This study describes the development and physicochemical and microbiological characterization of an innovative functional paçoca, integrating the tambaqui fish (colossoma macropomum) to a strategic mix composed of chia, flaxseed, cashew nuts, pumpkin and sesame oilseeds. The research is based on the need to create food alternatives that help combat Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) and that value the resources of Amazonian biodiversity. The methodology involved dehydrating the fish and formulating a nutrient-rich matrix. Laboratory analyses revealed a product of high nutritional density, presenting an expressive protein value of 23.27% and 19.46% of lipids favorable due to the presence of essential fatty acids such as omega-3 and omega-6. The low humidity 6.85%, ensures microbiological stability and food safety and the preservation of the characteristic texture of the product. The results demonstrate that paçoca fully meets the requirements of RIISPOA and IN 01/2019, configuring itself as a viable technological innovation for regional psychoculture. It is concluded that the product combines regional tradition with scientific innovation, offering a practical and healthy food with great market potential and a positive impact on the bioeconomy of the North region.

This study aimed to describe and analyze the potential biodiversity of Jombang Regency that can be integrated into biology learning to equip students with sustainability values. The research method used was descriptive qualitative. The data sources consisted of: (1) biodiversity data from Jombang obtained from 18 articles resulting from student research projects selected using a purposive sampling technique; (2) biology learning profile data collected from 25 senior high school biology teachers from 13 schools in Jombang using snowball sampling; and (3) data from 20 articles obtained through a systematic literature review from Google Scholar and the SINTA portal using the keywords “biodiversity”, “environmental utilization”, and “biology learning”. The results showed that seven types of invertebrates and one type of vertebrate were found in various ecosystems, such as surrounding environments, gardens, parks, residential areas, rice fields, fields, ponds, and forests. These biodiversity resources have the potential to be utilized as learning resources and teaching materials, such as modules and booklets, to improve students’ knowledge, reading interest, learning motivation, critical thinking skills, biological literacy, and environmental awareness. In addition, biodiversity-based learning can also foster sustainability values, including critical thinking, systems thinking, self-awareness, collaboration, anticipatory competence, normative competence, strategic competence, and problem-solving skills in biology learning. The conclusion of this study indicates that biodiversity in Jombang has the potential to be utilized in biology learning as learning resources and teaching materials that enhance students’ skills while instilling sustainability values. This effort also supports the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goals 14 and 15. Keywords: Biodiversity, Biology Learning, Jombang, Sustainability Values

This study assessed community participation in the implementation of the Landscape and Wildlife Indicators (LAWIN) Forest and Biodiversity Protection System in the municipalities of Pinukpuk and Balbalan, Kalinga. Specifically, it examined participation in planning and decision-making, monitoring and reporting, community engagement and support activities, and perceived support for participation, as well as the experiences and challenges encountered by community members. The study employed a descriptive-qualitative research design, utilizing interviews, observations, and document analysis to gather rich data from community members, Indigenous Peoples, Barangay Officials, and LAWIN patrollers. The qualitative findings revealed several key themes influencing participation: spatial challenges, including unfamiliarity with forest areas and difficulty in navigation; environmental and weather conditions, such as heavy rainfall, fog, and water scarcity; technological limitations, including device malfunctions, battery depletion, and uneven technical competence; community engagement and support, emphasizing cooperation, guidance, and coordination among Indigenous Peoples and local officials; and forest threats and environmental risks, such as kaingin, illegal logging, hunting, and general environmental degradation. These findings indicate that while community participation is active and contributes significantly to forest protection, operational efficiency and sustainability are constrained by environmental, technological, and capacity-related factors. Based on these results, the study recommends targeted interventions including capacity-building programs for navigation and safety, digital literacy and technological support, strengthened collaboration and participatory governance, environmental awareness campaigns, and sustainable livelihood initiatives to mitigate harmful practices. Enhancing these areas is critical to improving the effectiveness, inclusiveness, and sustainability of LAWIN implementation, ultimately supporting the protection of forest and biodiversity resources in the study areas.

