Biosorption Of Zinc Research Articles

Biosorption of Lead, Cadmium, and Zinc onto Sunflower Shell: Equilibrium, Kinetic, and Thermodynamic Studies

The present study deals with the application of an a bundant low cost biosorbent sunflower shell for metal ions removal. Lead, Cadmium and Zinc were chosen as model sorbates. The influences of initial pH, sorbent dosage, contact time, temperature and initial metal ions concentration on the removal efficiency were examined. The single ion equilibrium sorption data were fitted to the non-competitive Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The Freundlich model represents the equilibrium data better than the Langmuir model. In single, binary and ternary component systems,Pb+2 ions was the most favorable component rather than Cd+2 and Zn+2 ions. The biosorption kinetics for the three metal ions followed the pseudo-second order kinetics indicating that the chemical sorption was the rate-limiting step. The thermodynamic parameters including free energy ( G0), enthalpy and entropy changes for Pb2+,Cd2+ and Zn2+ ions indicated that the sorption process was feasible,spontaneous,and endothermic in the temperature range 20-50 0 C .Desorption of the three metals ions from the biosorbent was effectively achieved in a 0.2 mol L-1 HCl solution.

Biosorption of lead(II), zinc(II) and nickel(II) from industrial wastewater by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Bacillus subtilis

Abstract The biosorption of Pb(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) from industrial wastewater using Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and Bacillus subtilis was investigated under various experimental conditions regarding pH, metal concentration and contact time. The optimum pH values for the biosorption of the three metals were in the range 5.0-6.0, while the optimal contact time for the two bacterial species was 30 min. Experimental data was analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms; the former had a better fit for the biosorption of Pb(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II). The maximum adsorption uptakes (qmax) of the three metals calculated from the Langmuir biosorption equation for S. maltophilia were 133.3, 47.8 and 54.3 for Pb(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II), respectively, and for B. subtilis were 166.7, 49.7 and 57.8 mg/g, respectively. B. subtilis biomass was more favorable for the biosorption of Pb (II) and Ni (II), while S. maltophilia was more useful for the biosorption of Zn (II).

Biosorption of zinc from aqueous solution by dried activated sludge biomass

The biosorption potential of Zn(II) from aqueous solutions using activated sludge biomass was investigated. Optimum biosorption conditions were determined with respect to pH, adsorbent dose, contact time and temperature. Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich (D–R) isotherm models were applied to the equilibrium data. The maximum Zn(II) sorption capacity of activated sludge was found to be 76.92 mg g−1 at pH 6, biomass concentration 2 g L−1, contact time 30 min and temperature 20°C. The calculated mean biosorption energy (9.82 kJmol−1) using D–R model indicated that the biosorption of Zn(II) on the biomass was induced by chemical ion exchange.

Zinc biosorption by the purple non-sulfur bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus.

This paper presents the first report providing information on the zinc (Zn) biosorption potentialities of the purple non-sulfur bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. The effects of various biological, physical, and chemical parameters on Zn biosorption were studied in both the wild-type strain B10 and a strain, RC220, lacking the endogenous plasmid. At an initial Zn concentration of 10 mg·L(-1), the Zn biosorption capacity at pH 7 for bacterial biomass grown in synthetic medium containing lactate as carbon source was 17 and 16 mg Zn·(g dry mass)(-1) for strains B10 and RC220, respectively. Equilibrium was achieved in a contact time of 30-120 min, depending on the initial Zn concentration. Zn sorption by live biomass was modelled, at equilibrium, according to the Redlich-Peterson and Langmuir isotherms, in the range of 1-600 mg Zn·L(-1). The wild-type strain showed a maximal Zn uptake capacity (Qm) of 164 ± 8 mg·(g dry mass)(-1) and an equilibrium constant (Kads) of 0.017 ± 0.00085 L·(mg Zn)(-1), compared with values of 73.9 mg·(g dry mass)(-1) and 0.361 L·mg(-1) for the strain lacking the endogenous plasmid. The Qm value observed for R. capsulatus B10 is one of the highest reported in the literature, suggesting that this strain may be useful for Zn bioremediation. The lower Qm value and higher equilibrium constant observed for strain RC220 suggest that the endogenous plasmid confers an enhanced biosorption capacity in this bacterium, although no genetic determinants for Zn resistance appear to be located on the plasmid, and possible explanations for this are discussed.

