Biological Effects Research Articles

The Effects of Wuniuzao Green Tea on Mice With High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Liver Steatosis

ABSTRACTWuniuzao is a famous Chinese tea with a history of more than 300 years. It is suitable for bulk production with excellent quality. Most current studies have focused on the cultivation, aroma compounds, and antioxidant capacity of Wuniuzao tea. However, the biological effects of Wuniuzao green tea water (WGT) extract on the prevention of high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced liver steatosis and modulation of the intestinal microbiota have not yet been reported. This study was conducted to fill these gaps. Mice were divided into four groups and fed a normal diet, HFD, HFD + atorvastatin (10 mg/kg, positive control), and HFD + WGT (300 mg/kg), respectively. Nine‐week administration of WGT reduced body weight, lipid accumulation, and serum lipid levels in HFD‐fed mice. Liver function and serum glucose tolerance were improved, and hepatic steatosis was inhibited in the WGT group. Moreover, WGT treatment activated the AMPK signaling pathway, suggesting a mechanism for its effect on hepatic steatosis. WGT supplementation also increased intestinal microbiota diversity and modulated the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. WGT significantly alleviated HFD‐induced liver steatosis and modulated HFD‐induced intestinal microbial dysbiosis, suggesting its potential as a dietary supplement against HFD‐induced obesity and associated liver steatosis.

A degradable form of polyoma small T antigen reveals the high specificity of TAZ in regulating gene expression

The study of DNA tumor viruses has revolutionized cancer biology, partly by virtue of the unique capabilities of viral oncoproteins to manipulate key proteins and pathways involved in tumorigenesis. We find a high affinity and selective binding of the polyoma small T antigen (PyST) with the transcription cofactor TAZ. By engineering a degradable version of PyST, we demonstrate that, when TAZ activity is modulated by PyST, a surprisingly small number of genes have altered expression and thus are candidate transcription targets of TAZ. Notably, knocking out TAZ, or its target genes CTGF or CYR61, abolishes the growth-promoting properties of PyST that are evident upon growth factor withdrawal. Therefore, by controlling the protein abundance of PyST and consequently TAZ activity, we find that TAZ is a transcriptional coactivator that can achieve important biological effects by acting on a limited number of gene targets.

Вплив неіонізуючої радіації на кількісні та якісні показники м'ясної продукції курей

The growing interest in non-ionizing radiation and its potential biological effects has stimulated research into its application in animal husbandry. This article examines the impact of non-ionizing radiation, specifically extremely low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (ELF-PEMF), on the productive indicators of dual-purpose chickens of the Dominant D959 crossbreed. Changes in the mass of eviscerated carcasses and selected internal organs were analyzed under the influence of different levels of extremely low-frequency non-ionizing radiation. Particular attention was paid to the qualitative characteristics of the meat – the content of crude protein in hydrolysates of breast muscle proteins in the experimental chickens. The study revealed no pathological changes in the internal organs of chickens after exposure to ELF-PEMF, confirming the biological safety of the applied irradiation modes regardless of the protein content in the diet. The results indicate that statistically significant changes in the examined parameters occur under certain exposure conditions. In particular, a reliable increase in the mass of the eviscerated carcass was observed under a 30-minute daily irradiation regimen over 150 days, with the chickens being fed diets either 15% higher or lower in protein content. The research suggests a potentially positive role of periodic ELF-PEMF exposure as an adaptogenic factor that helps maintain or even increase protein content in muscle tissue, especially under conditions of moderate stress and adaptive protein deficiency. At the same time, constant electromagnetic exposure under nutrient-deficient conditions was found to suppress protein metabolism. The data obtained support the prospect of using ELF-PEMF as a growth-promoting factor for chicken muscle mass, with constant exposure appearing more effective than periodic exposure. The mode of electromagnetic field exposure should be considered a significant regulator of metabolic processes capable of modulating protein metabolism efficiency depending on the organism's nutritional status. Further research should aim to explore the underlying mechanisms of this influence and to optimize the parameters for applying ELF-PEMF in poultry farming to achieve maximum productivity.

