Biomarkers Of Metabolic Syndrome Research Articles

Metabolic Dysfunction, Triglyceride-Glucose Index, and Risk of Severe Asthma Exacerbation

Metabolic conditions may worsen asthma. There is a need to define a composite biomarker of metabolic dysfunction that has relevance to asthma outcomes. To determine the association of the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG), a biomarker of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, with risk of severe asthma exacerbation. A 5-year retrospective cohort of patients with asthma receiving health care from the US Veterans Health Administration from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019, was constructed. Fasting TyG values were extracted. Patients were followed for a severe asthma exacerbation, defined as an asthma-related corticosteroid prescription fill or an emergency encounter or hospitalization for asthma. Adjusted models estimated the relative hazard of exacerbation associated with elevated TyG, accounting for known exacerbation risk factors. A total of 108,219 patients fulfilled study criteria. Over 286,343 person-years of follow-up, 21,467 exacerbations were identified, corresponding to a crude rate of 7.5 exacerbations/100 person-years. In exploratory analysis, we found a threshold effect at a TyG of 8.3, which was defined as elevated. In a fully adjusted model, patients with an elevated TyG had a 6% (95% CI, 3%-10%) higher hazard for severe asthma exacerbation, independent of eosinophil count, smoking, obesity, and asthma treatment intensity. Elevated TyG is a risk factor for severe asthma exacerbation independent of conventional predictors. Elevated TyG may identify patients who warrant more intensive asthma treatment and who are candidates for future clinical trials of metabolic intervention for purposes of improving asthma morbidity.

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) α, Endothelin (ET) 1 and α1-Acid Glycoprotein (AGP) as Potential Urine and Serum Markers of Metabolic Complications in Psoriasis?

Psoriasis, one of the most frequent dermatoses, strongly associated with metabolic disorders which increase patients' comorbidity and mortality. Hence, it is essential to look for markers of such complications. Our aim was to assess the clinical utility of urinary tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), endothelin 1 (ET-1) and α1-acid glycoprotein (α1AGP) as well as their serum concentrations as markers of metabolic complications in psoriatics, and to examine the relations of these markers to clinical and demographic parameters. The study involved 60 patients with plaque psoriasis and 30 volunteers without skin diseases (the control group). Serum and urinary concentrations of TNFα, ET-1 and α1AGP were measured by ELISA. Psoriasis severity was assessed using the psoriasis activity and severity index (PASI). Routine laboratory investigations were additionally performed. All serum markers were significantly higher in the patients compared to the controls. TNFα was undetectable in the urine in half of the patients. The urinary ET-1/creatinine concentration ratio was significantly lower in the psoriatics than the controls, whereas the absolute urinary α1AGP was significantly higher and the α1AGP/creatinine ratio was insignificantly different. There was no correlation between serum or urinary markers and PASI. All serum markers were higher in patients with psoriasis lasting less than 15years. Serum TNFα, ET-1 and α1AGP seem to be useful biomarkers of metabolic syndrome in psoriatics. ET-1 could perhaps become a urinary marker of metabolic disorders in psoriatics, but further studies are required to confirm that a decreased ET-1 concentration in urine is a reliable predictive tool. Increased urinary α1AGP also requires more in-depth research as a potential marker. TNFα urine assessment does not seem to be useful for screening for metabolic disorders in psoriatics. Serum or urinary TNFα, ET-1 and α1AGP do not seem to be associated with psoriasis severity or duration.

Identification of candidate metabolite biomarkers for metabolic syndrome and its five components in population-based human cohorts

BackgroundMetabolic Syndrome (MetS) is characterized by risk factors such as abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), hypertension, and hyperglycemia, which contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. Here, we aim to identify candidate metabolite biomarkers of MetS and its associated risk factors to better understand the complex interplay of underlying signaling pathways.MethodsWe quantified serum samples of the KORA F4 study participants (N = 2815) and analyzed 121 metabolites. Multiple regression models adjusted for clinical and lifestyle covariates were used to identify metabolites that were Bonferroni significantly associated with MetS. These findings were replicated in the SHIP-TREND-0 study (N = 988) and further analyzed for the association of replicated metabolites with the five components of MetS. Database-driven networks of the identified metabolites and their interacting enzymes were also constructed.ResultsWe identified and replicated 56 MetS-specific metabolites: 13 were positively associated (e.g., Val, Leu/Ile, Phe, and Tyr), and 43 were negatively associated (e.g., Gly, Ser, and 40 lipids). Moreover, the majority (89%) and minority (23%) of MetS-specific metabolites were associated with low HDL-C and hypertension, respectively. One lipid, lysoPC a C18:2, was negatively associated with MetS and all of its five components, indicating that individuals with MetS and each of the risk factors had lower concentrations of lysoPC a C18:2 compared to corresponding controls. Our metabolic networks elucidated these observations by revealing impaired catabolism of branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, as well as accelerated Gly catabolism.ConclusionOur identified candidate metabolite biomarkers are associated with the pathophysiology of MetS and its risk factors. They could facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies to prevent type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. For instance, elevated levels of lysoPC a C18:2 may protect MetS and its five risk components. More in-depth studies are necessary to determine the mechanism of key metabolites in the MetS pathophysiology.

