Biosorption Efficiency Research Articles

Detoxification of toxic cations Pb(II) and Cd(II) from liquid phase by employing Pennisetum glaucum biowaste: a kinetic investigation

Biosorption potential of Pennisetum glaucum has elaborated by investigating its kinetic behavior in nonlinear fashion. RMSE values supported the pseudo second order (PSO) and elovich model, but correlation coefficient (R 2) values supported the PSO only. Study of intra-particle diffusion model (IPDM) and Boyd plots revealed the multi-linear diffusion pattern of the studied metal ions toward biosorbent. Initially, IPDM was found to be the rate-determining step, however boundary layer diffusion was found to be the slowest step later on. There was no correlation between calculated and experimental values of intercept, calculated by applying mass transfer model. Conclusive findings of Boyd plot supported the governing of biosorption process by film diffusion. Novelty Statement In this work, biosorption potential of Pennisetum glaucum has been investigating in terms of kinetic studies in nonlinear fashion. Biosorbent is obtained from indigenous sources and its processing is easy, which in turns leads to its cost-effectiveness for better removal of toxic materials from waste water streams. All related theoretical investigations were summarized for showing biosorption efficiency of this novel material.

Alkali modified Abies bornmulleriana cones as a costeffective biosorbent for enhanced removal of Pb (II) ions, and its comparison with normal biosorbent: Isotherm, kinetic, and thermodynamic parameters

AbstractThe purpose of this investigation is the increase the biosorption efficiency and capacity in the removal of Pb (II) ions using Abies bornmulleriana cones modified with NaOH. The biosorption capacity of Pb (II) ions decreased in the presence of Cu (II), Cd (II), Ni (II), and Co (II) ions. Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller surface area and pore volume of the NB and MB after the biosorption decreased by (4.37 m2 g−1 and 0.00154 cm3 g−1) and (0.41 m2 g−1 and 0.00014 cm3 g−1), respectively. The pseudo‐second‐order kinetic gave the best fit to the biosorption data (R2 0.97, 0.97). The biosorption data for the NB and MB fitted well to Dubinin–Radushkevitch (D–R) isotherm due to the high R2 values (0.97, 0.97), and the maximum biosorption capacities were determined as 24.42 and 43.67 mg g−1, respectively. The change of free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of the biosorption for the NB and MB were determined as [(−2.10 kJ mol−1, 14.72 kJ mol−1, and 0.057 kJ mol−1 K−1) and (−7.04 kJ mol−1, 121 kJ mol−1, and 0.438 kJ mol−1 K−1)], respectively. The NB and MB regeneration with 0.1 N HNO3 showed that the biosorption and desorption processes were reversible.

Biosorption of heavy fuel oil from aqueous solution by Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms in natura.

This work investigated the efficiency of bioremediation of heavy fuel oil (HFO) in aqueous solutions by living Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, also known as water hyacinth. Possibility of using post-biosorption macrophytes to produce briquettes was also studied. HFO was characterized by its density, viscosity, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Water hyacinth was characterized by scanning electron microscope, pH of zero point of charge, buoyancy, and wettability. Experiments were performed to evaluate effects of contact time and initial oil concentration on biosorption. E. crassipes presented a hydrophobic nature, ideal for the treatment of oily effluents. Hollow structures in macrophytes were also identified, which favor capillary rise and retention of oils of high density and viscosity. Biosorption efficiency of HFO reached 94.8% in tests with initial concentration of 160 mg.L-1. A calorific value of 4022 kcal.kg-1 was obtained in briquettes made of water hyacinth post-biosorption. These results reinforce the great potential of E. crassipes as a sustainable and efficient alternative for treatment of oily effluents.

