Biomedical Telemetry Research Articles

Home telecare system integrated with periodic health reminder and medical record & multimedia health information.

The necessity of home telecare system is growing due to increase in desire for health promotion owing to increase in chronic diseases, aged population and medical expenses. Already, we computerized patient's data and offer periodic health reminder to patients for health promotion by using Life-time Health Monitoring Program (LHMP). Our study connected LHMP to the Web on internet by CGI as an electronic medical record; enabling reference to patient's medical records anywhere. The study also made possible video teleconsultation and constructed multimedia database to provide health-related information to the patients. On these bases, a flow chart was developed using the home telecare to practice manage patients with chronic diseases, old patients, and the handicapped. Further standardization in data, establishment of law bases for home telecare system, development of rules for medical fees and active utilization of biomedical telemetry will be needed to extend home telecare system.

Preliminary development of a radiotelemetry system for biological applications.

The design and prototype realisation of a complete radiotelemetry system for long-term monitoring of laboratory animals is described. The transmitter component is potentially implantable and transcutaneously powered using a single-component 200 kHz magnetic field. Monitoring of up to four data channels is possible using time-division multiplexing. The FM carrier is quartz crystal controlled to ensure long-term system stability and satisfy UK biomedical telemetry regulations. Implementation of the system would now require miniaturisation of the implantable transmitter component.

Feeder Cattle Stress During Handling and Transportation

ABSTRACT THE relationship between heart rate and stressor events which normally occur in the handling and transportation of feeder calves from producer to feedlot was determined. Heart rate was monitored with a bio-medical telemetry system and activity was monitored with a closed-circuit television system. In a laboratory ex-periment, three pairs of calves were subjected to various planned and ad lib stressor events such as placing in a squeeze chute, loading on a transport vehicle, and eating or drinking. The average heart rate increased by less than 10 beats/min (BPM) for mild stressor events such as gentle butting to more than 30 BPM for severe stressor events such as loading on a vehicle. A mathematical model was developed to predict the heart rate for various stressor events. In two other experiments, eight feeder calves from each of two truckloads were monitored during assembly, simulated auction sale, and while in transit (1600 km) from the producing area to the feedlot. These experi-ments showed that there was a significant difference in the stress, as measured by increased heart rate, between the two shipments. Much of the difference was attribut-able to differences in procedures and facilities. For ex-ample, efficient sorting of animals resulted in an increase of only 7 BPM while inefficient sorting resulted in an in-crease of 48 BPM. Heart rate appears to be related to stress and, therefore, may provide a fast objective way to measure stress and its effect upon subsequent animal health. Future research is planned to test this hypothesis as well as provide the information needed to develop more efficient handling and transportation procedures.

Data compression techniques and applications

Several data compression methods are reviewed for signal and image digital processing and transmission, including both established and more recent techniques. Methods of prediction-interpolation, differential pulse code modulation, delta modulation and transformations are examined in some detail. The processing of two-dimensional data is also considered.Results of the application of these techniques to space telemetry and biomedical digital signal processing and telemetry systems are presented.Some of the considerations and comparison criteria presented, even though not completely general because extracted from experimental results, can be useful in selecting and defining the more pertinent data compression system for the different practical applications.

Transmission and reception with embedded antennas.

Electromagnetic problems relating to biomedical telemetry are reviewed. The reciprocal theorem is used with the previously determined receiving properties of embedded bare and insulated dipoles and two-element arrays to obtain the ratio of the voltage across the load in a receiving dipole or Yagi array in air to the voltages driving various embedded transmitting antennas. The solution of the electro-magnetic problem of the transponder at vrious depths in a body of skin is thus completed.

Bio-Medical Telemetry (Second Edition) R. Stuart MacKay, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1970

Bio-Medical Telemetry (Second Edition) R. Stuart MacKay, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1970

EMS biomedical telemetry systems

The development of biomedical telemetry systems involves design activities from numerous and varied engineering disciplines. The system design considerations are numerous; involving communications, biomedical science, transportation, personnel training, medico-legal problems, etc.. Manufacturers of biomedical telemetry equipment are competing in an emerging field with unsettled requirements, and with regulations by both the FCC and FDA. The development of more universal and more reliable systems is foreseen.