Liver Enzyme Correlated with C-Reactive Protein as a Biomarker of Metabolic Syndrome in Elderly Patients

Metabolic syndrome is a multifactorial disease with various risk factors that arise from insulin resistance associated with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemias. Objective: To investigate the association between C-Reactive Protein and various risk factors related to CVS and metabolic health in elderly adults. Increased levels of various liver enzymes were found to be indicative of the progression of metabolic syndrome. Methods: In this study, total of 150 individuals with diagnosed metabolic syndrome were included, and they were compared to an equal number of control cases. The participants were selected from individuals visiting the Pathology and Molecular Biology Laboratories in Karachi for lab investigations. before collecting blood samples, basic vital signs, blood pressure, height, and waist circumference measurements were recorded to determine the participants' body mass index. The blood samples were then taken to assess liver enzyme levels and CRP. Results: The study examined and compared the levels of inflammatory marker and liver enzymes in both cases of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the control group. The findings revealed a significant association (p-value of 0.001) between metabolic syndrome and elevated levels of liver enzymes and CRP. Specifically, the suspected cases of metabolic syndrome showed strong correlations with alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and aspartate aminotransferase. However, alkaline phosphatase did not show substantial differences between the two groups. Conclusions: Our research revealed correlation between metabolic syndrome, liver enzymes and CRP. These findings indicate that high levels of liver enzymes and CRP can be indicative of cardiovascular functional abnormalities in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome.

Liver Fat Scores for Noninvasive Diagnosis and Monitoring of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Epidemiological and Clinical Studies.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is strongly associated with the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes and independently contributes to long-term complications. Being often asymptomatic but reversible, it would require population-wide screening, but direct diagnostics are either too invasive (liver biopsy), costly (MRI) or depending on the examiner's expertise (ultrasonography). Hepatosteatosis is usually accommodated by features of the metabolic syndrome (e.g. obesity, disturbances in triglyceride and glucose metabolism), and signs of hepatocellular damage, all of which are reflected by biomarkers, which poorly predict NAFLD as single item, but provide a cheap diagnostic alternative when integrated into composite liver fat indices. Fatty liver index, NAFLD LFS, and hepatic steatosis index are common and accurate indices for NAFLD prediction, but show limited accuracy for liver fat quantification. Other indices are rarely used. Hepatic fibrosis scores are commonly used in clinical practice, but their mandatory reflection of fibrotic reorganization, hepatic injury or systemic sequelae reduces sensitivity for the diagnosis of simple steatosis. Diet-induced liver fat changes are poorly reflected by liver fat indices, depending on the intervention and its specific impact of weight loss on NAFLD. This limited validity in longitudinal settings stimulates research for new equations. Adipokines, hepatokines, markers of cellular integrity, genetic variants but also simple and inexpensive routine parameters might be potential components. Currently, liver fat indices lack precision for NAFLD prediction or monitoring in individual patients, but in large cohorts they may substitute nonexistent imaging data and serve as a compound biomarker of metabolic syndrome and its cardiometabolic sequelae.

Search for new biomarkers of adult growth hormone deficiency metabolic syndrome: a comprehensive overview of a four peptides analysis

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)

Association of adiposity and fitness with triglyceride-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in youth.