Potential application of Allium Cepa seeds as a novel biosorbent for efficient biosorption of heavy metals ions from aqueous solution

Abatement of pollutants i.e. heavy metals by using green biomaterials is an emerging area of interest due to its cost-effective and renewability. In the present study, the potential of Alium Cepa seed biomass (ACSB) as a novel biosorbent for the adsorption of Cr(VI), Cd(II), Zn(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II) was investigated. The FTIR spectrum of ACSB confirmed a presence of surface OH bond, an essential functional group for metal uptake. Biosorption factors such as pH (2-10), time (15–190 min), dosage (1–5 g/L) and initial metal concentration (50–200 mg/L) were optimized at the ambient conditions. The equilibrium adsorption time was obtained at 90 min for Cd(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II), as well as 120 min for Cr(VI) and Zn(II), respectively, for the mentioned metal ions removal. The maximum removal efficiency was obtained at 4 g/L of ASCB for 50 mg/L adsorbate and a neutral pH. Under this condition, the maximum uptake was 0.67, 1.50, 1.68, 1.03 and 1.75 mg/L for Cr(VI), Cd(II), Zn(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II), respectively. Monolayer biosorption was determined for the studied heavy metals. The removal of the metal ions by ACSB followed a pseudo 2nd order sorption kinetics. The results suggested that ACSB is more suitable to remove (99%) Pb(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) as compared to Zn(II) and Cr(VI).

Comparison Of Heavy Metal Absorption Of Some Algae Isolated From Altınapa Dam Lake (Konya)

Today, due to the intense pollution in water resources, clean water shortage is experienced in most regions. In order to remove the pollution from waters, many studies are carried out using algae with high metal absorption capacity. In our study, benthic algae samples from different habitats (epipelic, epiphytic and epilitic) were taken from the Altınapa Dam Lake in Konya, in order to study the potentials of heavy metal removal. Some microalgae were isolated from the samples and heavy metal absorption capacities were examined among the pure cultures obtained. Biosorption properties were tried to be determined in samples taken at 5, 10, 20, 45, 60, 90 and 120 minutes by exposing Chlorochytrium paradoxum, Haematococcus lacustris and Scenedesmus circumfusus species to heavy metals of Cu and Mn. Scenedesmus circumfusus species reached the best absorption capacity for both Cu and Mn metals. According to this research, the algae we studied are of the opinion that they can be used to increase the efficiency and selectivity of heavy metal biosorption.

Membrane filtration of manganese (II) remediated-microalgae: Manganese (II) removal, extracellular organic matter, and membrane fouling

This study investigated the biosorption efficiency of Mn (II) by algae (Thalassiosira pseudonana) and membrane performance in a hybrid algae-membrane system. The presence of Mn (II) at 2–10 mM could influence (i.e., at lower algal inoculation ratio of OD = 0.1) or showed negligible effect (i.e., at higher inoculation ratio of OD = 0.17), on algal growth, cell morphology, pigment content, and extracellular organic matter production. The Mn (II) removal was mainly attributed to the algal uptake mechanisms; and higher removal efficiency (>66%) was achieved at higher algal inoculation ratio. Although increasing the Mn (II) concentration could reduce the algal uptake ratio of Mn (II), the membrane performance was improved. The optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis revealed that the specific volume of cake layer increased gradually over time, however, the irreversible fouling was predominant and associated the presence of building blocks in soluble organics.

Integrated treatment of submerged membrane and adsorption using dried Aphanothece sp for removing cadmium from synthetic wastewater

Water pollution from the discharge of wastewater containing toxic heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) to the natural water bodies is one of the biggest problem affecting humanity. Different technologies such as sorption, membrane filtration etc. have been used to remove heavy metal from the polluted water. In this work, the effects of operational parameters on the ability of the submerged membrane adsorption hybrid system (SMAHS) to remove Cd2+ from synthetic wastewater using dried Aphanothece sp A15 as a suspended biosorbent was evaluated. This biomass originates from a cyanobacterium was cultivated in a photobioreactor system enriched with 15 % of CO2. The operational parameters investigated were filtration flux, biomass dosage, frequency of replacing biosorbent, and initial metal concentration. Of the various parameters, the filtration flux and the initial concentration of Cd were the most influential parameters concerning biosorption efficiency in this study. More than 95 % removal of Cd was achieved with initial Cd concentration of 4.89 mg/L at a filtration flux of 20 L/m2.h. The highest biosorption capacity (112.89 mg/g) was obtained with a flux of 60 L/m2.h.The biosorbent became saturated after 20 h of operation without biosorbent replacement. This suggests that the dried biomass of Aphanothece sp A15 has the potential to be implemented in the industrial wastewater treatment plant using SMAHS processes integrated within the CO2 bio-sequestration unit. Therefore, cadmium removal from wastewater can be coupled with the reduction of CO2 emissions from flue gas.