EMS communications development: History and commentary

The history of emergency medical services (EMS) communication systems development from the FCC's first allocation of frequencies for hospitals and ambulances up to the present is discussed. Up until the late 1960's EMS communication systems were virtually nonexistent. Most early networks were developed by hospital associations for coordination of hospital disaster operations. Many significant changes were seeded in 1966. By 1968, ambulance-to-hospital communications was growing in importance. Advanced life support systems were introduced into the United States with the aid of biomedical telemetry systems. These two separate systems have been effectively linked with the aid of Docket 19880 and the common system approach. The road ahead looks clear.

Office of telecommunications policy proposed biomedical telemetry standard for emergency medical communications march 1975

Office of telecommunications policy proposed biomedical telemetry standard for emergency medical communications march 1975

Transmitter for radiotelemetry of intra-arterial pressure in man.

A radiotelemetry transmitter conforming to British Governmental specifications for biomedical telemetry has been devised for either intermittent or continuous recording of intra-arterial pressure in fully ambulant subjects. A1 kHz subcarrier is frequency modulated by the pressure waveform, the subcarrier being in turn frequency modulated on to a crystal-controlled oscillator at 17·060 MHz which, after frequency multiplication, produces an output to drive an integral halfwave aerial at 102·360 MHz. The apparatus has been successfully used for monitoring for periods of 3 to 36 h.

Advanced life-support by volunteer fire department ambulance personnel

As many as 95% of the personnel delivering emergency ambulance service in some areas of the United States are volunteers. To determine if such personnel can provide effective advanced life-support, the Western Pennsylvania Regional Medical Program conducted a project that trained 15 volunteer ambulance people in these techniques. Our findings indicate advanced life-support can be provided without biomedical telemetry systems if the operation has intensive medical supervision, enthusiastic support from the sponsoring agency, endorsement by the local municipal government and personnel dedicated to providing high level service.

Recent NASA contributions to biomedical telemetry.

The present work reviews technological progress over the past five years in the field of long-term telemetric monitoring of physiological parameters during space flight. Emphasis is placed on those developments that have direct application to animal or human use on earth. An effort was made in these recent developments to free subjects from encumbering wires: a swallowable telemetry capsule for monitoring body temperature and a wristwatch transmitter connected to EKG leads were two of the devices developed.

Recent NASA contributions to biomedical telemetry.

Recent NASA contributions to biomedical telemetry.

Telemedicine: New Application of Communications Technology

Telemedicine may be defined as the practice of medicine at long distance by means of telecommunications, in particular, closed-circuit television and telemetry. Two-way television enables physicians to establish a nominal doctor-patient relationship with patients at a remote location, while providing the means for visual examination of patients. Biomedical telemetry transmits patients' vital signs, detected by standard medical bioelectric sensors and physiological function transducers. In a telemedicine simulation experiment, a test group of physicians deemed black-and-white television adequate for most diagnostic purposes, but expressed a preference for color. The group evidenced little interest in picture resolution greater than that provided by the standard U.S. 525-line system. The Plumbicon camera was said to provide better pictures for medical purposes than the vidicon. In either color or black-and-white television, lighting is a critical factor in the proper rendition of flesh tones as well as in providing the necessary illusion of depth for the observation of detail. Commercial television lighting practices are directly applicable. The inclusion of certain colored items in the televised scene aid in the interpretation of color television pictures. Designing the biomedical portion of a telemedicine system requires knowledge of the various electrical characteristics of the vital signs to be transmitted. These cover a wide range of frequencies and amplitudes. Most bioelectric potentials are so small that special care must be taken to avoid artifacts produced by electrical interference.