Lipid production combined with biosorption and bioaccumulation of cadmium, copper, manganese and zinc by oleaginous microalgae Chlorella minutissima UTEX2341

Algae lipid production combined with heavy metal removal is a cost-effective and environment-friendly method for algae biofuel production and hazardous waste treatment. Chlorella minutissima UTEX 2341 had strong resistance to cadmium, copper, manganese and zinc ions under heterotrophic culture condition and could efficiently remove them through intracellular accumulation and extracellular immobilization. Meanwhile, lipid accumulation was not inhibited by heavy metals. Instead, the algae lipid content significantly increased by 21.07% and 93.90%, respectively with the addition of cadmium and copper. Furthermore, the heavy metal residue in lipid was within μg range and satisfied the commercial standard. This artificial wastewater-algae biofuel-heavy-metal integrated utilization technology offered a new alternative solution to the problems of energy shortage and environmental pollution.

Efficacy evaluation and kinetic study of biosorption of nickel and zinc by bacteria isolated from stressed conditions in a bubble column

ObjectiveTo investigate the biosorption potential of isolated bacteria as an alternative biosorbent material for the removal of zinc and nickel from aqueous solution in a bubble column bioreactor. MethordsIn this study from four points of waste water treatment plant, some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria under heavy metal stress conditions were isolated by microbiological methods. Biosorption experiments were conducted in a bubble column containing waste water in high concentrations of nickel and zinc inoculated by isolated bacteria. A kinetic study was done to investigate the fitting of either pseudo first-order or second order equations. ResultsThe 96% removal of zinc and 54% removal of nickel were achieved by biosorption column experiment by the isolated bacteria. A comparison between a non-aerated and aerated column shows a higher removal percentage with the same contact time. The study of contact time in the experiments also confirmed that with more contact time, while the removal efficiency increases the capacity of microorganisms to absorb the metal ions decreases. Results of kinetic study showed pseudo-second-order equation with a coefficient of determination of 0.9648 and 0.9992 for zinc and nickel, and the pseudo-first-order equation with 0.2410 and 0.4794, respectively. ConclusionsIt was be concluded that biosorbtion method is a suitable alternative method to remove metal ions for further study in large scale.

Bioflocculant production and biosorption of zinc and lead by a novel bacterial species, Achromobacter sp. TERI-IASST N, isolated from oil refinery waste

A bioflocculant-producing bacterial isolate designated as ‘TERI-IASST N’ was isolated from activated sludge samples collected from an oil refinery. This isolate demonstrated maximum bioflocculation activity (74%) from glucose among 15 different bioflocculant-producing bacterial strains isolated from the sludge samples and identified as Achromobacter sp. based on 16S rRNA gene sequence. Optimization of pH and supplementation of urea as nitrogen source in the production medium enhanced the flocculation activity of strain TERI-IASST N to 84% (at pH 6). This strain revealed maximum flocculation activity (90%) from sucrose compared to the flocculation activity observed from other carbon sources as investigated (glucose, lactose, fructose, maltose and starch). Ca2+ served as the suitable divalent cation for maximum bioflocculation activity of TERI-IASST strain N. Maximum flocculation activity was observed at optimum C/N ratio of 1. Flocculation activity of this strain decreased to 75% in the presence of heavy metals; Zn, Pb, Ni, Cu and Cd. In addition strain N revealed considerable biosorption of Zn (430mgL−1) and Pb (30mgL−1). Bioflocculant yield of strain N was 10.5gL−1. Fourier transform infrared spectrum indicated the presence of carboxyl, hydroxyl, and amino groups, typical of glycoprotein. Spectroscopic analysis of bioflocculant by nuclear magnetic resonance revealed that it is a glycoprotein, consisting of 57% total sugar and 13% protein.

Removal of Zinc from Aqueous Solution by Metal Resistant Symbiotic Bacterium Mesorhizobium amorphae

Biosorption of zinc by living biomasses of metal resistant symbiotic bacterium Mesorhizobium amorphae CCNWGS0123 was investigated under optimal conditions at pH 5.0, initial metal concentrations of 100 mg L−1, and a dose of 1.0 g L−1. M. amorphae exhibited an efficient removal of Zn2+ from aqueous solution with maximum biosorption capacity of 120.85 mg g−1. Moreover, more than 70% Zn2+ could be recovered from Zn-loaded biomass at pH 1.0. Both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms provided a better fit to experimental data for Zn2+ sorption with correlation coefficients of 0.9885. Kinetics models suggested there was more than one step involved in the Zn2+ sorption process, while a pseudo-second-order model was more suitable to describe the kinetic behavior accurately, indicating a chemisorption process. Carbonyl, amino, carboxyl, and aromatic groups were responsible for the biosorption of Zn2+ by M. amorphae. Cellular deformation, precipitate, and damage were found after Zn2+ treatment. Competitive sorption revealed Cu2+, Cd2+, and Ni2+ were competed with Zn2+ for adsorption sites with the order: Cu2+ > Cd2+ >> Ni2+.