Effect of pretreatment of Bacillus subtilis biomass on biosorption and its real time application

Abstract The research study investigated the biosorption behavior of Pb(II) ions by treated and untreated biomass of B. subtilis. At initial biosorption conditions, the biosorption efficiency was found to be 36.75%. At the optimized experimental conditions, control biomass showed maximum biosorption efficiency of 58.04% where the biomass was treated with different chemicals. The biomass treated with formaldehyde showed the highest efficiency of 80.9% which was further optimized and attained maximum efficiency of 89.8% for Pb(II) ions. SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and EDX (Energy dispersive X- ray) analysis evaluates the structural and elemental changes that occurred as a result of biosorption. Functional groups that are involved in biosorption were revealed by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy). Kinetic data showed the best fit with the pseudo second-order model. Effective removal of lead ions from industrial contaminated water sources by pretreatment biomass of B. subtilis elucidates its potential use as biosorbent for metal remediation..

Isolation, identification, biosorption optimization, characterization, isotherm, kinetic and application of novel bacterium Chelatococcus sp. biomass for removal of Pb (II) ions from aqueous solutions

The current research is the first to focus on the study of biosorption potential of a novel bacterium Chelatococcus sp. to biosorb metal ions from aqueous samples. An isolated bacterial strain Pb1S1 was characterized for biosorption efficiency for Pb (II) ions. Based on microscopic and phylogenetic analysis, the isolated strain was identified as belonging to the genus Chelatococcus. At optimized experimental conditions, the maximum biosorption efficiency for Pb (II) ion was 86.44% at metal concentration of 100 µg/mL, pH 6.5, biomass dose of 60 mg/L, temperature of 35 °C and incubation of 18 h at 60 rpm. Analysis of biomass by scanning electron microscope and energy-dispersive X-ray shows the morphological changes and alteration in elemental composition attained due to biosorption. Functional groups of biomass involved in biosorption were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental data were fitted well with Langmuir isotherm, while kinetic data showed the best fit with pseudo-first-order kinetic model. At optimized biosorption conditions, Chelatococcus biomass showed good capability for biosorption of Pb (II) from contaminated water sources. Hence, the study interprets that Chelatococcus biomass can be considered as robust, inexpensive and efficient novel biosorbent for the removal of metals.

Feasibility and comparative analysis of cadmium biosorption by living scenedesmus obliquus FACHB-12 biofilms

Microalgal biofilm has been recognized as a cost-effective biorsorbent for heavy metal and a promising method for microalgae-water separation. In this study, living suspended Scenedesmus obliquus FACHB-12 (isolated from southern China) and its biofilm with different carriers were investigated to remove cadmium from aqueous solution. S. obliquus FACHB-12 biofilm with luffa sponge carrier showed highest cadmium removal efficiency at 92.7% compared to biofilm with K3 carrier (75.3%) and significantly higher than suspended S. obliquus FACHB-12 (61.8%) in 2 h experiment with initial Cd2+ concentration at 3.0 mg/L at pH = 6.0 with 0.8 g/L of biomass under room temperature. S. obliquus FACHB-12 biofilm with K3 and luffa sponge carrier also demonstrated higher tolerance towards increased Cd2+ concentration with highest biosorption efficiency at 85.1% and 90.35% respectively under 20 mg/L of Cd2+, while suspended S. obliquus FACHB-12 biosorption efficiency achieved 81.4% under 10 mg/L of Cd2+ and started to decline over increased cadmium concentration. The adsorption kinetics for all experimental groups followed the pseudo-second-order adsorption model, with biosorption equilibrium favored in Langmuir isotherm. The maximum biosorption capacity estimated by Langmuir isotherm reached 133.14 mg/g biomass in S. obliquus FACHB-12 biofilm with luffa sponge carrier, followed by 78.76 mg/g with K3 carrier, and 60.03 mg/g with suspended S. obliquus FACHB-12. Results suggest an efficient, inexpensive microalgal biofilm with biological carrier system could enhance high cadmium removal for advanced wastewater treatment and provide a cost-effective method for microalgae harvesting process.

