Biometric Recognition System Research Articles

Optimization of Three-dimensional Face Recognition Algorithms in Financial Identity Authentication

Identity authentication is one of the most basic components in the computer network world. It is the key technology of information security. It plays an important role in the protection of system and data security. Biometric recognition technology provides a reliable and convenient way for identity authentication. Compared with other biometric recognition technologies, face recognition has become a hot research topic because of its convenience, friendliness and easy acceptance. With the maturity and progress of face recognition technology, its commercial application has become more and more widespread. Internet finance, e-commerce and other asset-related areas have begun to try to use face recognition technology as a means of authentication, so people’s security needs for face recognition systems are also increasing. However, as a biometric recognition system, face recognition system still has inherent security vulnerabilities and faces security threats such as template attack and counterfeit attack. In view of this, this paper studies the application of threedimensional face recognition algorithm in the field of financial identity authentication. On the basis of feature extraction of face information using neural network algorithm, K-L transform is applied to image high-dimensional vector mapping to make face recognition clearer. Thus, the image loss can be reduced.

A human vision based system for biometric images recognition

<p><span>In this paper, a universal biometric system based on human vision is proposed. From recent biological and physiological results, A human identification system that approximates the natural vision and recognition of individuals is conceived. Liquid state machine (LSM), as a recurrent spiking neural network, is highly inspired by the brain neural architecture with low training cost. However, input dimension of large scale images requires efficient processing at the cost of performance or resource overhead. This paper propose a new neural input coding for images based on frequency signals rather than pixels. Each image is filtered and fragmented then the LSM liquid (or reservoir) will receive, first, high frequency signals, then low frequency signals from each fragment. The two sets of output neurons states corresponding to each type of filter will be matched to the entire enrollment database. A weighted sum rule between the matching results will determine the right class of a biometric image. The system was tested on three different biometric datasets: face, palmprint and off-line signature, results show the reliability of the proposed approach.</span></p>

Towards more accurate iris recognition system by using hybrid approach for feature extraction along with classifier

<span lang="EN-US">Iris recognition become one of the most accurate and reliable steadfast human biometric recognition system of the decad. This paper presents an accurate framework for iris recognition system using hybrid algorithm in preprocess and feature extraction section. The proposed model for iris recognition with significant feature extraction was divided into three main levels. First level is having pre-processing steps which are necessary for the desired tasks. Our model deploys on three types of datasets such as UBIRIS, CASIA, and MMU and gets optimal results for performing activity. At last, perform matching process with decision based classifier for iris recognition with acceptance or rejection rates. Experimental based results provide for analysis according to the false receipt rate and false refusal amount. In the third level, the error rate will be checked along with some statistical measures for final optimal results. Constructed on the outcome the planned method provided the most efficient effect as compared to the rest of the approach.</span>

Deep learning-driven palmprint and finger knuckle pattern-based multimodal Person recognition system

Biometric recognition systems are widely being used in several applications due to its distinctiveness and reliability. In recent years, hand-based person recognition has received much momentum due to its stability, feature richness, reliability and higher user acceptability. In this paper, we propose a multimodal hand biometric system based on Finger Knuckle Print (FKP) and Palmprint. In particular, the PCANet deep learning method is employed to extract distinctive features from each modality. Then, multiclass SVM is utilized to compute a matching score for each individual modality. Finally, score level fusion is performed to combine the matching scores via different rules such as, min, sum, max and multiplication. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated on the publicly available database known as PolyU. First, we conducted several experiments on single FKP and Palmprint traits. Next, score level fusion based multimodal experiments were performed. The proposed framework was able to achieve 0.00% of EER (equal error rates) and 100% of rank-1 performance. In addition, the proposed system based on PCANet with score level fusion of FKP and Palmprint outperformed existing multimodal methods.