The ratio of triglycerides-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) is considered a robust biomarker of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and is associated with several diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension (HTN). This study examined the independent association of adiposity and fitness with the TG/HDL-C ratio. This is a cross-sectional study comprising 403 (201 girls) Nigerian adolescents aged 11-19 years. Participants were evaluated for body mass index, cardiorespiratory fitness, and TG/HDL-C. Regression models adjusting for age and biological maturity were used to evaluate the association of adiposity and fitness with TG/HDL-C ratio. The TG/HDL-C ratios of 1.0 mmol/L and 1.1 mmol/L were used to stratify female and male participants into low- and high-risk groups, respectively. Of the 135 high-risk adolescents, 21.1%, 5.5%, 12.7%, 14.9%, and 0.5% were at risk of T2DM, systolic HTN, diastolic HTN, abdominal obesity, and MetS, respectively. The independent variables were significantly associated with TG/HDL-C ratio only in boys but not girls. In boys, high adiposity (β = 0.193; P = 0.025) and low fitness (β = -0.169; P = 0.048) were independently associated with the dependent variable. Unfit boys were 3.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] =1.37-10.94, P = 0.011) times more likely to develop elevated TG/HDL-C ratio than their fit peers. The likelihood of girls at risk of MetS developing a high TG/HDL-C ratio was 13.7 (95% CI = 3.89-48.32, P < 0.001) times compared to their counterparts without MetS. Adiposity and fitness were independently associated with TG/HDL-C in boys but not in girls. Health promotion intervention focusing on lowering TG/HDL-C ratio among Nigerian adolescents should include an emphasis on healthy diet and endurance activity programs.

Growth differentiation factor-15/adiponectin ratio as a potential biomarker for metabolic syndrome in Han Chinese.

Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and adiponectin are adipokines that regulate metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the roles of GDF-15, adiponectin, and GDF-15/adiponectin ratio (G/A ratio) as biomarkers for detecting metabolic syndrome (MS). This cross-sectional study included 676 participants aged 20-70 years in Jurong, China. The participants were divided into four groups based on sex and age (<40 and ≥40 years). MS was defined according to the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to evaluate the performance of GDF-15, adiponectin, and the G/A ratio in predicting MS. The prevalence of MS was 22.0% (149/676). Logistic regression analysis indicated that the G/A ratio and adiponectin levels, but not GDF-15 levels, were correlated with MS [odds ratio; 95% CI 1.010 (1.006-1.013) and 0.798 (0.735-0.865), respectively] after adjusting for confounding factors. The G/A ratio displayed a significant relationship with MS in each subgroup and with each MS component in both men and women; however, adiponectin concentrations were significantly associated with MS and all its components only in men (all P <0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of the G/A ratio and the adiponectin level for MS was 0.758 and 0.748, respectively. The highest AUC was 0.757 for the adiponectin level in men and 0.724 for the G/A ratio in women. This study suggests that the G/A ratio and adiponectin are potential biomarkers for detecting MS in women and men, respectively.

Upregulation of REL and WSB1 in patients with psoriasis and metabolic syndrome

Objective: A strong association exists between metabolic syndrome and psoriasis. The current study was performed to explore the gene regulation of metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis. Methods: Patients were assessed for psoriasis and metabolic syndrome clinically (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index, height, weight, waist circumference, and blood pressure) and biochemically (lipid profile and fasting blood sugar concentration). Systemic gene regulation was first explored by microarray and analyzed using Transcriptome Analysis Console Software, after which two selected upregulated genes were further validated using polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and analyzed using independent sample t test. Results: The analysis showed 7,269 upregulated and 3 downregulated genes at a fold change of 2 and P value of &lt;0.05; only 17 genes were upregulated and none were downregulated at a fold change of 8 and P value of &lt;0.005. Comparison with 22 previously reported potential biomarkers of metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis showed that the levels of 16 biomarkers aligned with the gene regulation observed in the current study. In particular, the REL transcript was upregulated 12-fold (P = 8.16 × 10−17), while the WSB1 transcript was upregulated 9-fold (P = 9.87 × 10−13). Validation showed that REL was also upregulated 2-fold in the polymerase chain reaction, and its protein was expressed at 7.140 ng/mL versus undetectable levels in the cases (P = 0.048). However, WSB1 was upregulated 2-fold in the polymerase chain reaction compared with controls, and unexpectedly, its protein was undetectable in cases but detectable in controls (P = 0.018). Conclusion: The upregulation of REL and WSB1 was observed in patients with psoriasis and metabolic syndrome, the clinical application of REL and WSB1 as biomarkers needs further validation for potential future implications in clinical practice.