Copper Removal by Enterobacter cloacae strain IrSuk1, Enterobacter cloacae strain IrSuk4a, and Serratia nematodiphila strain IrSuk13 Isolated from Sukolilo River-Indonesia

Copper is one of the pollutants found in Sukolilo river due to industrial activities surrounding this area. The concentration of copper in this river has exceeded the threshold causing the death of organisms in the sea and various diseases. The presence of copper in the environment continually causes bacteria to develop copper removal mechanism by accumulation and biosorption so that copper removal occurs. Waste treatment by using indigenous bacteria is an effective and economical way to remove copper from the environment. This study aims to isolate and characterize bacteria from the Sukolilo River. Selected bacterial isolates were tested for copper accumulation and biosorption potential. The growth medium used was Luria Bertani with the addition of CuSO4. Bacterial identification was carried out based on the 16S rDNA gene. Bacterial resistance was tested by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) value. The ability of copper accumulation and biosorption is measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results of bacterial isolation from Sukolilo River have obtained three bacterial isolates with the MIC values of 9 mM CuSO4 and coded by strains IrSuk1, IrSuk4a, and IrSuk13. Each bacterial strain has high similarities with Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter cloacae strain subsp. dissolvens, and Serratia nematodiphila strain LMG 2683 respectively with a value of 96.68%, 98.31%, and 99.03%. Copper quantities accumulated by that three bacterial strain are of 0.96 mg, 0.85 mg,1.89 mg per gram dry weight of cells, respectively. The efficiency of copper biosorption by strains IrSuk1, IrSuk4a, and IrSuk13 was 68.78%, 68.34%, and 68.47%, respectively.

WITHDRAWN: Heavy metal removal competence of individual and bacterial consortium, evolved from metal contaminated soil

Heavy metals represent a significant worldwide environmental problem due to the toxicity towards livings. Therefore, the removals of toxic metals from the environmental samples have a challenging process in recent years. The present study investigated heavy metal removal from aqueous solution by a bacterial consortium and individual bacterium isolated from metal-polluted soil. In this study, the strains B. thuringiensis A1-3, P. aeruginosa A-33, B. cereus A1-5, and B. anthracis A1-7 were actively showed metal tolerance in screening and further used for biosorption study in lab-scale method. The maximum biosorption efficiency was noted at Cu 92.7% and Zn 90.3% by bacterial consortium. The low level of biosorption of Pb was observed 86% by consortium compared with individual bacteria. P. aeruginosa A33 achieved the maximum Pb biosorption. In conclusion, the bacterial consortium has a promising alternative for removing Cu and Pb. The P. aeruginosa A33 exhibited as potent bacteria for removing Zn in an aqueous solution. Antibiotic resistance and Multiple Antibiotic Resistance Index (MAR) of metal resistant bacteria were also investigated. Overall it was observed that, a bacterial consortium with the combination of four bacterial strains is feasible for multi-metal removal from the metal contaminated environment.

Preparation and Characterization of a New Polymeric Multi-Layered Material Based K-Carrageenan and Alginate for Efficient Bio-Sorption of Methylene Blue Dye.

The current study highlights a novel bio-sorbent design based on polyelectrolyte multi-layers (PEM) biopolymeric material. First layer was composed of sodium alginate and the second was constituted of citric acid and k-carrageenan. The PEM system was crosslinked to non-woven cellulosic textile material. Resulting materials were characterized using FT-IR, SEM, and thermal analysis (TGA and DTA). FT-IR analysis confirmed chemical interconnection of PEM bio-sorbent system. SEM features indicated that the microspaces between fibers were filled with layers of functionalizing polymers. PEM exhibited higher surface roughness compared to virgin sample. This modification of the surface morphology confirmed the stability and the effectiveness of the grafting method. Virgin cellulosic sample decomposed at 370 °C. However, PEM samples decomposed at 250 °C and 370 °C, which were attributed to the thermal decomposition of crosslinked sodium alginate and k-carrageenan and cellulose, respectively. The bio-sorbent performances were evaluated under different experimental conditions including pH, time, temperature, and initial dye concentration. The maximum adsorbed amounts of methylene blue are 124.4 mg/g and 522.4 mg/g for the untreated and grafted materials, respectively. The improvement in dye sorption evidenced the grafting of carboxylate and sulfonate groups onto cellulose surface. Adsorption process complied well with pseudo-first-order and Langmuir equations.