A digital phase modulator and demodulator for a biomedical telemetry system.

The paper describes a digital phase modulator for use with a crystal-controlled biomedical telemetry transmitter, and a demodulator which accepts the phase-modulated output, at intermediate frequency, from a commercial receiver. The demodulator incorporates a phaselocked loop to provide a reference carrier for demodulation.

A Windowless Si Radiation Detector and Biomedical Telemetry System for Studying the Function of Organs of Free-Ranging Animals

A windowless silicon radiation detector and biotelemetry system has been developed and used in the study of the function of organs of free ranging animals. The system consists of an implantable silicon radiation probe, a transmitter package, an FM receiver, and a data handling unit. The intensity of radioisotopes (RI) taken in the organs is measured continuously with an implantable probe with a 5 mm diameter sensitive area. The transmitter package is composed of an RI signal conditioner, and a transmitter. The prototype transmitter package is made of aluminum, and 2 × 6 × 9.5 cm in size. With electronic components included, it weighs 170 gm. The power consumption of the transmitter is about 100 mW, and is furnished from three 5 V mercury batteries. Two of them are used as the detector bias supply. The system was made of discrete electronic components because of their more reliability, lower operating voltage, and lower power consumption. The fundamental characteristics and field performance of the system were carried out using several dogs with the aid of radioisotopes. The application of the system like the study of liver metabolism of dog is discussed.

A micropower monolithic transmitter for single- or multichannel biomedical telemetry

A common-collector micropower monolithic transmitter intended for biomedical telemetry in the 100-MHz range is described.

Variation of Chemical Concentration in Surface-Coated and Tableted Grain Baits

Liquid scintillation spectrometry was used to determine the quantity of recovered carbon14labelled Mesurol (4-[methylthio]-3,S-xylyl N-methylcarbamate) from individual baits. The six grain baits tested were cracked corn, wheat kernels, and oat groats, each formulated as surface-coated baits and as tablets (ground grain mixed with the chemical and tableted). The concentration of Mesurol on the surface-coated baits was highly variable, with coefficients of variation (CV) ranging from 21.0 percent (wheat) to 48.] percent (cracked corn); Mesurol in individual cracked corn baits ranged from 99-532 ,ug. Such variation could easily explain erratic results in field baiting programs or laboratory tests. The tableted baits were more uniform (CV, 4.6-8.0 percent; greatest range, 274-360 yg) and are recommended for baiting situations where chemical concentration is critical. VARIATION IN SURFACE_COATED AND TABLETED BAITS * Bullard 925 , AND L. L. DICKSON. 1967. Thern10regulation in the desert iguana, Dipsosaurus dorsalis. Science 156 ( 3783 ) :1757-59. , AND T. P. SOUTHWORTH. 1967. Body temperature fluctuations in the Northern elephant seal. J. Mammal. 48 ( 3 ): 484-485 . Received for publication March 23, 1970. of untethered dolphin recorded by ingested radio transmitter. Science 144(3621):864-866. 1967. Bio-medical telemetry. New York, John Wiley, Inc. 388pp. McGINNIs, S. M. 1968. Biotelemetry in pinipeds; in the behavior and physiology of pinipeds. Appleton-Century-Croft, New York. 411pp. tions. The present experiment was conducted to determine the extent of such variation in grain baits for animal damage control by comparing the chemical concentration in three kinds of surface-coated baits, all prepared in the same manner, with that in bait tablets made from the same materials. I thank Ann H. Jones for editorial assistance, J. L. Oldemeyer for statistical assistance, and R. R. Bott for technical assistance irs the analyses. My thanks also to the co-workers who helped in the bait formula-

Bio-Medical Telemetry. Sensing and Transmiting Biological Information from Animals and Man.R. Stuart Mackay

<i>Bio-Medical Telemetry. Sensing and Transmiting Biological Information from Animals and Man.</i>R. Stuart Mackay

Biomedical telemetry: applications to psychology.

Biomedical telemetry: applications to psychology.