Metabolic syndrome biomarkers relate to rate of cognitive decline in MCI and dementia stages of Alzheimer’s disease

BackgroundThe relationship between biomarkers of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, plasma triglyceride/HDL cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, on the rate of cognitive decline in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is unknown. The role of peripheral and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of Apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), a key functional component of HDL, on cognitive decline also remains unclear among them. Here we evaluate baseline plasma TG/HDL-C ratio and CSF and plasma ApoA1 levels and their relation with cognitive decline in the MCI and Dementia stages of AD.Patients and methodsA retrospective longitudinal study (156 participants; 106 MCI, 50 AD dementia) from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, with an average of 4.0 (SD 2.8) years follow-up. Baseline plasma TG/HDL-C, plasma, and CSF ApoA1 and their relationship to inflammation and blood–brain barrier (BBB) biomarkers and longitudinal cognitive outcomes were evaluated. Multivariable linear mixed effect models were used to assess the effect of baseline analytes with longitudinal changes in Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating–Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB), and Logical Memory delayed recall (LM) score after controlling for well-known covariates.ResultsA total of 156 participants included 98 women, 63%; mean age was 74.9 (SD 7.3) years. At baseline, MCI and dementia groups did not differ significantly in TG/HDL-C (Wilcoxon W statistic = 0.39, p = 0.39) and CSF ApoA1 levels (W = 3642, p = 0.29), but the dementia group had higher plasma ApoA1 than the MCI group (W = 4615, p = 0.01). Higher TG/HDL-C ratio was associated with faster decline in CDR-SB among MCI and dementia groups. Higher plasma ApoA1 was associated with faster decline in MMSE and LM among MCI, while in contrast higher CSF ApoA1 levels related to slower cognitive decline in MMSE among MCI. CSF and plasma ApoA1 also show opposite directional correlations with biomarkers of BBB integrity. CSF but not plasma levels of ApoA1 positively correlated to inflammation analytes in the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications (KEGG ID:KO04933).ConclusionsBiomarkers of metabolic syndrome relate to rate of cognitive decline among MCI and dementia individuals. Elevated plasma TG/HDL-C ratio and plasma ApoA1 are associated with worse cognitive outcomes in MCI and dementia participants. CSF ApoA1 and plasma ApoA1 likely have different roles in AD progression in MCI stage.

Deleterious Impact of Non-Diabetic Cataract Surgery on the Values of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Syndrome in Kinshasa

Deleterious Impact of Non-Diabetic Cataract Surgery on the Values of Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Metabolic Syndrome in Kinshasa

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, platelet-to-lymphocyte and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratios, any association with metabolic syndrome?

Metabolic syndrome is a critical health concern associated with an elevated risk of chronic health problems including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. There are shreds of evidence that novel inflammatory ratios including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, platelet-to-lymphocyte and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratios serve as prognostic biomarkers for metabolic syndrome (MetS). This hypothesis was investigated in a cohort of the Iranian population. selection of MetS + subjects was based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria 3 (NCEP ATP 3). The control group consisted of participants negative for any of the five MetS criteria. Demographic and laboratory data were extracted from the Tabari cohort study. A total of 1930 subjects including 965 Mets positive and 965 MetS criteria negative participants were evaluated. Diabetes (84.8%), hypertension (48.9%), hypertriglyceridemia (81.7%), low HDL cholesterol (70.3%), and high waist circumference (78.9%) were observed in patients. There were no differences between NLR (1.66±0.71 vs. 1.69±0.72 P=0.42), LMR (11.23±3.13 vs. 11.30±11.99, P= 0.86) and PLR (113.85±68.67 vs 114.11±35.85, P=0.91) between case and control groups, respectively. Logistic regression analysis revealed no association between ratios and MetS risk even after adjusting for potential confounders including age, gender, living place, and BMI. In a relatively large population from Northern Iran, no association was observed between CBC-derived inflammatory ratios and the presence of MetS.

The triglyceride-waist circumference index is a valid biomarker of metabolic syndrome in African Americans

BackgroundThe hypertriglyceridemia waist (HTGW) phenotype is associated with visceral adiposity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Since the cut points for abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridemia, differ for different race groups, investigators have developed the product of triglycerides (TG) and waist circumference (WC) as the TG.WC index. We compared this TG.WC index to the TG:HDL-C ratio in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) study to predict metabolic syndrome (MetS) in African Americans (AAs). MethodsParticipants included 950 AAs and 2651 non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) for comparison from the NHANES data set. Persons with diabetes, ASCVD and macro-inflammation were excluded. Fasting blood was obtained for lipids, insulin and CRP. ResultsIn AAs and NHWs, both the TG.WC index and TG:HDL-C ratio were significantly increased in MetS patients. Also, both increased with increasing severity of MetS and correlated with all features of MetS, insulin resistance and inflammation. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that discrimination with TG.WC for MetS was superior to the TG:HDL-C ratio especially in AAs. ConclusionsTG.WC index is a superior biomarker to TG:HDL-C for predicting MetS in AAs despite their lower TG levels.

