To evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary clinical activity of UTAA06, an "off-the-shelf" allogeneic B7-H3-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-Vδ1T cell therapy, in patients with pretreated, advanced B7-H3-positive solid tumors. In this first-in-human, phase I, dose-escalation study (NCT06372236), ten patients with advanced solid tumors (including gastric, colorectal, hepatocellular, ovarian, and neuroendocrine cancers) were enrolled. Following lymphodepletion chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and fludarabine), patients received UTAA06 infusion across three dose levels (5×10⁸, 8×10⁸, or 1×10⁹ cells). The primary endpoint was safety. Secondary endpoints included pharmacokinetics and anti-tumor efficacy. UTAA06 demonstrated a manageable safety profile; no graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) was observed, and cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was limited to two transient Grade 1 events. A single dose-limiting toxicity (Grade 3 pneumonitis) was reported in one patient at the 5×10⁸ cells dose level. While UTAA06 demonstrated signals of biological activity, including transient reductions in serum tumor markers in 50% of patients, no objective response by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1 criteria was observed. Further analysis identified that the limited CAR-T cell persistence was likely driven by subclinical host-versus-graft rejection (HvGR). This study provides clinical proof-of-concept for allogeneic B7-H3-targeted CAR-Vδ1T cells as a safe platform with low risk of GvHD and demonstrable biological activity in solid tumors. However, clinical efficacy was constrained by limited cellular persistence caused by host immune rejection. Future strategies are required to enhance the durability and therapeutic potential of this allogeneic approach.

Aminophenoxazinones (APOs) are potent phytotoxic metabolites and histone deacetylase inhibitors, offering a low-resistance bioherbicide profile. This research synthesized a library of APO derivatives with targeted modifications to optimize physicochemical properties and biological activity using oxidative cyclocondensation. Purification challenges from strong compound-solid phase interactions were overcome by using centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC). Phytotoxicity was screened against Lolium rigidum, Portulaca oleracea, and Plantago lanceolata. While germination remained largely unaffected, compounds 10 and 11 caused significant root inhibition (77% and 89%, respectively for P. oleracea) at 1000 μM. Specifically, 11 reached inhibition levels comparable to the positive control, pendimethalin (86% for P. oleracea). Following a detailed structure-activity relationship analysis, 10 emerged as the most potent candidate, exhibiting an IC50 of 4.5 μM against P. oleracea roots, considerably lower than that of natural APO (332.5 μM). These findings strongly validate this rational design and purification strategy, positioning 10 as a valuable agrochemical lead for sustainable weed management.

Biopesticides constitute a category of natural products and organisms effective against pests. Given their advantages, such as easier clearance and degradation compared to chemical pesticides, along with their lack of detrimental effects on ecosystem health, they represent a promising alternative for sustainable pest management and crop protection. The development of natural biopesticides to substitute synthetic pesticides is therefore of paramount importance for securing food safety and advancing agricultural production. Monoterpenes, primarily present in plant volatile oils, are characterized by a strong aroma and a range of biological activities-including insecticidal, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antitumor, and anticancer effects. This profile renders them a promising platform for the research and development of new, more effective pesticides. This article reviews the biosynthetic pathways of monoterpenes and contemporary engineering strategies for their microbial synthesis. Additionally, an evolutionary analysis database for monoterpene synthases (MTPS) has been established. Finally, the biological activities of monoterpenes are summarized and analyzed, with particular emphasis on their potential and advantages as biopesticides, thereby providing direction for the future development of monoterpene-based biopesticides.

