (n=93) measured 2105 metabolites. Statistical analysis: linear regression of Cord C-peptide and metabolites with adjustment for maternal age, BMI, parity, ethnicity, education, intervention and glycemia (and birth gestation for offspring metabolites). Significance limit was p=0.001. Results: In maternal blood at 12 weeks, positive associations were noted between nine metabolites and cord C-peptide, including lipids (monoglycerides, triglycerides and phospholipids), saccharin and three other dietary phenolic compounds. At 24 weeks, two dietary phenols and several lipids maintained positive associations. At 34 weeks, 124 species in maternal blood showed positive associations with cord C-peptide, including saccharin, free fatty acids, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, phospholipids. The profile was distinct from that of large-for-gestational age and neonatal hypoglycemia, despite the perceived pathophysiological overlap in these conditions. In cord blood, carnitines and betonicine were associated with C-peptide. Conclusions: Lipids, saccharin and other dietary phenols in early pregnancy warrant further investigation as potentially modifiable contributors to offspring hyperinsulinism in type 1 diabetes pregnancy. Disclosure C.L.Meek: Research Support; Dexcom, Inc. Z.A.Stewart: None. D.Feig: Advisory Panel; Novo Nordisk Canada Inc., Speaker's Bureau; Sanofi, Novo Nordisk Canada Inc. A.Koulman: None. H.R.Murphy: Advisory Panel; Medtronic, Research Support; Dexcom, Inc. Funding Diabetes UK; JDRF

Explaining the academic achievement gap of immigrant youth in Austria

Informed by a risk and resilience developmental perspective, this study tests individual, family and school level processes as potential explanations of the immigrant academic achievement gap. In total, 1155 adolescents (48% girls; 20% immigrants, 11–14 years) attending grades 5, 6, 7 and 8 in secondary schools participated. Controlling for gender, age, citizenship, country of birth, SES, and school type, immigrant adolescents had lower levels of academic achievement compared to non-immigrants. High levels of scholastic anxiety, low levels of scholastic self-concept, high levels of parental performance expectations, and high school performance expectations helped to explain these associations. In the full model, only scholastic anxiety and self-concept remained significant mediators. Recommendations are to implement positive and growth-oriented student-centred teaching styles to reduce the immigrant academic achievement gap.