Case control study for the effect of functional food consumption on biomarkers of patients with viral hepatopathy (Hepatitis B and C) and metabolic syndrome

Introduction: The dissemination and adoption of healthy eating habits are crucial in promoting Public Health. Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease, a leading cause of death. Viral hepatitis causes a high morbidity burden and a high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma.Objective: This case-control aims to investigate the impact of eating habits, especially functional food, on biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome, Hepatitis B/C. The bibliographic lack of research on this matter was the impetus for this study.Methods: 90 (aged&gt; 18 years) patients participated in the study, equally distributed in the three diseases and 90 healthy controls. The cardiovascular-hepatic biomarkers evaluated were: HbΑ1c, CHOL, TG, HDL, SGOT, SGPT, ΝΤ-proBNP, U, and CR.Results: The main groups of conventional and selected functional foods were recorded through their frequency of consumption and their effect on biomarkers (Statistically significant level, p-value &lt;0.05). BNP was statistically significantly correlated (&lt;300 pg./ml) with the consumption of wine, legumes, and honey, Urea with the consumption of fruits, Cr with the consumption of nuts and olive oil, and Cholesterol with the consumption of honey and herbs. Increased consumption of nuts was statistically significantly correlated with the improvement of BNP and U-values, vegetables with the improvement of SGPT, coffee fruits, and herbs with the improvement of SGOT values.Conclusion: Our results agree with the international references, where the beneficial effects of functional foods are mainly captured descriptively and not in absolute values of biomarkers, as we have tried to highlight in our case-report study. Although in a small sample, the results highlight the beneficial effect of functional foods on cardiovascular-hepatic biomarkers. More prospective studies are needed for clearer results.Keywords: Functional Food; Metabolic Syndrome; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Biomarkers

Association between Circulating Omentin-1 Levels and Aortic Valve Sclerosis.

Aortic valve sclerosis (AVS) is characterized by thickening of the valve leaflets accompanied by increased echogenicity and calcification without significant limitations in valve movements. Omentin-1 is a glycoprotein of the adiponectin family released from visceral adipose tissue, and it can be used as a biomarker of atherosclerosis, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. No studies have demonstrated any relationship between AVS and omentin-1 in the literature. We aimed to explore the association of serum omentin-1 levels with AVS. Eighty-six patients with AVS and 92 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled into the study. The baseline clinical characteristics of the patients were recorded. Conventional 2-dimensional echocardiography was performed. Omentin-1 levels were measured. The mean omentin-1 level was significantly lower in the AVS (+) group compared to the control group (78.16 ± 44.95 vs. 163.57 ± 59.84 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Omentin-1 [odds ratio (OR) = 3.45, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.88-5.39, p < 0.001,] and LDL-C (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.33-2.16, p = 0.015) were found to be independent predictors of AVS in multivariate logistic regression analysis. An omentin-1 level of < 92.45 ng/mL had 90.5% sensitivity and 71.4% specificity for the prediction of AVS (area under curve: 0.697, p < 0.001). Our results indicated that a lower omentin-1 level was associated with an increased risk of AVS. We suggest that omentin-1 could be used as a treatment target as well as to predict AVS.

Serum uric acid is a predictive biomarker of incident metabolic syndrome at the Brazilian longitudinal study of adult Health (ELSA – Brasil)

AimTo investigate whether serum uric acid (SUA) levels and hyperuricemia can be predictive biomarkers of incident metabolic syndrome(MS) among different body mass index(BMI) categories, and to investigate SUA cutoffs that best discriminate individuals with incident MS. MethodsWe analyzed 7,789 participants without MS at baseline of ELSA-Brasil study. Logistic regression models were performed to evaluate associations between incident MS and SUA levels/hyperuricemia, expressed by odds ratios(ORs) and confidence intervals(95 % CI). ResultsWe found 1,646 incident MS cases after a median follow-up of 3.8[3.5–4.1] years. Incident MS was present among 8.3 % (n = 290) of participants with normal weight, 28.3 % (n = 850) with overweight, 39.8 % (n = 506) with obesity. Among incident MS participants of total sample, 33.0 % had hyperuricemia [SUA > 6.0 mg/dL (356.9 μmol/L)]. After all adjustments, SUA was independently prognostic of incident MS: for each 1 mg/dL increase in SUA the odds of incident MS were 45 % higher (OR1.45[CI95 %1.34–1.55 p <.01]). Associations were found for those presenting normal weight, overweight and obesity (OR1.43[CI95 %1.31–1.57 p <.01; OR1.22[CI95 %1.13–1.32 p <.01]; and OR1.16[CI95 %1.04–1.29 p <.05]) respectively. Hyperuricemia was independently associated with incident MS (OR1.88[CI95 %1.49-0.2.36 p <.01]). The SUA cut point level maximizing sensitivity and specificity in the discrimination of incident MS was 5.0 mg/dL. ConclusionsSUA level is an independent predictive biomarker of incident MS at all BMI categories.