The pharmaceutical industry is undergoing a crucial transformation toward sustainability, driven by the urgent need to reduce environmental harm while maintaining innovation in drug discovery and development. Next-generation green pharma integrates biodiversity, green chemistry, biotechnology, and artificial intelligence (AI) to create more eco-friendly and efficient drug production processes. Nature remains a vast source of bioactive compounds, with plants, microbes, and marine organisms offering promising therapeutic potential. Advances in synthetic biology, CRISPR gene editing and metabolic engineering enable the sustainable synthesis of natural compounds, reducing reliance on resource-intensive extraction methods. In addition, green chemistry techniques, such as biocatalysis and supercritical fluid extraction, minimize hazardous waste and lower energy consumption. AI and machine learning accelerate drug discovery by efficiently identifying novel compounds, reducing the need for traditional, time-consuming experimental methods. However, the shift to sustainable pharma faces challenges, including ethical concerns over bioprospecting, conservation efforts, and fair benefit-sharing of biodiversity resources. As industries and policymakers increasingly focus on sustainability, the pharmaceutical sector is poised to embrace greener practices, ensuring both human health advancements and environmental protection. This paper explores the transformative potential of green pharmaceuticals and their role in shaping a sustainable future for medicine.

FishBase, a global biodiversity information system on finfishes (www.fishbase.org), is a knowledge resource for the management and conservation of fishes. It is the largest and most frequently accessed online database on fishes. This multifunctional ecological tool, widely cited in scientific publications, reached the top 1% of all cited items published in the 21st and 20th centuries. Recently, it attracted >1200 citations/year in the peer-reviewed literature. FishBase receives ca. 80 million hits/month (2023) and up to 1 million visits from over 300 000 unique users monthly. The FishBase Consortium scientifically guides the development and functioning of FishBase and SeaLifeBase (www.sealifebase.org), a similar information platform for marine organisms other than fishes with a focus on policy-relevant species. FishBase is an intensively used resource in fish parasitology, rendering parasitologists among the users most frequently citing FishBase. Conversely, the FishBase tools that pertain to fish parasites and diseases are underdeveloped compared to other applications within the database. Hence, parasitologists mainly use FishBase to find information on fishes but not on parasites. They rarely contribute data themselves to FishBase, and new fish-related results in parasitological literature go largely unnoticed. This also relates to, and exacerbates, the limited extent to which biodiversity databases of hosts and their pathogens are, in general, interoperable. FishBase and comparable informatics resources for aquatic biodiversity, such as the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), and the Freshwater Animal Diversity Assessment (FADA), mostly inaccurately reflect host-parasite relationships. The information they contain on aquatic parasites is far from complete. Fish parasites constitute risks because of their potential pathogenicity towards their hosts, while also providing important ecosystem services to their hosts and ecosystems, e.g., related to the development of immunity, the regulation of energy fluxes and populations, and the maintenance of species-richness. Parasites are especially abundant, diverse, and impactful in ecotones such as wetlands. Lack of accessible information on the parasites of fishes, therefore, is a limitation to the management and conservation of wetland fishes in situ and ex situ. The principal investigators of the Aquatic Biodiversity team at Hasselt University focus on fish parasitology, ichthyology, wetland monitoring, and the management of aquatic ecosystems. In collaboration with the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, an observer within the FishBase Consortium, they initiated and obtained funding for a network of national and international partners to support the FishBase Consortium in: updating information on host-parasite links underlying parasitological and pathological tools within FishBase, and expanding these tools for diagnostics; mainstreaming information on fish (parasites) in response to priorities proposed by stakeholders; and developing (inter)national ichthyo(parasito)logical capacity through training and awareness raising. updating information on host-parasite links underlying parasitological and pathological tools within FishBase, and expanding these tools for diagnostics; mainstreaming information on fish (parasites) in response to priorities proposed by stakeholders; and developing (inter)national ichthyo(parasito)logical capacity through training and awareness raising. This project builds on the expertise of 22 Flemish and 48 international partners, encompassing stakeholders from universities, natural history institutions, other governmental research institutes, public aquariums, and the policy, non-profit and private sectors. Referring to empirical data on, e.g., the weatherfish Misgurnus fossilis, we hope to grasp this short introduction to our project as opportunity to hear from the audience how our approach can contribute to understand and conserve European wetland fishes.