Biosorption of zinc ion: a deep comprehension

Massive industrialization and urbanization of civilization during the last few decades have made a thrust in heavy metal pollution in various water bodies. In past, various kinds of conventional metal ion remediation technologies, such as cementation, osmosis, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, etc., have been practised. However, most of these technologies are quite expensive, and lead to the generation of secondary chemical sludge. However, biosorption of heavy metal ions is significantly inexpensive and an eco-friendly technology. Among the series of heavy metals, zinc has gained the significant interest due to its toxicity and easy availability in water bodies. Biosorption of zinc in liquid phase by living, nonliving, conventional and non-conventional biosorbents has been practised extensively in the past. This literature review focuses on the recent trends practised in the field of biosorption of zinc from liquid phase. The present work provides deep insight into various aspects of biosorption of zinc by different mechanisms of biosorption, bioaccumulation, isotherm, kinetic and mechanistic modeling. An exhaustive comparison among different sorts of biomasses has also been given in the present work to enlist all the milestones of biosorption.

Biosorption of Zinc and Nickel and Its Effect on Growth of Different Spirulina Strains

AbstractBiosorption of two chosen heavy metals viz. zinc and nickel were tested with selected strains of Spirulina namely S. indica, S. maxima, and S. platensis under laboratory conditions. The selected cyanobacterial strains were cultured in Zarrouk medium treated with zinc and nickel ions at varying concentrations (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 mM). Biosorption ability of the selected cyanobacterial strains were evaluated in terms of doubling time, chlorophyll content (Chl A, Chl C) and protein content. Data depict that growth was significantly affected by the concentration of selected metals in the culture medium. At a concentration of 0.1 mM, growth of the strains exhibited poor growth due to heavy metal stress. Maximum growth was exhibited by S. maxima at 0.01 mM zinc (6.9 mg/L) and 0.01 mM nickel (17 mg/L). Results indicate that S. maxima can be used as a potential candidate for bioremediation of the major pollutants (zinc and nickel) in the tannery effluent.

Biosorption of copper, manganese, cadmium, and zinc by Pseudomonas putida isolated from contaminated sediments

AbstractBiosorption of Cu2+, Mn2+, Cd2+ , and Zn2+ by Pseudomonas putida growing on phenol as a sole carbon and energy source in a batch-stirred system was studied. The solution pH strongly affected the metal biosorption, and the optimum pH values for Cu2+, Mn2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+ were 5.0, 5.0, 6.0, and 6.0, respectively. The biosorption kinetics was found to be fast with equilibrium being attained within 120 min. According to the Langmuir isotherm model, the maximum biosorption capacities of Cu2+, Mn2+, Cd2+, and Zn2+ were 64.8, 25.6, 48.5, and 32.6 mg/g in single-solute system. In multi-metal systems, a clear decrease in biosorption capacity was observed due to strong competition between four metal ions in terms of occupancy binding sites. P. putida was able to survive metal concentrations as high as 300 mg/L for Cu2+, 150 mg/L for Mn2+, 100 mg/L for Cd2+, and 300 mg/L for Zn2+ and the intermixture consisting of Cu, Mn, Cd, and Zn at 50 mg/L each accompanied with the biodegradation of phenol. This study s...

Physico-chemical study for zinc removal and recovery onto native/chemically modified Aspergillus flavus NA9 from industrial effluent

Zinc biosorption characteristic of locally isolated Aspergillus flavus NA9 were examined as a function of pH, temperature, pulp density, contact time and initial metal ion concentration. The maximum zinc uptake was found to be 287.8 ± 11.1 mg g−1 with initial metal concentration 600 mg L−1 at initial pH 5.0 and temperature 30 °C. The equilibrium data gave good fits to Freundlich and Florry models with correlation coefficient value of 0.98. The contribution of the functional groups and lipids to zinc biosorption as identified by chemical pretreatment was in the order: carboxylic acids > hydroxyl > amines > lipids. The mechanism of biosorption was also studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The biosorbent was regenerated using 0.01 M HCl with 83.3% elution efficiency and was reused for five sorption–desorption cycles with 23.5% loss in biosorption capacity. The order of co-cations showing increased inhibitions of zinc uptake by A. flavus NA9 was Pb > Cu > Mn > Ni. The biosorption assays conducted with actual paint industry effluents revealed efficiency of 88.7% for Zn (II) removal by candidate biomass.