Blood and Urinary Biomarkers of Antipsychotic-Induced Metabolic Syndrome.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clustering of at least three of the following five medical conditions: abdominal obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high serum triglycerides, and low serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL). Antipsychotic (AP)-induced MetS (AIMetS) is the most common adverse drug reaction (ADR) of psychiatric pharmacotherapy. Herein, we review the results of studies of blood (serum and plasma) and urinary biomarkers as predictors of AIMetS in patients with schizophrenia (Sch). We reviewed 1440 studies examining 38 blood and 19 urinary metabolic biomarkers, including urinary indicators involved in the development of AIMetS. Among the results, only positive associations were revealed. However, at present, it should be recognized that there is no consensus on the role of any particular urinary biomarker of AIMetS. Evaluation of urinary biomarkers of the development of MetS and AIMetS, as one of the most common concomitant pathological conditions in the treatment of patients with psychiatric disorders, may provide a key to the development of strategies for personalized prevention and treatment of the condition, which is considered a complication of AP therapy for Sch in clinical practice.

TBXAS1 Gene Polymorphism Is Associated with the Risk of Ischemic Stroke of Metabolic Syndrome in a Chinese Han Population.

Objective To investigate the association between thromboxane A synthase 1 (TBXAS1) gene polymorphism and metabolic syndrome (MS) and explore whether gene polymorphism could act as biomarkers in MS and its components or whether it could play a role in MS-related damage. Methods A total of 3072 eligible subjects were obtained, of which 1079 cases were controls and 1993 cases were MS patients. Subjects were followed up for 5 years, and the endpoint were recorded. The gene polymorphism of TBXAS1 was detected by using the Sequenom MassArray method. Results Significant differences were observed in ischemic stroke and NC_000007.14: g.139985896C>T (P < 0.05). The incidence of ischemic stroke was significantly higher in T allele carriers than in C (P < 0.05). C allele was the protective factor of the onset of ischemic stroke. There were negative interactions between C allele and waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Conclusion These findings suggest that NC_000007.14: g.139985896C>T was related to the incidence of ischemic stroke in the whole and MS population, and individuals who carry the C allele have a reduced risk of ischemic stroke, which may be used as a promising biomarker of disease risk in patients with MS.

Walnut Intake Interventions Targeting Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome and Inflammation in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Biomarkers of metabolic syndrome and inflammation are pathophysiological predictors and factors of senescence and age-related diseases. Recent evidence showed that particular diet components, such as walnuts rich in antioxidant bioactive compounds and with a balanced lipid profile, could have positive outcomes on human health. A systematic search in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases was performed to retrieve randomized controlled trials published from the beginning of each database through November 2021, reporting on the outcomes of walnut consumption over 22 metabolic syndrome and inflammatory markers in middle-aged and older adults. The search strategy rendered 17 studies in the final selection, including 11 crossover and 6 parallel trials. The study revealed that walnut-enriched diets had statistically significant decreasing effects for triglyceride, total cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol concentrations on some inflammatory markers and presented no consequences on anthropometric and glycemic parameters. Although further studies and better-designed ones are needed to strengthen these findings, the results emphasize the benefits of including walnuts in the dietary plans of this age group.

Long non-coding RNAs: a valuable biomarker for metabolic syndrome.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have become important regulators of gene expression because they affect a wide range of biological processes, such as cell growth, death, differentiation, and aging. More and more evidence suggests that lncRNAs play a role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. When certain lncRNAs are out of balance, metabolic disorders like diabetes, obesity, and heart disease get worse. In this review, we talk about what we know about how lncRNAs control metabolism, with a focus on diseases caused by long-term inflammation and the characteristics of the metabolic syndrome. We looked at lncRNAs and their molecular targets in the pathogenesis of signaling pathways. We also talked about how lncRNAs are becoming more and more interesting as diagnostic and therapeutic targets for improving metabolic homeostasis.