Ethiopia is one of the richest centres in faunal, floral, and microbial diversity in the world. Conservation practices and policies have been variably successful in recent years. This review paper was initiated to assess the status of Biodiversity, threats, and conservation efforts in Ethiopia. The causes of biodiversity loss, including habitat destruction, invasive alien species, over-harvesting of biodiversity resources, and species homogeneity in agriculture, are all essential biological drivers of the loss of biological diversity. All of these factors share a commonality: they are all human-driven. More research is needed in this area. It is also debatable and questioned whether existing biodiversity-conservation strategies provide adequate responses to these core causes of biodiversity loss and are capable of effectively counteracting the loss of biodiversity-related cultural values, biological species, and ecosystems. Conservation of genetic resources may be warranted for future genetic improvement of plants and livestock. Through bio prospecting, which adds value to biodiversity by undertaking exploration, assessment, and conservation, the country will reap impressive economic, social, and cultural benefits. This review is relevant to the study area, which engages in participatory community-based management techniques, and sector-based conservation and integration should minimise biodiversity conservation loss, while also incorporating social, cultural, and economic considerations. Finally, the findings suggest that a widespread perception among local communities is that biodiversity is facing challenges. This implies that engaging with local communities and incorporating their perspectives in biodiversity and ecosystem conservation strategies is crucial for the adequate protection and restoration of biodiversity.

ABSTRACTThe English Channel features a wide range of ecological habitats that host numerous biodiversity resources and are submitted to natural and/or anthropogenic pressures. During the ‘EcoPel’ oceanographic campaigns (spring and summer 2018) in French waters of the English Channel and North Sea, a variety of coastal pelagic habitats were sampled for analysing environmental variables and bacterial communities. Results of PCA suggest that main environmental variables were SPM, POM, PIM, salinity and NO2−/NO3+ in spring and salinity, SPM, Si and Chl‐a in summer. The Shannon index suggested summer alpha diversity had higher richness and equitability compared to spring. A clear seasonality in the bacterial community structure was also revealed by hierarchical cluster analysis. Most of the spring communities had a higher proportion of Bacteroidetes while most of the summer communities had a higher proportion of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia and Planctomycetes. Based on distance correlations and statistical significance, the spring taxonomic composition was correlated with Chl‐a, PO4, POM, SPM and PIM, while the summer composition was correlated with salinity. According to hierarchical cluster analyses, both environmental variables and bacterial communities seem to be clustered in parallel with the coast, evidencing the main influence of coastal‐offshore gradients and implying possible links with river inputs and phytoplankton/algae dynamics.

The Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Measures (OECMs) have recently been recognized as a viable tool for conserving biodiversity beyond protected areas. As a new concept, it is essential to evaluate the current knowledge on OECMs and their prospects for conserving biodiversity resources outside protected areas. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on key concepts, including OECMs, governance, and biodiversity, using the Publish or Perish Software Program in Google Scholar. Out of the total 200 articles identified through the keywords, 54 were shortlisted for a comprehensive full-text review. Based on the closeness of the study objectives to our research questions, 27 articles were selected for detailed analysis. As no journal articles related to the OECM in Nepal were found within the set time frame, contemporary policies and legal documents of Nepal were also reviewed. Additionally, to account for the lengthy publication process, a few more recent journal articles were also reviewed. The review revealed that nearly half of the studies (13) focused on global and regional scales, while eight studies were conducted in eight different countries, and two studies in each of three additional countries. Recent studies on the integration of OECM principles in Nepal’s forestry sector policies and practices were also reviewed. Community-led conservation, supported by coordination and collaboration among multilevel governance systems - including both state and non-state actors-has been found effective in conserving biodiversity resources outside protected areas. However, further studies on natural resources governance beyond protected areas are needed to ensure long-term in-situ conservation of biodiversity through the OECM model.

To ensure that climate action and biodiversity obligations are met, the rapid growth of the renewable energy industry must be accompanied by tools to monitor, protect and enhance the biodiversity surrounding renewable energy infrastructures. The United Nations System of Environmental Economic Accounting-Ecosystem Accounting (SEEA-EA) provides a statistical framework to measure and document positive and negative changes in ecosystem extent and quality. Using a spatially explicit approach, this framework can provide industries with a standardised, measurable, verifiable, and reportable approach to ecosystem management. However, accounting for biodiversity, particularly at smaller site-specific scales, is underdeveloped in the SEEA-EA. Here, we use the SEEA-EA to develop biodiversity-themed ecosystem extent and condition accounts for onshore windfarms and provide a management tool for operators, enabling them to understand the extent of the habitats present, and their ability to provide resources for biodiversity. We added a new step into the condition account process to facilitate the incorporation of variables for biodiversity. Application of the methodology highlighted considerable biodiversity potential of some habitats, particularly peatland, marsh, and freshwater systems. The spatially explicit methodology clearly identified locations where improved management could enhance biodiversity. Implementing the SEEA-EA framework is standardised and repeatable, and its flexibility allows for accounts to be built at site-scale for a variety of land-uses and habitats. The development of biodiversity-themed ecosystem accounts for the onshore wind energy industry demonstrates the utility of the SEEA-EA to inform local management decisions across a sector that is critical for climate change mitigation.