Cancelable electrocardiogram biometric system based on chaotic encryption using three‐dimensional logistic map for biometric‐based cloud services

AbstractBiometric features are extensively employed for security purposes, but they are vulnerable to threats and can be lost or compromised. Electrocardiogram (ECG) has been utilized as one of the most favorable biometrics. However, it contains confidential patient health information and personal identification details. Moreover, security flaws take place in hacking scenarios. Therefore, original biometrics must be secured by preventing them from being used in biometric databases. The enhanced security trend in biometric authentication is cancelable biometrics. Cancelable biometric systems can be built by generating regularly repeated distortions of biometric features to secure the sensitive data of the users. When cancelable features are disclosed, distortion parameters are modified, and new cancelable templates are generated. This paper presents a proposed cancelable ECG recognition system based on the 3D chaotic logistic map encryption, which has highly efficient random characteristics with confusion and diffusion properties. Normal and abnormal ECG signals have been used to test the proposed cancelable biometric recognition system, and good access results have been obtained. The results of the simulation indicate that the proposed system is secure, reliable, and practicable even with ECG signals for patients.

Biometric iris templates security based on secret image sharing and chaotic maps

Biometric technique includes of uniquely identifying person based on their physical or behavioural characteristics. It is mainly used for authentication. Storing the template in the database is not a safe approach, because it can be stolen or be tampered with. Due to its importance the template needs to be protected. To treat this safety issue, the suggested system employed a method for securely storing the iris template in the database which is a merging approach for secret image sharing and hiding to enhance security and protect the privacy by decomposing the template into two independent host (public) iris images. The original template can be reconstructed only when both host images are available. Either host image does not expose the identity of the original biometric image. The security and privacy in biometrics-based authentication system is augmented by storing the data in the form of shadows at separated places instead of whole data at one. The proposed biometric recognition system includes iris segmentation algorithms, feature extraction algorithms, a (2, 2) secret sharing and hiding. The experimental results are conducted on standard colour UBIRIS v1 data set. The results indicate that the biometric template protection methods are capable of offering a solution for vulnerability that threatens the biometric template.

Review: Metode-Metode Ekstraksi Ciri dan Klasifikasi Identifikasi Pembicara

Identifying a person's identity still often uses an ID card (KTP, SIM, passport, etc.). This method has a weakness because the ID Card is easily damaged and lost. Biometric recognition systems provide a solution by using human body parts as identity recognition. Sounds are readily available biometric information. Voice pattern recognition is used for the speaker identification process to obtain the identity of someone speaking. This paper reviews several feature extraction and classification methods that are often used in speaker identification. The selection of feature extraction methods and classification functions in computation and the level of accuracy of the speaker identification system. Based on the survey dataset applied with the feature extraction method, the Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) method has high accuracy even with noise input. Then in classification, the Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) method is most often used because it can work in noise. Recently, a hybrid classifier has been developed, which increases the accuracy value.

Biometric Recognition of Finger Knuckle Print Based on the Fusion of Global Features and Local Features.

Compared with the most traditional fingerprint identification, knuckle print and hand shape are more stable, not easy to abrase, forge, and pilfer; in aspect of image acquisition, the requirement of acquisition equipment and environment are not high; and the noncontact acquisition method also greatly improves the users' satisfaction; therefore, finger knuckle print and hand shape of single-mode identification system have attracted extensive attention both at home and abroad. A large number of studies show that multibiometric fusion can greatly improve the recognition rate, antiattack, and robustness of the biometric recognition system. A method combining global features and local features was designed for the recognition of finger knuckle print images. On the one hand, principal component analysis (PCA) was used as the global feature for rapid recognition. On the other hand, the local binary pattern (LBP) operator was taken as the local feature in order to extract the texture features that can reflect details. A two-layer serial fusion strategy is proposed in the combination of global and local features. Firstly, the sample library scope was narrowed according to the global matching result. Secondly, the matching result was further determined by fine matching. By combining the fast speed of global coarse matching and the high accuracy of local refined matching, the designed method can improve the recognition rate and the recognition speed.