Molecular docking and biological evaluation of a novel IWS1 inhibitor for the treatment of human retroperitoneal liposarcoma

IWS1 is a key assembly factor of the RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) elongation complex, and its overexpression is associated with worse outcomes in patients with liposarcoma (LPS). This study aimed to identify compounds that can disrupt the IWS1/Spt6 interaction and assess their biological effects in dedifferentiated LPS (DDLPS). Using the AlphaFold-predicted structure of IWS1, we identified a core binding region (AA 545–694) for its interaction with Spt6. Through molecular modeling and virtual screening, Ketotifen and Desloratadine were predicted as candidate inhibitors. Both were predicted to mimic Spt6 phenylalanine (F217) and disrupt the complex, which was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. Functional assays showed that treatment with either compound reduced migration, invasion, and spheroid formation in DDLPS cell lines. Additionally, increased nuclear localization of IWS1 was observed. These findings suggest Ketotifen and Desloratadine as promising inhibitors of the IWS1/Spt6 interaction, with potential applications in reducing the invasive properties of human LPS.

Tissue Repair Mechanisms of Dental Pulp Stem Cells: A Comprehensive Review from Cutaneous Regeneration to Mucosal Healing

Repairing and regenerating tissue barriers is a key challenge in regenerative medicine. Stem cells play a crucial role in restoring the structural and functional integrity of key epithelial barrier surfaces, including the skin and mucosa. This review analyzes the role of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and their derivatives, including extracellular vesicles, conditioned medium, and intracellular factors, in accelerating skin wound healing. The key mechanisms include: (1) DPSCs regulating inflammatory microenvironments by promoting anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage polarization; (2) DPSCs activating vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to drive angiogenesis; (3) DPSCs optimizing extracellular matrix (ECM) spatial structure through matrix metalloproteinase/tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (MMP/TIMP) balance; and (4) DPSCs enhancing transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) secretion to accelerate granulation tissue formation. Collectively, these processes promote wound healing. In addition, we explored potential factors that accelerate wound healing in DPSCs, such as oxidative stress, mechanical stimulation, hypertension, electrical stimulation, and organoid modeling. In addition to demonstrating the great potential of DPSCs for skin repair, this review explores their translational prospects in mucosal regenerative medicine. It covers the oral cavity, esophagus, colon, and fallopian tube. Some studies have found that combining DPSCs and their derivatives with drugs can significantly enhance their biological effects. By integrating insights from skin and mucosal models, this review offers novel ideas and strategies for treating chronic wounds, inflammatory bowel disease, and mucosal injuries. It also lays the foundation for connecting basic research results with clinical practice. This represents a significant step forward in tackling these complex medical challenges and lays a solid scientific foundation for developing more targeted and efficient regenerative therapies.

Cross modality learning of cell painting and transcriptomics data improves mechanism of action clustering and bioactivity modelling

In drug discovery, different data modalities (chemical structure, cell biology, quantum mechanics, etc.) are abundant, and their integration can help with understanding aspects of chemistry, biology, and their interactions. Within cell biology, cell painting (CP) and transcriptomics RNA-Seq (TX) screens are powerful tools in early drug discovery, as they are complementary views of the biological effect of compounds on a population of cells post-treatment. While multimodal learning of chemical structure-cell painting, or different omics data has been experimented; a cell painting-bulk transcriptomics multimodal model is still unexplored. In this work, we benchmark two representation learning methods: contrastive learning and bimodal autoencoder. We use the setting of cross modality learning where representation learning is performed with two modalities (CP and TX), but only cell painting is available for new compounds embeddings generation and downstream task. This is because for new compounds, we would only have CP data and not TX, due to high data generation cost of the RNA-Seq screen. We show that in the absence of TX features for new compounds, using learned embeddings like those obtained from Constrastive Learning enhances performance of CP features on tasks where TX features excels but CP features does not. Additionally, we observed that learned representation improves cluster quality for clustering of CP replicates and different mechanisms of action (MoA), as well as improves performance on several subsets of bioactivity tasks grouped by protein target families.