High-quality reference genomes are critical resources for understanding biodiversity and supporting conservation efforts. We present the chromosome-level assembly of the Spanish moon moth,Actias isabellae (Graells, 1849), a nocturnal lepidopteran protected under the EU Habitats Directive. The assembly spans 0.56 Gb across 31 pseudomolecules, including the Z chromosome, with a contig N50 of 18.9 Mb and a scaffold N50 of 20.4 Mb. The mitochondrial genome was also assembled into a 15,247 bp circular sequence. Annotation identified 11,805 protein-coding genes and 2,238 non-coding genes, with a BUSCO completeness of over 94%. Notably, no W chromosome was detected, suggesting a ZZ/Z0 sex determination system. This reference genome provides an essential foundation for studying sex chromosome evolution in Lepidoptera and enables advanced population genomics monitoring of this protected species. More broadly, it contributes to ongoing efforts within the European Reference Genome Atlas and the Earth BioGenome Project to harness genomics for biodiversity conservation.

Marine biodiversity collections are critical resources for understanding biodiversity and evolutionary patterns. However, their taxonomic utility is limited due to challenges in morphological identification and cryptic speciation, particularly in sponges (Porifera). This study applied a novel target-enriched multilocus assay to a decades-old unidentified collection of Tethyidae from the Queensland Museum. Target-specific baits were designed based on Tethya genome data, enabling the sequencing of nuclear ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and mitochondrial genomes, even from degraded samples. In the study, 40 specimens were sequenced, and we found up to 4,440 UCEs per sample. The phylogenies were based on up to 2,788 loci and demonstrated overall high bootstrap support. Results include robust support for earlier findings on the non-monophyly of Tethya, with lineages linking to other genera (e.g., Stellitethya, Tethycometes), suggesting that Tethya is a paraphyletic group foundational to Tethyidae. Morphological subgroupings, previously hypothesized, were validated genetically, though several novel relationships emerged. This approach highlights the suitability of target-enriched multilocus assays for archival collections, enabling detailed biodiversity assessments using collection material initially not sampled for molecular work. Our Tethya case study underlines that this methodology provides a framework for broader applications in marine biodiversity conservation, facilitating the understanding and preservation of past and present biodiversity to guide future efforts.

ABSTRACT Accurate identification of tree species is essential to monitor forest resources for climate change mitigation, biodiversity, and forest certification schemes. However, differentiating among species using remotely sensed data is challenging due to the similarity of spectral features. Here, we show that accuracy of species identification can be improved by incorporating phenological information derived from a time-series of multisource remote sensing data. Using the Google Earth Engine platform, we obtained a 4-year (2019–2022) time series of satellite imagery covering multiple phenological periods in mixed-species forests. This dataset was processed using Savitzky-Golay filtering and first-order spectral differential transformation to identify five dominant tree species through the Forest-Evergreen and Deciduous Forest-Tree Species Hierarchical Classification System (FEDT) with the Random Forest (RF) machine learning algorithm. The integration of phenological data, spectral indices and differential transformations achieved an overall accuracy of 0.82 and kappa coefficient of 0.75, compared to an overall accuracy of 0.76 and kappa coefficient of 0.68, respectively, when using spectral indices alone. Our findings highlight the value of time-series phenological analysis for enhancing the accuracy of tree species identification, providing a scalable method for improved monitoring of forest resources at regional to global scales.

Abstract Airborne environmental DNA (eDNA) is a rich resource for understanding biodiversity, but its wider application is hindered by its complex collection methods and unknown sampling time effects. To develop a passive sampling scheme that is effective and convenient, we systematically compared the performance of an array of materials, namely common filter membranes, electrostatic dust cloth [EDC] and coated microscope slides, for collecting airborne eDNA under a natural setting in two seasons. Metabarcoding analysis of the captured eDNA revealed a rich diversity of plants (485 taxa) and vertebrates (132 taxa), but different samplers varied significantly in detecting that taxonomic richness, with EDC strongly outperforming the other materials. Our investigation of sampling time effects showed a rapid, daily compositional turnover of plant assemblages uncovered by airborne eDNA. Using EDC, prolonged sampling was negatively correlated with the detected plant richness but positively so with animal richness. Overall, we provide empirical evidence for a very simple and economical passive sampler of airborne eDNA that can effectively detect considerable biodiversity in natural environments. Our findings also support the use of airborne eDNA for monitoring plant and fungal phenology and community shifts at a high temporal resolution.