Modelling and efficiency evaluation of the continuous biosorption of Cu(II) and Cr(VI) from water by agricultural waste materials

As a result of intensive anthropogenic activities, population growth and unplanned urbanization, enormous quantities of organic and inorganic pollutants are discharged into the environment every year. The primary hazardous substances of concern regarding their environmental load and health effects are heavy metals. Heavy metal pollution of aquatic ecosystems, including resources of drinking water and water intended for food processing, has been of increasing interest. Biosorption technology is a promising strategy, as it utilizes industrial or agricultural wastes to remove metals from aqueous media passively, and they represent efficient, cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional adsorbents such as activated carbon. In this paper, the efficiency of biosorption of copper and chromium ions was examined using different agricultural waste biomass – sugar beet shreds, poplar sawdust and wheat straw. The possibility of applying a parallel sigmoidal (PS) model to describe the biosorption process was investigated to confirm its applicability to different types of biomass and various kinds of heavy metal ions. The results showed that the biosorption of copper ions using poplar sawdust and wheat straw consist of two steps. The moiety of one step in the overall process, defined by the parameter p, was determined to be 0.85 for poplar sawdust and 0.86 for wheat straw. These values, being less than 1, clearly indicate that the process consists of two simultaneous, kinetically different steps that shift in their dominance over the process and thus could be successfully modelled by the PS model. These studies also deal with the phenomenological examination of an unusual breakthrough curve obtained for the chromium ions biosorption by sugar beet shreds, by the comparative view of the process flow and changing the pH of the effluent. The clarification of the appearance of a double curve with a negative trend in one part allows adjusting the biosorption conditions to avoid the initial blockage of chromium ion binding to the adsorbent and thus increase the adsorption process efficiency.

Evaluation of interaction among indigenous rhizobacteria and Vigna unguiculata on remediation of metal-containing abandoned magnesite mine tailing.

Abandoned magnesite mine heap causing pollution to nearby farmland and water reservoir. Thus the intention of this research was to screening metal mobilizing and absorbing bacteria from the rhizosphere section of V. unguiculata from farmland nearby to magnesite mine. Further, studied their stimulus effect on growth, biomass, and phytoextraction prospective of V unguiculata in mine tailing. The results of the physicochemical properties of mine tailing shows that four metals (Pb, Mn, Cd, and Zn) were crossing the permissible limit. Out of 27 isolates, 2 isolates (MMS15 and MMS17) were identified with maximum metal tolerance for up to 700mgL-1 (MIC) and metal mobilization (Pb 5.5 and 5.87, Mn 6.6 and 4.88, Cd 1.99 and 2.59, and Zn 6.55 and 6.94mgkg-1) and biosorption efficiency as Pb 3.74 and 3.74, Mn 4.9 and 4.7, Cd 2.41 and 3.96, and Zn 4.3 and 4.9mgg-1. These two strains were identified as members of B. cereus and Kosakonia sp. using 16S rRNA technique and labelled strains NDRMN001 and MGR1, respectively. The Kosakonia sp. MGR1 effectively fixes the nitrogen in the rate of 81.94% and B. cereus NDRMN001 solubilizes 69.98 ± 2.31mgL-1 of soluble phosphate. The experimental group's study results show that the group C (Kosakonia sp. MGR1 and B. cereus NDRMN001) has effectively stimulate the growth, biomass, and phytoextraction potential of V. unguiculata. The results conclude that the optimistic interaction between these two bacteria could be more significant to minimize the metal pollution in magnesite mine tailing.

Pb (II) biosorption from the aqueous solutions by raw and modified tea factory waste (TFW)

The study is aimed to determine Pb (II) biosorption from synthetic wastewaters using natural and modified tea factory waste as biosorbent material. This process is carried out with this waste matter, which is found in large quantities, so cheap and has high metal adsorption ability. The sorption kinetic studies were determined as variations of initial pH value, particle size, initial Pb (II) and tea factory waste concentrations, stirring speed and temperature. Biosorption reached the equilibrium in 15 min. Zeta potential values of the biosorbent were defined in the range of pH 2 to 4. The adsorption isotherm models give the experimental values, and the thermodynamic characteristics of the patterns generally give insight about the sorption mechanism depending on the surface characteristics and affinity of the biosorbent. The biosorption mechanism was searched considering to Freundlich, Langmuir, BET and Temkin isotherm model, and the experimental adsorption values were conformed to Freundlich adsorption model. The optimum experimental conditions were investigated as pH 3.5, particle size of 0.125–0.25 mm, stirring speed of 200 rpm, biosorbent concentration of 7 g L−1 and 25 °C. In these conditions, the highest efficiency of biosorption was obtained as 94.07% and after the activating process the efficiency was reached to 97.73% at 70 mg L−1. The maximum Pb (II) removal capacity of raw tea factory waste was found to be 22.111 mg g−1 at 200 mg L−1. The biosorption kinetics has complied with the pseudo-second-order model. Thermodynamic studies stated that this biosorption phenomenon was an endothermic process.