Luohuazizhu Granules Alleviate Symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis via Changes in Bile Acid Metabolism and Gut Microbiota.

Luohuazizhu granules (LHZZG) are made of Callicarpa nudiflora Hook. (CN), which is used to treat ulcerative colitis (UC). The anti-inflammatory effects of CN on UC have been previously reported. However, the biological effects of LHZZG on bile acids (BAs) in UC and the underlying mechanisms remain unexplored. Integrated metabolomics were used to explore the regulatory mechanisms of LHZZG for BA metabolism in UC mice. Both 16S rDNA sequencing and flow cytometry analyses were combined to comprehensively assess gut microbiota (GM) and immune responses. Twenty-five differential biomarkers were identified in the untargeted metabolomic analysis, most of which were correlated with BA metabolism. UC signs were significantly alleviated after LHZZG treatment. The targeted metabolomics analysis revealed BA metabolic disorders to be significantly improved following LHZZG treatment. Additionally, the imbalances in the GM and immune cells related to BA metabolism were restored. This study not only confirmed significant dose-dependent protective effects of LHZZG in UC mice, but also performed the first investigation into the underlying mechanisms related to BA metabolism and immune function. Nevertheless, the limitations precluded a definitive mechanistic explanation for the observed changes. Consequently, in-depth mechanistic investigations will be prioritized in subsequent research to experimentally validate this hypothesis. BAs could serve as biomarkers for evaluating the therapeutic effects of LHZZG on UC. This study has provided the first detailed explanation of the mechanism underlying the effects of LHZZG from a BA metabolic perspective, providing a foundation for their clinical application in UC.

A Review of Botany, Phytochemistry, and Biological Activities of Fragaria vesca and Fragaria viridis Widespread in Kazakhstan.

According to current taxonomic consensus, the genus Fragaria L. (family Rosaceae) comprises nine recognized species: Fragaria × ananassa (Duchartre ex Weston) Duchesne ex Rozier, Fragaria bucharica Losinsk., Fragaria viridis subsp. campestris (Steven) Pael., Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Mill., Fragaria moschata Duchesne ex Weston, Fragaria orientalis Losinsk., Fragaria vesca L., Fragaria virginiana Mill., and Fragaria viridis Duchartre. Within the flora of Kazakhstan, two species are of particular significance: F. vesca L. and F. viridis Weston. The genus Fragaria L. is notable for its high content of diverse classes of biologically active compounds, which exhibit a broad spectrum of pharmacological and physiological activities. This review focuses on two Fragaria species native to the flora of Kazakhstan: F. vesca L. and F. viridis Weston. It summarizes recent advances in their botanical characterization, phytochemical profiling, extraction methodologies, and biological activities. Available evidence indicates that the phytochemical composition of extracts obtained from these species is modulated by a range of environmental and biological factors. These include habitat conditions, climate variability, chemotypic diversity, and the specific extraction protocols applied. Particular emphasis is placed on modern extraction techniques and the identification of low-molecular-weight metabolites. These include anthocyanins, volatile organic compounds, flavonoids, and phenolic acids, which contribute significantly to the observed biological effects. The review findings support the relevance of continued research into the potential application of these species as sources for the development of novel therapeutic and prophylactic agents. In addition, they highlight their promise for use in the formulation of biologically active compounds intended for food supplements and cosmetic products.

Microdosimetric evaluation of a clinical carbon ion beam using a tissue-equivalent proportional counter.