Book review: Rashed Al Mahmud Titumir, Tanjila Afrin and Mohammad Saeed Islam (Eds.), <i>Natural Resource Degradation and Human–Nature Wellbeing: Cases of Biodiversity Resources, Water Resources, and Climate Change</i>

The checklist of the vascular flora in the river valleys of the Altay region (Xinjiang, China) was painstakingly compiled. We synthesized data from a variety of sources, including relevant literature, online databases, herbarium collections, and three years of dedicated floristic field surveys. In total, we observed and collated information on 213 species, which belong to 45 families and 124 genera. Among the growth forms, herbs were preponderant, accounting for 89.20%, closely followed by shrubs at 9.39%. Notably, our research uncovered 5 species of endemics in China and 9 threatened species within the Altay Valley. For each species included in this checklist, we have presented detailed information such as growth form, voucher specimens, habitat, and distribution range. Our findings are not only crucial for river management and local community-based river conservation efforts in the Altay region but also hold significant value for conservationists worldwide. These results can serve as the foundation for making critical decisions aimed at safeguarding this invaluable biodiversity resource.

ABSTRACTYunnan Province in China, with its unique natural conditions, has nurtured abundant yet fragile biodiversity resources. The Toxicodendron vernicifluum is one of the important tree species in Yunnan, valued for its ecological, economic, and medicinal significance. However, due to a lack of related research and limited germplasm resources, breeding and propagation of the T. vernicifluum have lagged behind other tree species. To address this shortcoming, we collected 36 samples of T. vernicifluum germplasm from six representative populations in different regions of Yunnan Province. Combining phenotypic traits, we used 24 selected primer pairs to analyze the genetic diversity and genetic structure of all T. vernicifluum samples. The results showed that seeds from the NLS and ZYG populations performed best. Among all traits, seed length exhibited the greatest variation and highest plasticity. The average values for the Shannon information index (I), expected heterozygosity (He), and polymorphism information content (PIC) of the 24 loci were 0.377, 0.230, and 0.257, respectively, while the average inbreeding coefficient within populations (Fis) was −0.103 (Fis > 0). The ZYG population showed the highest genetic diversity, indicating that the T. vernicifluum has accumulated a large amount of genetic variation during its long‐term evolution. AMOVA analysis revealed that 47% of the genetic variation originated within populations. The 36 T. vernicifluum families were divided into three groups, and the six populations were subdivided into three subgroups. This study, based on phenotypic traits and SSR molecular markers, analyzes the genetic diversity of T. vernicifluum resources from different provenances in Yunnan Province, providing a theoretical reference for discovering elite genetic resources and selecting hybrid parents for T. vernicifluum breeding.

ABSTRACT Morphological datasets, such as character matrices, are essential for reconstructing phylogenetic relationships and understanding evolutionary trends in organismal form, functional morphology, ecological roles, and adaptive responses to environmental change. For fossil taxa, where molecular data are unavailable, morphological character matrices serve as the primary source of phylogenetic information. Sharing these datasets openly is essential for ensuring transparency, reproducibility, and replicability in evolutionary research. This data note presents a curated morphological character matrix for 52 Lucinidae species and two Thyasiridae outgroup taxa. The matrix includes 58 morphological characters with character state descriptions and associated character notes, a list of specimens examined, high-resolution images, the temporal range for fossil taxa, and a bibliography. Scoring was conducted through a combination of specimen examination and data extracted from published literature. The final matrix comprises 2,807 scorings with 6.93% missing data. The dataset is available at the open-access resource MorphoBank (Project P4896), ensuring long-term findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability in accordance with FAIR principles. It provides an important resource for lucinid phylogenetic analyses, species descriptions, faunal turnovers, conservation palaeobiology, and biodiversity of the lucinid-endosymbiont system.