Background and aim Snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) are abundant multidomain enzymes with diverse biological functions. This study aimed to purify and characterize a novel SVMP, CcVMP-III, from Cerastes cerastes venom and assess its protective effects in pulmonary embolism murine model. Experimental approach CcVMP-III (110 kDa) was purified by chromatographic techniques and partially sequenced using N-terminal and LC-MS/MS analyses. Biological activities were evaluated using coagulation parameters (aPTT, TT, PT), clot degradation, and fibrin plate lysis. Thromboprotective efficacy was assessed using a thrombin-induced pulmonary embolism model. Key findings CcVMP-III was identified as a class-III SVMP containing metalloproteinase, disintegrin-like, and cysteine-rich domains. It selectively prolonged aPTT and TT without affecting PT and exhibited strong fibrinolytic and thrombolytic activities. In vivo, it significantly prevented pulmonary thrombus formation, demonstrating marked thromboprotective efficacy. Conclusion These findings emphasize the potential of CcVMP-III as a promising thromboprotective agent that may mitigate morbidity and mortality associated with thromboembolic events.

Ongoing efforts to investigate natural products with potential biological relevance continue to motivate research on medicinal plants. This study focused on isolating and characterizing secondary metabolites from the leaves of Piper porphyrophyllum collected in West Sumatra, and on evaluating the biological activity of the isolated compounds using both in vitro and in silico methods. The plant material was extracted, fractionated, and purified using chromatographic techniques, and mass spectrometry (MS), Ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy were employed to establish the structure of the isolated compound. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated against MCF-7 breast cancer cells using the MTT assay, and molecular docking studies were performed with multiple proteins involved in breast cancer pathways. The investigation yielded 5,7-dimethoxyflavone, which showed cytotoxicity with an IC₅₀ of 9.94 μg/mL. Docking simulations suggested possible interactions with ERα, CDK4, CDK6, CDK2, and Bcl-xL, with binding scores of -7.8, -8.8, -8.8, -8.5, and -9.2 kcal/mol, respectively. The data suggests that 5,7-dimethoxyflavone is promising, and merits further examination for its relevance to breast cancer-related molecular targets.

Replacing benzene rings with C(sp3)-rich bioisosteres to yield compounds with improved drug-like properties is an attractive strategy in medicinal chemistry. While many caged hydrocarbons have been validated as bioisosteres of ortho- and meta-disubstituted benzenes, 3D analogues of 1,2,4-trisubstituted benzenes-the second most prevalent benzenoid pattern in drugs-remain elusive because vector fidelity and enantioselective access are still formidable challenges. Here we report a practical route to (enantiomerically pure) 2-thiabicyclo[3.1.1]heptanes (thia-BCHeps) by cycloadditions of bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes with 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol. This method produces cycloadducts with two and three exit vectors, which serve as promising bioisosteres for ortho-substituted and 1,2,4-trisubstituted benzenes, respectively. Moreover, the cycloadducts can be transformed into a diverse chemical space, including 1,5-disubstituted thiabicyclo[3.1.1]heptenes. Crystallographic analysis and a comparison of the pharmacokinetic properties, along with an evaluation of the biological activity of diflunisal, salicylanilide and the anticancer drug sonidegib, in relation to their 3D thia-BCHep analogues, demonstrate that the thia-BCHeps obtained can provide new surrogates for 1,2,4-trisubstituted, meta- and ortho-substituted benzene rings in drug discovery programmes.