Microdosimetry provides critical insights into radiation quality and relative biological effectiveness (RBE) in carbon ion therapy. However, its application in modern pulsed scanning beams is limited due to detector response challenges at high dose rates. This study evaluates the feasibility of using a commercially available spherical tissue-equivalent proportional counter (TEPC) (LET-1/2, Far West Technologies) to measure microdosimetric spectra in a clinical carbon ion beam, comparing results with Monte Carlo simulations.&#xD;Microdosimetric measurements were performed at the National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO) using the LET-1/2 filled with 33.1 mmHg tissue-equivalent gas to simulate a 1 µm diameter tissue volume. Measurements were conducted at various depths and beam energies, covering a range of LETs. Data were processed to obtain frequency- and dose-weighted lineal energy distributions, from which saturation-corrected dose-mean lineal energy values and RBE calculated with the modified microdosimetric kinetic model were derived. Monte Carlo simulations using TOPAS replicated the experimental setup for comparison.&#xD;TEPC measurements demonstrated reasonable agreement with Monte Carlo simulations when the beam intensity was sufficiently reduced to mitigate pulse pileup. At the standard clinical beam intensity, microdosimetric spectra exhibited distortions due to pulse pileup effects, leading to overestimation of high lineal energy events. However, when the lowest-intensity synchrotron mode was used to achieve reduced beam intensities (~1.5×10⁵ particles/s), agreement between measured and simulated spectra improved significantly, with RBE values derived from the measured spectra agreeing with Monte Carlo predictions to <4%. Background subtraction techniques and repeatability analyses confirmed the robustness of the TEPC measurements under optimized conditions.&#xD;This study establishes conditions under which a TEPC can reliably measure microdosimetric spectra in pulsed carbon ion beams. These findings support its potential for clinical applications, including treatment verification and quality assurance in carbon ion therapy. The results contribute to ongoing efforts in RBE assessment and credentialing for clinical trials.

Enhanced Mechanical and Biological Properties of 3D Gelatin/Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogels Reinforced With TiO2 Nanoparticles for Wound Dressing Applications

ABSTRACTThree‐dimensional porous hydrogel films made of gelatin (Gel) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were developed using the freeze–thaw method, incorporating varying concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%) of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2‐NPs) for potential wound dressing applications. The characterization of these films involved multiple techniques, including scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Key properties such as swelling degree, degradation behavior, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), water contact angle (WCA), mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and in vivo wound healing efficacy were thoroughly analyzed. The observed differences were statistically significant (p &lt; 0.05), confirming the reliability of the improvements. Among the formulations, the Gel/PVA composite with 3% TiO2‐NPs exhibited superior mechanical properties, including a tensile strength of 15.56 MPa, elongation at break of 29.16%, and Young's modulus of 288.7 MPa (p &lt; 0.05). This formulation also demonstrated an optimal 3D network structure, high WVTR (2546.67 g/m2/day), moderate WCA (67.63°), and a degradation rate of 29.4%. The Gel/PVA/3% TiO2‐NPs film showed enhanced compatibility with fibroblast cells and improved wound healing efficacy in vivo compared to the Gel/PVA film alone (p &lt; 0.05). The observed biological performance is attributed to the ability of TiO2‐NPs to enhance cell adhesion and proliferation via improved surface interactions and moderate reactive oxygen species modulation. While previous studies have incorporated TiO2‐NPs into hydrogels, few have systematically compared their physicochemical and biological effects across multiple concentrations in a single formulation. Our findings demonstrate that the 3% TiO2‐NPs composite uniquely balances mechanical strength, degradation rate, and biological efficacy. This study highlights the potential of TiO2‐reinforced Gel/PVA hydrogels to address key limitations of conventional wound dressings, offering a well‐balanced solution in terms of structural integrity, controlled degradation, and enhanced healing response.