A prudent approach for the removal of copper (II) and cadmium (II) ions from aqueous solutions using indigenous Mactra aequisulcata shells

In this study, the raw seashells of Mactra aequisulcata, of the class Bivalvia and the phylum Mollusca were employed as an adsorbent to remove copper (II) and cadmium (II) metal ions from aqueous solution. The characterization of shells was performed using FTIR, EDX and SEM, BET isotherm and point of zero charge (pHpzc). Batch experiments were performed to assess various factors on the biosorption efficiency. Maximum adsorption of both metals ions conveniently found at 0.4 g L-1 adsorbent dose, pH 5 and at 303 K. Maximum biosorption capacities for Cu2+ and Cd2+ were 59.57 and 38.12 mg g-1, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm model was found to be the best fit for the acquired equilibrium data. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters showed that the process was feasible, exothermic and followed pseudo-first order.

Probiotic biosorption as a way to remove heavy metal in seawater

Industrial and feedlot water waste that contain large amounts of heavy metals can be harmful for Taiwan’s aquaculture. This problem can be solved in an environmentally-friendly way by biosorption, which is using biological materials to absorb heavy metals. In this research, we aimed to reduce the food safety issues introduced by heavy metal contamination through the use of probiotics in food-producing aquafarms. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) and Bifidobacterium longum (BL) were added into seawater to determine if they have an ability to uptake heavy metal ions in a natural environment. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to detect the ion concentrations of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) before and after biosorption. Both living and dead LGG showed a great biosorption capacity towards Hg and Cd, indicating that probiotics of LGG are a potential resource for efficient biosorption. Dead BL also showed a great biosorption capacity towards Cd and Hg, but much lower than living and dead LGG. Thus, the results of our experiment support the idea of using probiotics to solve heavy metal pollution issues in aquafarms in Taiwan.

Co-modification of lignocellulosic biomass by maleic anhydride and ferric hydroxide for the highly efficient biosorption of methylene blue

Ferric hydroxide and microwave-assisted solvent-free esterification was applied in the modification of SBP to synthesize an efficient cationic dye adsorbent.

Mycoremediation: A Step towards Sustainability

Mycoremediation is a new wave of cutting-edge technology in this era that incorporates fungi in nursing environment damaged by toxins. Instigating fungi to such contaminated places leads the way for the natural cleaning process. Waste treatment plants running on incinerators, exercising physical and chemical methods, are injurious to the health of organisms and the environment. They lead to life-threatening diseases and negative soil pollution. Eco-friendly and secure techniques are to be employed for their management. Microfungi, as well as macrofungi, help in this procedure. They degrade environmental wastes as heavy metals, aromatic hydrocarbons, polychlorinated compounds, organic compounds by their extracellular enzymes without harming any natural component of soil. Demand and the need for reaching net-zero emission remain farsighted deed in the current scenario of rapid industrialization. Therefore, merging of the fungi with new techniques can speed up other processes of sustainable recovery of hazardous pollutants that may help in fighting against deleterious pollution levels. Their enzymes assert a great role and help in xenobiotic degradation rendering land and water clean and safe. Nevertheless, they do not have any special growth demand. White rot fungi and many mushrooms can grow on a wide range of substrates. The most common being sawdust, agricultural waste, and straw. Their biosorption efficiency helps to reclaim contaminated land. Ligninolytic enzymes uphold the mycoremediation process. In this review, we have encapsulated the mycoremediation of toxic substances by various genera and species of fungi along with the mechanisms involved. The aim is to precisely draw attention to the magnificently inherited traits of fungi that make them apt for the remediation process.