Biological Effects Research Articles

The effects of perfluoroalkyl substance pollution on microbial community and key metabolic pathways in the Pearl River Estuary.

The effects of perfluoroalkyl substance pollution on microbial community and key metabolic pathways in the Pearl River Estuary.

Modulating Proliferation, Migration and Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Using Interleukins

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that are obtained from various tissue sources such as bone marrow, adipose tissues, umbilical cords, dental pulps, and peripheral blood has high regenerative potential, migratory abilities, and immunosuppressive properties. These properties make them attractive candidates for tissue engineering, immunosuppressive therapies, and in vivo drug deliveries. MSCs, because of their high propensity to home in an injured tissue microenvironment, are exposed to various cytokines. These cytokines modulate the activity of MSCs to help in the regeneration of injured tissue. Interleukins are one such cytokine that is present in injured tissue microenvironment and plays significant roles in the activation, differentiation, proliferation, maturation, migration, and adhesion of not only immune cells but also MSCs. Interleukins, through both autocrine and paracrine signaling mechanisms, modulate the functioning of MSCs. This article reviews how interleukins influence MSCs by discussing their signaling pathways, their effect on differentiation and other biological effects. A comprehensive understanding of the influence of interleukins on MSCs may provide insights to manipulate improving the therapeutic potential of MSCs or reducing potential risks such as undesirable immune response and tumor formation.

Size-dependent internalization of polystyrene microplastics as a key factor in macrophages and systemic toxicity.

Size-dependent internalization of polystyrene microplastics as a key factor in macrophages and systemic toxicity.

Regulation of nanomaterials in peripheral nerve regeneration from a microenvironmental perspective: biological effects and mechanisms

Regulation of nanomaterials in peripheral nerve regeneration from a microenvironmental perspective: biological effects and mechanisms

Effects of intracerebroventricular administration of dimethyl sulfoxide on hippocampal electrophysiology in mice.

Effects of intracerebroventricular administration of dimethyl sulfoxide on hippocampal electrophysiology in mice.

Dosimetric performance of cone beam CT-guided adaptive carbon-ion radiotherapy with daily replanning for pancreatic cancer.

Dosimetric performance of cone beam CT-guided adaptive carbon-ion radiotherapy with daily replanning for pancreatic cancer.

Inhibitory effects of nimodipine, nitrendipine and felodipine on tamoxifen metabolism and molecular docking.

Inhibitory effects of nimodipine, nitrendipine and felodipine on tamoxifen metabolism and molecular docking.

Validity and reliability study of 12 Item Pruritus Severity Scale for Turkish patients with burns.

Validity and reliability study of 12 Item Pruritus Severity Scale for Turkish patients with burns.

Cannabis use and psychotic-like experiences: A systematic review of biological vulnerability, potency effects, and clinical trajectories.

Cannabis use and psychotic-like experiences: A systematic review of biological vulnerability, potency effects, and clinical trajectories.

Vaccination against furunculosis and vibriosis as a model of immunization induces transcript cellular stress response in rainbow trout mucosal surfaces.

Vaccination against furunculosis and vibriosis as a model of immunization induces transcript cellular stress response in rainbow trout mucosal surfaces.

From Biofuel to Bioactive Compounds: Investigating Jatropha's Phytochemical and Biological Significance - A Review

Objective: This review study examines Jatropha species' phytochemical and biological features, focusing on their secondary metabolites and biological activities. By integrating current information, the paper aims to support future research. Methods: An extensive PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science search was conducted using "Jatropha," "phytochemicals," and "biological activity" phrases. Peer-reviewed and relevant papers were selected. Jatropha biological activity and phytochemical profiles were included, but irrelevant, non-English, and unaccessible full-text research was excluded. Results: This review paper shows that a wide variety of secondary metabolites, including terpenes, lignans, flavonoids, coumarins, and alkaloids, have been identified in the Jatropha species. These metabolites have many biological properties, including cytotoxicity, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anticancerogenic, antiviral, and insecticidal effects. Conclusion: This study covers Jatropha species' phytochemical and pharmacological properties, emphasizing their use as sources of secondary metabolites with high bioactivity. The summarized data effectively guides future investigations of medical applications of compounds obtained from Jatropha species.

Genomic and circulating tumor DNA landscape in young-onset non-small cell lung cancer.