Biological Properties Of Monstera Deliciosa Using Zinc Nanoparticles

The tropical Monstera deliciosa is well-known for its aesthetic value as well as its bioactive and therapeutic qualities. The use of metal-based nanoparticles to increase medicinal plants' biological potential has recently become possible because to developments in nanotechnology. The antibacterial, antioxidant, and phytochemical qualities of Monstera deliciosa are the subject of this research, which investigates the effect of zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs) on these biological traits. We used spectroscopic and microscopic techniques, such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD), to determine the structural, morphological, and optical properties of the ZnNPs that were synthesized using both chemical and green methods. By examining its development, biochemical make-up, and the improvement of its bioactive components, the relationship between ZnNPs and Monstera deliciosa was evaluated. Disk diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests were used to assess the antibacterial effectiveness against various bacterial and fungal strains, while assays including DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging were used to quantify the antioxidant activity of plant extracts treated with ZnNPs. The effects of ZnNP exposure on secondary metabolite synthesis were also investigated by phytochemical screening. The findings showed that Monstera deliciosa's antioxidant capacity and antibacterial potential were greatly improved after treatment with ZnNPs, suggesting that ZnNPs may be used as bio stimulants to boost the therapeutic potential of plant-derived extracts. The addition of ZnNPs also affected the production of flavonoids and phenolic compounds, two classes of chemicals with well-documented powerful biological effects. Based on these results, it seems that ZnNPs may be a useful tool for improving medicinal plants' pharmacological effects and creating new nano pharmaceuticals derived from plants. This work sheds fresh light on the use of metal nanoparticles to enhance the biological effectiveness of medicinal plants, which might lead to exciting new developments in the fields of plant sciences and herbal medicine. A novel strategy to bioengineering plant-based therapies is shown by the integration of ZnNPs with Monstera deliciosa. This technique might have important consequences for both the biomedical and agricultural sectors. For nanotechnology to be used safely and sustainably in botanical research, future studies should investigate how ZnNP exposure affects plant physiology over the long run and what consequences this may have on human health.

Impact of CO2‐Induced Aquatic Acidification on Environmental DNA and RNA Shedding and Persistence

ABSTRACTAnticipated future increases in CO2 levels are predicted to have a diverse array of lethal and non‐lethal effects on the marine ecosystem. While there has been extensive research on the physiological impacts of ocean acidification on marine species, our understanding of how increasing levels of carbon dioxide affect the shedding and decay of environmental DNA and RNA (eDNA/eRNA) in marine habitats is limited. This may impede the effective adoption of environmental nucleic acid–based molecular tools for monitoring marine biodiversity and detecting rare or invasive species. In the present study, we conducted mesocosm experiments to determine the shedding and decay rate constants of eDNA and eRNA in M. gigas (Magallana [Crassostrea] gigas) using mitochondrially encoded tRNA leucine 1 (mt‐tl1) marker at various partial pressures of CO2 in seawater. To our knowledge, this is the first study manipulating seawater pH using CO2. We developed a sensitive and specific quantitative PCR‐based assay to detect M. gigas eDNA and eRNA. Higher CO2 levels increased shedding rates, indicating greater organism stress and biological effects on oysters. Additionally, increased CO2 accelerates DNA and RNA decay, suggesting that ocean acidification may impact the reliability of eDNA‐based biodiversity monitoring. Furthermore, eRNA displayed lower steady‐state concentrations and a shorter persistence time in comparison to eDNA, as is consistent with known biochemical properties of the molecules. These findings are presented in the context of previous work that adjusted pH through acid–base adjustment and temperature and highlight the importance of considering ocean acidification caused by differing CO2 levels when using molecular tools for marine conservation and fisheries management.

Preparation, Characterization, and Hepatoprotective Activity Evaluation of Quercetin-loaded Pluronic® F127/Chitosan-Myristic Acid Mixed Micelles.