Vein Biometric Recognition Methods and Systems: A Review

Vein Biometric Recognition Methods and Systems: A Review

M2FRED: Mobile Masked Face REcognition Through Periocular Dynamics Analysis

Recent regulations to block the widespread transmission of COVID-19 disease among people impose the use of facial masks indoor and outdoor. Such restriction becomes critical in all those scenarios where access controls take benefit from biometric recognition systems. The occlusions due to the presence of a facial mask make a significant portion of human faces unavailable for feature extraction and analysis. This work explores the contribution of the solely periocular region of the face to achieve a robust recognition approach suitable for mobile devices. Rather than working on a static analysis of the facial features, like largely done by work on periocular recognition in the literature, the proposed study focuses the attention on the analysis of face dynamics so that the spatio-temporal features make the recogniser frame-independent and tolerant to user movements during the acquisition. To obtain a lightweight processing, which is compliant with limited computing power of mobile devices, the spatio-temporal representation of the periocular region has analysed and classified through Machine Learning approaches. The experimental discussion has been performed on a new dataset, Mobile Masked Face REcognition Database, specifically designed to analyse the periocular region dynamics in presence of facial masks. For a wider comparative analysis, a publicly available dataset called XM2VTS has been considered as well as Deep Learning solutions have been experimented to discuss the challenging aspects of the recognition problem. Moreover, a summary of the state-of-the-art on periocular recognition driven by COVID pandemic has been presented, showing how the research efforts in this field focused on recognition of still images. Experimental results show promising levels of performance as well as limitations of the proposed approach, creating the premises for future directions.

Progression in Biometric Recognition Systems and its Security

: The security of information is the major problem faced in today’s digital environment. Biometric Systems helps in achieving high–end security at precise performance requirements for various applications. This paper surveys the present multimodal and unimodal biometric based authentication systems which are in use, and their future possibilities. The authentication techniques that can identify the individual using unique features of the human such as face, fingerprint, DNA, speech and iris are discussed. Different recognition systems for new biometric traits such as voice, gait, and lip moment are also focused. This paper also focuses on information security of biometric systems and their performance requirements.

Curvature Best Basis: A Novel Criterion to Dynamically Select a Single Best Basis as the Extracted Feature for Periocular Recognition

Aiming at the problems in the best basis selection, this paper presents a novel criterion based on the statistical measurement of the curvature wavelet coefficient to dynamically select the single best basis of the quad-tree wavelet packet transformation. The selected single best basis works as an extracted feature for biometric periocular recognition system. The proposed method first extracts the mean curvature of wavelet coefficients inside the quad-tree wavelet packet transform. Second, the method finds the most distinctive features based on the largest standard deviation and dynamically selects the extracted curvature wavelet coefficients as the single best basis. Third, the selected single curvature best basis works as an extracted feature, and then it is combined with the histogram of oriented gradients method. Finally, the support vector machine is employed to perform classification. Two datasets of two-dimensional periocular digital images are tested against the proposed method. To show the extended ability, we analyze the curvature best basis method against wavelet functions and characteristics and test the proposed method against the plain face and masked face recognition. The proposed method achieves the highest performance results inside periocular recognition (97.53% accuracy for UBIPr-1 and 97.77% accuracy for EYB-P1), masked face recognition (98.11% accuracy), and plain face recognition (98.26% accuracy). The proposed method is robust against glasses occlusion, artificial geometry transformations, Gaussian and salt pepper noise. Comparison with other works in a similar recognition system shows that our proposed curvature best basis method yields the highest performance results.

Unconstrained Hand Dorsal Veins Image Database and Recognition System

Hand veins can be used effectively in biometric recognition since they are internal organs that, in contrast to fingerprints, are robust under external environment effects such as dirt and paper cuts. Moreover, they form a complex rich shape that is unique, even in identical twins, and allows a high degree of freedom. However, most currently employed hand-based biometric systems rely on hand-touch devices to capture images with the desired quality. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, most hand-based biometric systems have become undesirable due to their possible impact on the spread of the pandemic. Consequently, new contactless hand-based biometric recognition systems and databases are desired to keep up with the rising hygiene awareness. One contribution of this research is the creation of a database for hand dorsal veins images obtained contact-free with a variation in capturing distance and rotation angle. This database consists of 1548 images collected from 86 participants whose ages ranged from 19 to 84 years. For the other research contribution, a novel geometrical feature extraction method has been developed based on the Curvelet Transform. This method is useful for extracting robust rotation invariance features from vein images. The database attributes and the veins recognition results are analyzed to demonstrate their efficacy.