8528 Background: To explore the underlying biology in young patients (pts) with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we analyzed the genomic diversity of serial circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Methods: We analyzed ctDNA data from a national database Guardant Health NGS panel of 83 loci from a population of 5210 NSCLC pts between the ages of 18-50 collected between 1/20-6/2020, with longitudinal samples from 931 pts (2 samples), 286 pts (3 samples), and 166 pts (> 3 samples) with at least 90 days between the first and last sample. We evaluated statistical significance using Spearman correlation, the Mann-Whitney U test, the signed-rank test, or Fisher’s exact test. We used Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and Ingenuity for genomics and MetaboAnalyst for metabolomic pathway analysis. Results: Out of 5,210 young adult (YA) NSCLC pts, 6,624 liquid NGS tests were conducted, of which 9% of pts were between 18 and 35 years old, defined as very young adults (VYA), and 91% were between 35 and 50 years old, defined as young adults (YA). Overall, mutation frequency increased significantly with age (Spearman r = 0.08, p = 1.9 · 10-10). Most pts were female (2,826, 54%).Mutation frequency was higher in males (Mann-Whitney p = 1.8 · 10⁻⁵). The rate of targetable alterations was 48% in YA and 46% in VYA-NSCLC patients, with EGFR being the most common alteration (24% in YA, 18.4% in VYA). Of the 13 genes with mutation frequencies of at least 5%, there are 11 genes with more alterations in males and 2 in females. Immune-related pathways were infrequently altered (4.8%), while TP53/DNA damage (50%), EGFR/RAS (30%), PI3K (35%), and β-catenin/APC (28%) pathways were frequently altered. Endocrine resistance pathways altered second most (p=0.03), likely due to distinct biology or treatment effects. Metabolomic analysis identified methylation-related pathways (28.6%), including MAT1A, as the most prominent metabolomic pathways (p = 0.02). Longitudinal analysis revealed increased ctDNA burden with tumor progression. Comparing the first-to-last ctDNA in the same pts, we identified genes with distinct patterns of alteration in YA and VYA pts (Tab-1). TP53 and EGFR remain highly mutated but with stable mutation rates (TP53: 51% to 52%, EGFR: 41% to 41%). Conclusions: Targetable alterations are highly prevalent in YA and VYA NSCLC, exhibiting distinct ctDNA mutation frequencies upon serial testing. DNA methylation can potentially regulate gene expression in metabolic pathways, suggesting therapeutic avenues. Highest positive and negative changes in mutation frequencies from first to last sample in YA and VYA NSCLC using Guardant serial ctDNA. Genes in 1st and last sample(Difference range) Young (35-50 Yo) Very young (<35 Yo) Uncorrected Signed Ranked Test P-Value Rise in mut freq.KRASMETBRAFAPCDecline mut freq. in at least one groupPIK3CABRCA2 MYC 0.350.650.500.160.560.081.0 0.250.160.600.33-0.25-0.20-0.20 0.010.000.080.330.010.750.08

Thrombotic response to mechanical circulatory support devices.

Thrombotic response to mechanical circulatory support devices.

Degradation of aqueous 3-tertbutyl-4-hydroxyanisole with co-existing propyl gallate by zero-valent iron activated persulfate: Kinetic study and products identification

Degradation of aqueous 3-tertbutyl-4-hydroxyanisole with co-existing propyl gallate by zero-valent iron activated persulfate: Kinetic study and products identification

Prioritization strategies for non-target screening in environmental samples by chromatography - High-resolution mass spectrometry: A tutorial.

Prioritization strategies for non-target screening in environmental samples by chromatography - High-resolution mass spectrometry: A tutorial.

Kaempferol, a widely ingested dietary flavonoid and supplement, enhances biological performance via hormesis, especially for ageing-related processes.

Kaempferol, a widely ingested dietary flavonoid and supplement, enhances biological performance via hormesis, especially for ageing-related processes.

Biological effects of rapid short pulses of focused ultrasound for drug delivery to the brain.

Biological effects of rapid short pulses of focused ultrasound for drug delivery to the brain.

Chondroitin sulfate and Cys-Ala-Gly peptides coated ZE21B magnesium alloy for enhanced corrosion resistance and vascular compatibility.

Chondroitin sulfate and Cys-Ala-Gly peptides coated ZE21B magnesium alloy for enhanced corrosion resistance and vascular compatibility.

Bioactive peptides as multipotent molecules bespoke and designed for Alzheimer's disease.

Bioactive peptides as multipotent molecules bespoke and designed for Alzheimer's disease.

Targeting PARP-1 in ER-positive endocrine-resistant breast cancer.

1083 Background: Resistance to endocrine therapy (ET) in breast cancer (BC) patients is frequently associated with acquired ESR1 gene mutations like the Y537S, which triggers a constitutive estrogen receptor (ERα) activation. Therefore, the identification of novel therapeutic strategies is crucial for the management of ER-positive, ET-resistant BC. In this context, PARP1 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) has emerged as a promising therapeutic target, based on its involvement in the regulation of oxidative DNA damage in BC cells. Methods: Data from the METABRIC dataset were used to assess the clinical relevance of PARP-1 in ER-positive BC patients. As experimental models, MCF7 and T47D BC cell lines expressing ERα wild type (wt) or Y537S mutation were used. PARP-1 regulation was investigated by western blotting, immunofluorescence, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. Gene expression, promoter assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) studies allowed us to analyze the transcriptional activity mediated by ERα. Cell cycle, proliferation and colony formation experiments as well as in vivo studies were performed to evaluate the biological effects of the PARP-1 inhibitor niraparib. Results: We observed that the up-regulation of PARP-1 upon exposure to 17β-estradiol (E 2 ) occurs through ERα in BC cells expressing either ERα wt or Y537S mutation. Moreover, we assessed that the transcriptional activity of ERα relies on PARP-1, as demonstrated by the ability of nirabarib to prevent the transactivation of ERα and the regulation of ERα target genes. In addition, niraparib halted the proliferation and cycle progression of BC cells expressing either ERα wt or Y537S mutation. Of note, niraparib suppressed primary tumor growth in xenograft tumors derived from ERα Y537S mutated MCF7 cells. Conclusions: Our data suggest that crosstalk between PARP-1 and ERα is involved in the proliferative responses of ERα wt or Y537S mutated BC cells. Therefore, targeting PARP-1 could provide a promising strategy to overcome the ET resistance of BC cells.