Quercetin (QTN) is a flavonol antioxidant found in foods, medicinal plants, fruits, vegetables, and beverages. QTN oral consumption produces several biological effects, including antioxidant, cardioprotective, anti-apoptotic, anti-cancer, neuroprotection, anti-hypertensive, and chemo preventive. The study aimed to prepare Pluronic®F127/chitosan-myristic acid copolymer (PF127/C-MAc)-based mixed micelles (QTN MM) to improve the biopharmaceutical and hepatoprotective potential of QTN. QTN MM was developed employing thin-film hydration and optimized using full factorial design (FFD). Optimized QTN MM was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder x-ray diffractometry (PXRD), in vitro dissolution, ex vivo permeation, and in vivo antioxidant activity in carbon tetrachloride (CCL4)-induced albino rats. PF127/C-MAc ratio (1:1) with CMC value ~ 5 μg/mL showed the suitability for MM. Characterization supported the formation of MM. QTN MM revealed prominent encapsulation efficiency and drug loading of about ~ 95.10% and ~ 12.28% w/w, respectively. MM spherical shape of QTN with a smaller particle size of ~ 34.08 nm and a higher zeta potential of ~ 36.24 nm indicated excellent physical stability. Dissolution and ex vivo permeation results revealed higher dissolution and permeation of QTN MM compared to QTN and PM. In vivo antioxidant activity suggested that QTN MM at (~ 20 mg/kg, p.o.) restored the enhanced marker enzyme level compared to QTN. The findings demonstrate that developed QTN MM could be used as an alternative nanocarrier to increase the biopharmaceutical and hepatoprotective potential of QTN and other flavonoids.

Functional Role of Protein Phosphatase-6 (PPP6c): Regulation of Expression and Modulation of Activity.

This review produces information about the role of protein phosphatase-6 (PPP6C) in various biological processes such as cell proliferation, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, autophagy, cell migration and differentiation, and DNA damage repair. The issues of the participation of PPP6C in the formation of tumor progression and the role of PPP6C in the epigenetic regulation of the tumor process are covered. The article presents in detail the classification of mutations depending on the biological effects they have. It has been shown that various types of mutations in the PPP6C gene can change the composition of the heterotrimeric complex, favoring some regulatory subunits over others, which promotes selective dephosphorylation of substrates to maintain cell viability and change their biological behavior. In particular, their proliferative activity is disrupted, leading to mitosis arrest at various cell cycle stages. An increase in the activity of Aurora A or a decrease in the activity of DNA-dependent protein kinase is considered the main molecular mechanism of tumor development associated with the inactivation of the pp6c protein. The article also discusses the topic of pharmacological modulation of PPP6C activity. PP6 is a protein involved in many biological processes. In this regard, it is especially important to clarify the role of each PP6 holoenzyme and the molecular mechanisms that regulate the formation of the PP6 complex. Changes in the activity of this phosphatase can disrupt cell functioning.

Effects of homochromatic lights on the physiological responses and morphochromatic traits of scarlet badis,Dario dario(Hamilton, 1822).

Aquarium fish keeping ranks as the world's second most popular hobby, with a global trade value of 18-20 billion USD annually. Despite its popularity, aquarium lighting is often used for aesthetics without considering its biological effects on fish. This study examined how homochromatic lights affect growth, feed utilization, survival, stress markers, hormone levels, and skin pigmentation in the ornamental fish Dario dario (scarlet badis). Ten male fish (92.79 ± 4.33mg) were stocked per tank and exposed to six light treatments: red light (RL), blue light (BL), green light (GL), white light (WL), ambient light (AL), and dark (D) for 30days under a 12:12-h (light:dark) photoperiod. Among treatments, GL significantly enhanced growth, feed efficiency, and survival. Stress biomarkers, namely superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity, glucose, and cholesterol contents were significantly lower (P < 0.01) under GL, WL, and AL. Fish under GL also had elevated 11-keto testosterone and reduced cortisol levels (P < 0.01), indicating hormonal balance. Visibly, GL-exposed fish displayed more vibrant red bands, confirmed through skin chromaticity analysis and microscopic observation of pigment dispersion in chromatophores. In summary, green light created a favourable environment for D. dario, improving growth, stress reduction, and ornamental value.

Benefits of inulin and fructo-oligosaccharides on high fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus by regulating the gut microbiota in mice.

Benefits of inulin and fructo-oligosaccharides on high fat diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus by regulating the gut microbiota in mice.