Ramgarh is a district town located at latitude: 23.38 N and longitude 85.34 E. Moderate temperature, more humidity, dense greenery and rich in coal mines makes it one of the most attractive district of Jharkhand. Nature puts all the workmanship to create this place and reinforced all its beauty to it. It is surrounded three sides by hills and open at one side by planes .The hills, their slops, a variety of soils, plants and animals makes it a natural resource of biodiversity it is a niche of various kinds of animal and insect population. These insects pest destroy the agricultural and ornamental crops that gives economic losses to the farmers (Upadhyay 2022 ). The growing consciousness towards the consumption of vegetables and especially to onion as diet on health ground promote the farmers to intensification of onion farming. Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera ,thripadae ) is a serious onion pest widely distributed throughout the India, it causes both direct and indirect damage to onion crops ,resulting in high yield losses. The adult Thrips tabaci Lindman and their nymphs lacerate the surface tissues of the foliage, puncture the leaves and suck the exuding sap ultimately the whole plant dries up and the size of the bulb become small. The pest reduce not only the quality of onion but the quantity, nutritional value and the marketing approach also. It directly decline the supply of onion in agro market and cause price hike of this crop, its serious infestation losses 40% to 50% of the crop production .some peculiarity were also observed in this pest that males were insignificant, female reproduces parthenogenetically also. The life cycle of Thrips completed in 11 to 30 days. Female spend only 02 to 04 weeks and lays 50 to 60 eggs. Nymphal stages were 04 in which 02 were feeding and 02 were non feeding stage, Pre pupal and pupal stages develop inside the soil. Adult emerges from soil and started reproduction. The shortest life cycle is 11 to 14 days and longest life cycle is 21 to 30 days . The insect destroyed a major portion of cultivated crop and directly decline the onion market. The control of infestation of Thrips tabaci Lindeman (thysanoptera ,thripidae ) is very difficult so the farmers were advised to apply chemical as well as biological control methods .Carbaryl 0.1%,Monocrotophos 0.03% ,Dimethoate 0.03% were effective synthetic pesticides. In biological control some natural enemies as small birds, ants, mites plays very effective role to control the pest population, seranisus sps. also parasitised the nymphs of the pest and control the pest population.. KEYWORDS :Nature, Biodiversity, Infestation , parthenogenesis, chemical control, Carbaryl.

Abstract Beneng Taro (Xanthosoma undipes K. Koch), also known as giant taro, is a prominent local species from Pandeglang Regency, characterized by its large, yellow tubers. This taro holds significant economic value, as local communities widely utilize it. However, its ecological importance has yet to receive considerable attention. Examining the ecological perspective of Beneng Taro is crucial to understanding the interactions between biological and physical components within ecosystems, especially amidst challenges like climate change, land-use conversion, and urbanization. These factors contribute to population decline, threatening environmental sustainability. The objective of this study is to assess the ecological perspective of giant taro as a local biodiversity resource supporting environmental sustainability. The research employs quantitative and qualitative descriptive methods to explore the biophysical potential of Beneng Taro’s habitats. Results indicate that giant taro thrives in shaded biological environments, often coexisting with other plants in plantation areas. It also interacts with various fauna, such as insects, spiders, and ants, either directly or indirectly within its natural habitat ecosystem. Regarding physical environmental conditions across two research sites, findings demonstrate that Beneng Taro adapts and grows well under diverse conditions. The ecological perspective of the giant taro as part of local biodiversity plays a crucial role, not only in terms of economic value but also ecological value, in conservation efforts to maintain balance and sustainability.

Mastering the coupling relationship and driving mechanism between urbanization and biodiversity is of great significance to ecological protection and regional sustainable development. The study took areas along the Yellow River of Shandong province (AYRSP) as the study area, which have the most rich and unique biodiversity resources in the whole basin. First, this study constructed a new indicator system of biodiversity based on remote-sensing data from species, ecosystem, and landscape to monitor and evaluate the spatial heterogeneity. The result was quantified by the proportion of key biodiversity areas, based on Sustainable Development Goal 15.1.2 from The United Nations. Then, the urbanization system was evaluated based on panel data. At last, the coordination relationship, lead-lag type between biodiversity and urbanization, and key influencing factors of coupling system at the county scale in 2015–2021 were identified by combining multiple models. The results demonstrated that the biodiversity level was gradually declining, with a distribution pattern of “low in the western, and high in mid-southern and eastern regions.” The AYRSP still faced certain challenges in the sustainable development of biodiversity. The coupling coordination degree between biodiversity and urbanization showed an increasing trend with continuous improvement in the urbanization level. Only two counties were types of biodiversity-urbanization synchronous development. The results of grey relation degree model indicated that most of indicators were above 0.6 and the urbanization had a significant impact on the coupling system. This study established the evaluation system for biodiversity and urbanization at the small scale, which could provide theoretical reference for the sustainable development of county-level administrative region.