This study investigates the supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) extraction method for obtaining chemical profiles and biological activities of four Helichrysum species: Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don, Helichrysum plicatum DC., Helichrysum sanguineum (L.) Kostel. and Helichrysum stoechas (L.) Moench. ScCO2 extraction is regarded as an efficient and environmentally friendly technique for producing high-quality plant extracts; however, comparative data on bioactivity and chemical composition among Helichrysum species remain limited. Aerial parts of the species were collected and extracted using ScCO2 at 20 MPa and 40 °C. The extracts were analyzed for chemical composition and phenolic profiles, and their antioxidant, α-glucosidase inhibitory and antimicrobial activities were evaluated. The highest extraction yield was obtained from H. italicum (28.7 g kg-1), whereas H. stoechas showed the lowest yield (10.4 g kg-1). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis identified (Z)-13-octadecenal (0-27.11%) and 9-octadecenoic acid (33.18-58.79%) as the dominant constituents across the species, indicating a clear prevalence of unsaturated fatty acids in ScCO2 extracts. Phenolic composition varied among species, with luteolin identified as the predominant compound in all extracts. Helichrysum plicatum exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity based on 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (i.e. ABTS)•+ radical scavenging activity [i.e. extract concentration providing 50% inhibition (IC50)], whereas H. sanguineum showed the strongest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50). Antimicrobial assays demonstrated moderate to strong inhibitory effects against both bacterial and yeast strains. Furthermore, ADMET analysis indicated favorable acute toxicity and pharmacokinetic profiles for major phytochemicals, and molecular docking revealed that luteolin, epicatechin and chlorogenic acid exhibited the most favorable binding affinities with selected target proteins. The results demonstrate that ScCO2 extracts of Helichrysum species possess notable bioactive properties, with significant interspecific variation in chemical composition and biological activity, highlighting their potential for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. © 2026 Society of Chemical Industry.

Bioengineered polycaprolactone nanofibers co-loaded with RGD and asiatic acid for dentin-pulp regeneration.

In this study, gold nanoparticles were synthesized using an extract ofKalanchoe daigremontiana(K. daigremontiana) and biologically evaluated against the crude extract. The effects of both treatments were assessed in Jurkat T-cell leukemia cells, as a cancer model, and in 3T3-L1 fibroblasts, as a non-malignant control. Nanoparticle characterization revealed polyhedral AuNPs with an average diameter of 125.49 nm and an organic surface coating derived from the plant extract. Biological activity was evaluated using cell viability (MTT assay), intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) quantification, and plasma membrane permeability assays. TheK. daigremontiana-derived AuNPs exhibited selective, concentration-dependent cytotoxicity toward Jurkat cells through a multifactorial mechanism involving enhanced cellular uptake, oxidative stress induction, and membrane integrity disruption, while sparing non-malignant fibroblasts. In contrast, the crude extract induced a plateau-like cytotoxic response in 3T3-L1 fibroblasts (maximum cell death of 37.72%) and only mild cytotoxicity in Jurkat cells (18.23% at 150 μg ml-1), consistent with predominantly ROS-independent activity. This comparative analysis demonstrates that green synthesis of AuNPs fundamentally alters the biological mechanism ofK. daigremontiana, highlighting the added therapeutic potential of plant-derived AuNPs for leukemia treatment.

D-dopachrome tautomerase (D-DT), also known as macrophage migration inhibitory factor-2, is a member of the MIF cytokine family and plays a key role in cancer and inflammation. Molecules that bind to the D-DT or MIF-1 tautomerase site could block their biological activity. However, relatively few D-DT inhibitors have been reported. In this study, we designed, synthesized, and screened a focused compound library. This led to the identification of 4h, a furan-2-carboxylic acid derivative with IC50 values of 2.4 μM for D-DT and 9.8 μM for MIF-1. Subsequent SAR optimization yielded the more potent inhibitor 10b, exhibiting IC50 values of 1.5 μM for D-DT and 1.0 μM for MIF-1. The specific interactions of 4h with D-DT and MIF-1 were explored using 1H-15N NMR endpoint titrations. 4h also inhibited D-DT-induced ERK phosphorylation in A549 cells. Thus, 4h and 10b represent a new class of inhibitors that can be utilized as tools to investigate the biological functions of D-DT and MIF-1.