Targeting the nuclear orphan receptor NR4A1: a key target in lung cancer progression and therapeutic resistance

As a malignant tumor with high morbidity and mortality, lung cancer is associated with a variety of risk factors, including smoking, exposure to occupational carcinogens, familial inheritance, and chronic lung disease. Lung cancer is often detected late and has a complex pathogenesis, so early diagnosis and intervention of lung cancer are essential. Finding effective targets is important to develop new treatments for lung cancer. As a member of Group 4A of the nuclear receptor subfamily, Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4 Group A Member 1 (NR4A1) is an immediate early gene that encodes a transcription factor that plays a regulatory role when the cell and tissue microenvironment changes. NR4A1 plays a pro-cancer role in solid tumors including lung cancer, but a tumor suppressor role in hematological malignancies. NR4A1 palys a role through multiple mechanisms in lung cancer, including promoting cell proliferation by forming a complex with p300/specific protein 1 (Sp1) and acting on the survivin and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) pathways, promoting metastasis and invasion by inducing the occurrence of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) dependent epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), promoting vascular remodeling by acting on vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), promoting immune escape by acting on programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) dependent T cell exhaustion, promoting cell apoptosis interacted with B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) and promoting metabolic reprogramming by increasing fatty acid oxidation. In recent years, several studies on NR4A1-related agonists and inhibitors in lung cancer have been reported. These compounds are expected to become drugs for targeted tumor therapy, but current research is limited to cellular and animal experiments. It still takes time to verify and evaluate clinical applications, other biological effects and potential side effects. This review summarizes the biological role of NR4A1 in lung cancer and describes the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways regulated by NR4A1. This paper will provide a theoretical basis for the early treatment of lung cancer by using NR4A1-related compounds in the clinic.

Kupffer Cells Regulate iNKT Cells Through Il-12 to Mitigate the Extent of APAP-Induced Damage in the Liver.

To explore the innate immune response in the occurrence and development of APAP-induced drug-induced liver injury and the biological effect caused by the interaction between immune cells through real-time, invivo analysis. We used conventional molecular biology technology and multi-photon confocal live imaging to explore the effect of the interactive dialogue between iNKT and Kupffer cells on neutrophil recruitment in the occurrence and development of APAP-induced liver injury. iNKT cell deficient mice were more prone to liver injury induced by excessive APAP, and the degree of liver injury was more severe. After injury, iNKT cells were recruited into the liver and showed IL-4 high expression activation mode. Furthermore, we also found that Kupffer cells in APAP induced liver injury produce M1 polarisation and highly expressed IL-12, that Kupffer cells regulate the activation of iNKT cells through IL-12; and that IL-4 produced by iNKT cells in the liver can also inhibit inflammatory damage caused by neutrophil recruitment. Our study shows that Kupffer cells produce IL-12 and promote activated iNKT cells to produce more IL-4, and inhibit the recruitment of neutrophils, thereby reducing the degree of liver inflammatory injury induced by APAP.

A Multi‐Analytical Exploration of Flavored Black Teas: Profiling Volatile Compounds, Caffeine Content, and Biological Effects

ABSTRACTThis study aims at investigating the phytochemistry and biological effects of three different flavored black teas from Sweden. Analyses were conducted using gas and liquid chromatography. The major volatile compounds of all the tea samples were found to be linalyl acetate and α‐terpineol. HPLC results indicated caffeine levels of 1.08%, 1.46%, and 1.18% in samples Ht1, Ht2, and Ht3, respectively. Ht1 exhibited the highest antioxidant activity, particularly in DPPH· and ABTS+ radical scavenging capacities (0.15 and 0.21 mgTE/g, respectively). Additionally, Ht1 also showed higher antioxidant activity than the other samples in both CUPRAC and FRAP tests. Metal chelation capacity was highest in Ht3, suggesting significant chelation potential due to nonphenolic components. Ht1 showed strong inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (1.21 mg GALAE/g), butyrylcholinesterase (3.48 mg GALAE/g), and tyrosinase (1.47 mg KAE/g) enzymes. It highlights valuable insights into how different flavor additives may influence the health benefits of tea.

Synergistic effects of oral exclusive enteral nutrition and biologics in induction therapy for adult Crohn's disease: A real-world observational study.

Synergistic effects of oral exclusive enteral nutrition and biologics in induction therapy for adult Crohn's disease: A real-world observational study.