Adsorption of Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II) and Pb(II) by dead Avena fatua biomass and the effect of these metals on their growth

The biosorption of copper(II), zinc(II), cadmium(II) and lead(II) from aqueous solutions by dead Avena fatua biomass and the effect of these metals on the growth of this wild oat were investigated. Pseudo-first- and second-order and intra-particle diffusion models were applied to describe the kinetic data and to evaluate the rate constants. The adsorption kinetics of all the metals follows a pseudo-second-order model.The adsorption capacity was determined, and the Freundlich and Langmuir models were applied. The experimental data obtained for all the metals are best described by the Langmuir model. A. fatua was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and zeta potential. The results obtained evidence the presence of Zn(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) or Pb(II) on the surface of the weed.The growth of A. fatua was affected by the presence of all metals. The decrease in the growth rate with increasing metal concentration was more noticeable for zinc.

Zinc uptake by lactic Acid bacteria.

The study aims to investigate zinc biosorption by strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria with a view to exploit them as organic matrixes for zinc dietary supplementation. Sixteen human strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were assayed for zinc uptake. The minimum inhibitory concentration of zinc salts differed among the strains, but was never below 15 mmol L−1. When cultured in MRS broth containing 10 mmol L−1 ZnSO4, all the strains were capable of accumulating zinc in the range between 11 and 135 μmol g−1. The highest amount of cell-bound zinc was obtained in L. acidophilus WC 0203. pH-controlled batch cultures of this strain revealed that zinc uptake started in the growth phase, but occurred mostly during the stationary phase. Pasteurized and viable cultures accumulated similar amount of zinc, suggesting that a nonmetabolically mediated mechanism is involved in zinc uptake. These results provide new perspectives on the specific use of probiotics, since L. acidophilus WC 0203 could function as an organic matrix for zinc incorporation. The bioavailability of Lactobacillus-bound zinc deserves to be investigated to provide a future basis for optimization of zinc supplementation or fortification.

Biosorption of zinc from aqueous solution using chemically treated rice husk.

In this study, adsorption of zinc onto the adsorbent (untreated rice husk and NaOH-treated rice husk) was examined. During the removal process, batch technique was used, and the effects of pH and contact time were investigated. Langmuir isotherm was applied in order to determine the efficiency of NaOH-treated rice husk used as an adsorbent. The zinc adsorption was fast, and equilibrium was attained within 30 min. The maximum removal ratios of zinc for untreated rice husk and NaOH-treated rice husk after 1.5 h were 52.3% and 95.2%, respectively, with initial zinc concentration of 25 mg/L and optimum pH of 4.0. Data obtained from batch adsorption experiments fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model. Maximum adsorption capacity of zinc onto untreated rice husk and NaOH-treated rice husk was 12.41 mg/g, and 20.08 mg/g respectively, at adsorbent dosage of 1 g/L at 25°C. The nature of functional groups (i.e., amino, carboxyl, and hydroxyl) and metal ion interactions was examined by the FT-IR technique. It was concluded that the NaOH-treated rice husk had stronger adsorption capacity for Zn2+ compared with the untreated rice husk. The NaOH-treated rice husk is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly adsorbent for Zn2+ removal from aqueous solutions.

Environmentally friendly copolymeric beads of Chlorella vulgaris and poly(methacrylamide) grafted aliginic acid di‐block copolymers for biosorption of zinc ions

AbstractThe synthesis of biodegradable environmentally friendly copolymeric beads for water treatment biosorption processes is demonstrated. The synthesized poly(methacrylamide) grafted aliginic acid copolymers were characterized using 1H NMR, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, TGA and SEM. The di‐block copolymers showed a morphological change from two‐dimensional layer‐by‐layer structures to three‐dimensional well‐compacted wrinkles as grafting efficiency increased. The copolymeric beads were formed from the di‐block copolymer and algae crosslinked with 5% calcium ions (w/w). These copolymeric beads were then subjected to biosorption investigations for zinc ions as a model heavy metal ion at different pH values and stirring time periods. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the copolymeric beads were effective in zinc ion removal from aqueous solutions with maximum uptake exceeding 89.0 mg g–1 using higher grafting efficiency copolymeric beads at pH 5.5. Equilibrium pH studies revealed that zinc biosorption was pH dependent and maximum uptake was obtained at pH 5.5. Dynamics studies showed that the biosorption of zinc was rapid with equilibrium attained within 40 min and the data followed pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. The equilibrium biosorption of zinc ions on the copolymeric beads exhibited a Freundlich isotherm fit. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry

Biosorption of Copper, Zinc and Nickel From Multi-Ion Solutions

Abstract The biosorption of Cu(II), Zn(II) and Ni(II) by microscopic green algae Chlorella kessleri was investigated using batch experiments. Biosorption studies with single and multi ion solutions were carried out to study the effect of several ions on the biosorption of selected metal. The influence of zinc and nickel on copper biosorption, copper and nickel on zinc biosorption and zinc and copper on nickel biosorption were investigated. The Langmuir and Freundlich model were used to describe the adsorption equilibrium of studied metals on Chlorella kessleri biomass. Based on the experimental results it was found that the presence of copper increased the biosorption capacity of zinc from 48.6 mg/g to 96.8 mg/g and nickel from 29.3 mg/g to 62.7 mg/g, respectively. However, the presence of nickel decreased the biosorption capacity of zinc from 48.6 mg/g to 31.7 mg/g.