Hair loss and skin conditions have a detrimental influence on personality, health, and quality of life (QoL). Herbs from Ayurveda, such as ashwagandha having multimodal biological activities, are being researched as potential remedies for this issue. This prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparative trial was carried out to evaluate the safety and efficacy of standardized Ashwagandha root extract on skin and hair related metrics in healthy adults.Participants between 18 and 60 years with hair loss or skin conditions were randomized to receive either an Ashwagandha capsule (300 mg/twice daily) or a Placebo treatment. The participants were assessed on Day 1 and 75 for change in efficacy indices, which included Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), TrichoScan hair parameters, and quality of life (QoL). The Ashwagandha group demonstrated greater improvement in TEWL and a substantial improvement in hair-related parameters (density, growth, anagen, telogen, and anagen: telogen ratio) compared to Placebo (p < 0.05) on day 75. When compared to the placebo, the Ashwagandha group demonstrated significant improvement in skin specific QoL, evidenced by a lower DLQI score (p < 0.05). Similarly, hair-specific QoL was considerably improved, as revealed by a lower score on the Hair-specific Skindex-29 compared to the Placebo (p < 0.05). The oral administration of Ashwagandha root extractfor 75 days improved skin-related and hair-related parameters. No adverse drug events were encountered. Therefore, Ashwagandha root extract can hold promises for enhancing the skin and hair quality in healthy adults.

Molecular representation learning (MRL) is critical in computational chemistry and drug discovery, paving the way for efficient molecular properties and biological activity prediction. However, existing sequence-based or graph-based MRL methods emphasize static and intrinsic molecular topological features while ignoring dynamic and interactive chemical knowledge, resulting in insufficient generalization ability. MolR meets this challenge by leveraging the equivalence of molecules participating in chemical reactions in embedding space to assist in learning molecular representations. However, it can suffer from unsatisfactory performance because it lacks reaction center information and the complex relationship between reactions, which provides a deeper understanding of the chemical processes. We propose ReMol, an elaborate chemical reaction knowledge-guided self-supervised molecular image representation learning framework to address this issue. The ReMol framework integrates comprehensive reaction inductive biases, including reaction templates and consistency, and diversity in chemical reactions. Experimental results demonstrate that our framework achieves state-of-the-art results compared with cutting-edge methods on various challenging downstream tasks, such as chemical reaction and molecular property prediction tasks. Overall, our work offers a robust tool for advancing chemistry research, with the potential to make significant contributions to both molecular representation learning and drug discovery.

MPKaDB: A pKaDatabase for Exploring pH Dependence in Membrane Proteins.

The biodiversity of seaweed encompasses a wide array of potential bioactive compounds applicable to various industries, particularly pharmaceuticals. This study aimed to collect seaweed diversity data from Panjang Island, Jepara, Central Java, Indonesia, and to identify the bioactive compounds and biological activity of each seaweed species for preliminary screening. Random sampling was used to collect the sample. Qualitative identification of bioactive compounds was performed using the maceration method for extraction, phytochemical screening tests, and pigment identification based on Rf values on TLC. Antibacterial screening tests were performed against Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria, followed by testing against pathogenic fungi (C. albicans) using the disk diffusion method, and an antioxidant test using the DPPH method. The results showed that six species from three phyla (Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, and Rhodophyta) exhibited distinct morphological characteristics, and the types of bioactive compounds produced by each species differed. The biological activity test results showed a low inhibitory activity. Antibacterial and antifungal biological activities were at the value of (&lt;5 mm), and antioxidant biological activity was (&gt;750 ppm). However, the active compounds and pigments with potential antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant properties can be optimized in various fields of bioindustry in the future.

Glycosylation control strategies for recombinant therapeutic proteins in CHO cells.

Winter CO2 temporal variations in a northern temperate bay: role of biological processes.

A review of yellow Monascus pigments with recent updates: Separation and identification, biosynthesis, biological activities, production and application.

Effects of quinolone antibiotics on spearmint (Mentha spicata L.) cuttings: Insights into growth, biological activity, and computational modeling perspectives

Structural analysis, pharmacological mechanism, pharmaceutics, and comparison of differences between raw and processed product of polysaccharide from Rehmannia glutinosa: A review.

Green synthesis of nano pyrazolone disperse reactive dyes containing sulfonyl ethyl hydrogen sulfate group and their effect in dyeing performance and biological activity on pure, blend and modified fabrics