Multimodal Biometric Recognition System Based on Residual Neural Network-101

Multimodal Biometric Recognition System Based on Residual Neural Network-101

Discriminación 4.0: una aproximación a los problemas que suscitan la biometría y los sistemas de reconocimiento facial

Biometric facial recognition systems are part of the new technologies that affect our fundamental rights. In this paper, we analyze the right to equality in the face of the discrimination that biometrics and facial recognition systems can produce. To understand what we are talking about when we refer to biometrics, we will first examine the concepts of algorithm and artificial intelligence (AI) as two areas linked to the operation of biometric systems. This first step is relevant to understand how biometrics discriminates through AI and partial algorithms. Then, we review the Argentine regulatory framework on personal data protection and discriminatory acts, in order to determine whether the current legislation is sufficient to address the risks of discrimination 4.0 and safeguard our rights in the digital era.

A multimodal architecture using Adapt‐HKFCT segmentation and feature‐based chaos integrated deep neural networks (Chaos‐DNN‐SPOA) for contactless biometricpalm vein recognition system

In the recent past, the fusion of various unimodal biometrics has gained increasing attention from researchers dedicated to the use of practical biometrics. In this paper, a Chaos Integrated Deep Neural Networks (Chaos-DNN) using Sandpiper Optimization Algorithm (SPOA) is proposed to enhance the performance of the multimodal contactless biometric pattern recognition system. The most significant advantage of palm vein and palm dorsal vein recognition is that it provides relatively high accuracy, reliability and also liveness detection. In this recognition process, the palm and its dorsal vein images are segmented using multilevel segmentation of region of interest (ROI) depending on Adaptive Hyper Kernel Optimized Fuzzy Clustering Technique (Adapt-HKFCT), and then ROI extracted based on the valley points among the index and ring finger using the Knuckle points. Then, the features of the ROI amid the index and ring finger are extracted using centre-symmetric local binary pattern algorithm and fed to the Chaos-DNN for training and classification. The efficiency of the features is optimized using SPOA. The extracted feature points help in authenticating a person using his/her chosen biometric traits for security purposes. The objective of this system is to increase the efficiency of the biometric system, and the performance is calculated depending on equal error rate, correct recognition rate, decidability index, false acceptance rate and false rejection rate. The proposed algorithm has been implemented in MATLAB platform. The experimental outcomes demonstrate that the proposed palm vein recognition depending Adapt-HKFCT with Chaos-DNN using SPOA method (PVR-AHKFCT-CDNN-SPOA) attains higher performance metrics with an accuracy of 98.3% and is also more efficient likened to the other existing methods, such as K Nearest Neighbour with Particle Swarm Optimization (PVR-KNN-PSO), Fuzzy Brain Storm Optimization based on Adaptive Thresholding (PVR-FBSO-AT), multiscale local binary pattern with ant colony optimization (PVR-MSLBP-ACO) and Deep Learning with Bayesian Optimization (PVR-DL-BO).

Person Verification Based on Multimodal Biometric Recognition

Nowadays, person recognition has received significant attention due to broad applications in the security system. However, most person recognition systems are implemented based on unimodal biometrics such as face recognition or voice recognition. Biometric systems that adopted unimodal have limitations, mainly when the data contains outliers and corrupted datasets. Multimodal biometric systems grab researchers’ consideration due to their superiority, such as better security than the unimodal biometric system and outstanding recognition efficiency. Therefore, the multimodal biometric system based on face and fingerprint recognition is developed in this paper. First, the multimodal biometric person recognition system is developed based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and ORB (Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF) algorithm. Next, two features are fused by using match score level fusion based on Weighted Sum-Rule. The verification process is matched if the fusion score is greater than the pre-set threshold. The algorithm is extensively evaluated on UCI Machine Learning Repository Database datasets, including one real dataset with state-of-the-art approaches. The proposed method achieves a promising result in the person recognition system.