Biosorption of copper and zinc by immobilised and free algal biomass, and the effects of metal biosorption on the growth and cellular structure of Chlorella sp. and Chlamydomonas sp. isolated from rivers in Penang, Malaysia

In this study, the biosorption of copper and zinc ions by Chlorella sp. and Chlamydomonas sp. isolated from local environments in Malaysia was investigated in a batch system and by microscopic analyses. Under optimal biosorption conditions, the biosorption capacity of Chlorella sp. for copper and zinc ions was 33.4 and 28.5 mg/g, respectively, after 6 hr of biosorption in an immobilised system. Batch experiments showed that the biosorption capacity of algal biomass immobilised in the form of sodium alginate beads was higher than that of the free biomass. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses revealed that copper and zinc were mainly sorbed at the cell surface during biosorption. Exposure to 5 mg/L of copper and zinc affected both the chlorophyll content and cell count of the algal cells after the first 12 hr of contact time.

Study of physical chemistry on biosorption of zinc by using Chlorella pyrenoidosa

Discharge of heavy metals from metal processing industries is known to have adverse effects on the environment. Biosorption of heavy metals by metabolically inactive biomass of microbial organisms is an innovative and alternative technology for removal of these pollutants from aqueous solution. Presence of heavy metals in the aquatic system is posing serious problems. Zinc has been used in many industries and removal of Zn ions from waste water is significant. Biosorption is one of the economic methods used for removal of heavy metals. In the present study, the biomass obtained from the dried Chlorella pyrenoidosa was used for evaluating the biosorption characteristics of Zn ions in aqueous solutions. Batch adsorption experiments were performed with this material and it was found that the amount of metal ions adsorbed increased with the increase in the initial metal ion concentration. In this study effect of agitation time, initial metal ion concentration, temperature, pH and biomass dosage were studied. Maximum metal uptake (qmax) observed at pH 5 was 101.11 mg/g. The biosorption followed both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm model. The adsorption equilibrium was reached in about 1 h. The kinetic of biosorption followed the second-border rate. The biomass could be regenerated using 0.1 M HNO3. A positive value of ΔH° indicated the endothermic nature of the process. A negative value of the free energy (ΔG°) indicated the spontaneous nature of the adsorption process. A positive value of ΔS° showed increased randomness at solid-liquid interface during the adsorption of heavy metals, it also suggests some structural changes in the adsorbate and the adsorbent. FTIR Spectrums of Chlorella pyrenoidosa revealed the presence of hydroxyl, amino, carboxylic and carbonyl groups. The scanning electron micrograph clearly revealed the surface texture and morphology of the biosorbent.

Biosorption of zinc and copper from aqueous solutions by two freshwater green microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus obliquus

The objective of this study was to determine the removal of zinc and copper by two freshwater green microalgae Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Scenedesmus obliquus and to investigate changes of algal ultrastructure and photosynthetic pigment. Algal cells were exposed for 8days to different initial zinc or copper concentrations. Heavy metal concentrations were detected by an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Algal growth, ultrastructure, and photosynthetic pigment were analyzed by a microplate reader, transmission electron microscope, and spectrophotometer, respectively. Low zinc and copper concentrations induced increase in algal growth, whereas application of high zinc and copper concentrations suppressed the growth of both algae. High metal concentrations also decreased the photosynthetic pigments and destroyed algal cell ultrastructure. The zinc removal efficiency by both algae increased rapidly during the first day and thereafter remained nearly constant throughout the experiment. The copper removal efficiency by both algae increased slowly during the whole experimental periods. In all cultures, the quantity of both metals removed intracellularly was much lower than the adsorbed quantity on the cell surface. Both strains of the microalgae had proven effective in removing zinc and copper from aqueous solutions, with the highest removal efficiency being near 100%. In addition, C. pyrenoidosa appeared to be more efficient than S. obliquus for removing copper ions. On the contrary, S. obliquus appeared to be more efficient than C. pyrenoidosa for removing zinc ions.