Adversarial Machine Learning in Image Classification: A Survey Toward the Defender’s Perspective

Deep Learning algorithms have achieved state-of-the-art performance for Image Classification. For this reason, they have been used even in security-critical applications, such as biometric recognition systems and self-driving cars. However, recent works have shown those algorithms, which can even surpass human capabilities, are vulnerable to adversarial examples. In Computer Vision, adversarial examples are images containing subtle perturbations generated by malicious optimization algorithms to fool classifiers. As an attempt to mitigate these vulnerabilities, numerous countermeasures have been proposed recently in the literature. However, devising an efficient defense mechanism has proven to be a difficult task, since many approaches demonstrated to be ineffective against adaptive attackers. Thus, this article aims to provide all readerships with a review of the latest research progress on Adversarial Machine Learning in Image Classification, nevertheless, with a defender’s perspective. This article introduces novel taxonomies for categorizing adversarial attacks and defenses, as well as discuss possible reasons regarding the existence of adversarial examples. In addition, relevant guidance is also provided to assist researchers when devising and evaluating defenses. Finally, based on the reviewed literature, this article suggests some promising paths for future research.

Deep face fuzzy vault: Implementation and performance

Biometric technologies, especially face recognition, have become an essential part of identity management systems worldwide. In deployments of biometrics, secure storage of biometric information is necessary in order to protect the users’ privacy. In this context, biometric cryptosystems are designed to meet key requirements of biometric information protection enabling a privacy-preserving storage and comparison of biometric data, e.g. feature vectors extracted from facial images. Until now, biometric cryptosystems have hardly been applied to state-of-the-art biometric recognition systems utilizing deep convolutional neural networks.This work investigates the application of a well-known biometric cryptosystem, i.e. the improved fuzzy vault scheme, to facial feature vectors extracted through deep convolutional neural networks. To this end, a feature transformation method is introduced which maps fixed-length real-valued deep feature vectors to integer-valued feature sets. As part of said feature transformation, a detailed analysis of different feature quantisation and binarisation techniques is conducted. At key binding, obtained feature sets are locked in an unlinkable improved fuzzy vault. For key retrieval, the efficiency of different polynomial reconstruction techniques is investigated. The proposed feature transformation method and template protection scheme are agnostic of the biometric characteristic and, thus, can be applied to virtually any biometric features computed by a deep neural network. In experiments, an unlinkable improved deep face fuzzy vault-based template protection scheme is constructed employing features extracted with a state-of-the-art deep convolutional neural network trained with the additive angular margin loss (ArcFace). For the best configuration, a false non-match rate below 1% at a false match rate of 0.01%, is achieved in cross-database experiments on the FERET and FRGCv2 face databases. On average, a security level of up to approximately 28 bits is obtained. This work presents an effective face-based fuzzy vault scheme providing privacy protection of facial reference data as well as digital key derivation from face.

PNU Spoofing: a menace for biometrics authentication systems?

• The analysis of the PNU noise is the most popular approach for identifying the camera used to take an image under scrutiny. • PNU is also used in other domains, like iris-based authentication and health monitoring based on bio-signal processing. • Several spoofing techniques exist for deceiving identification algorithms PNU-based and undermining the integrity of images. • We show that spoofed images retain traces of their originating device, these allow to correctly perform the identification. The Pixel Non-Uniformity noise (PNU noise, for short) is a characteristic noise of digital camera sensors that has been originally used a mean to perform Source Camera Identification (SCI), that is, to identify the digital camera that has been used to take an image under scrutiny. Actually, its usage has been extended to other relevant application domains, such as carrying out sensor identification in iris biometrics , to resolve the integrity of a biometric authentication system , in health monitoring systems based on bio-signal processing, and to prevent health fraud scams. As a consequence of this popularity, several counter-forensics techniques have been proposed in the scientific literature to deceive this identification approach and, thus, putting at risk its effectiveness. The goal of this paper is to experiment with some of these counter-forensics techniques and to assess whether they are able or not to deceive the PNU-based identification process. We focus our attention on the particular case where a target image is modified so as to appear as been taken by a different device than the original one (i.e., spoofing). The results of our experiments show that this kind of spoofing is apparently successful in deceiving the PNU-based identification process. However, we also show that the spoofed images retain traces of their originating camera. By leveraging on this information, it is still possible to trace back the device used to take that image. This finding may have a deep impact on the usage of Pixel Non Uniformity (PNU) noise for identification tasks, such as the ones carried out by biometric recognition and monitoring systems, and on the possibility to really cheat them by means of counter-forensics techniques.