Currently, commercially available biodegradable plastics are not well controlled in terms of the rate and timing of biodegradation. To overcome these challenges, several methods have been proposed. Herein, we propose a new system for controlling the onset and degradation rate of plastic biodegradation by encapsulating endospores of degrading microorganisms into plastics with typically slow biodegradation rates. Endospores of bacterial strain YKCMOAS1 germinated and initiated biodegradation when triggered by surface wear of an aliphatic biodegradable polyester, poly(ethylene succinate) (PESu). The weight loss rate of endospore-containing PESu film immersed in seawater was approximately 7-fold faster than that of PESu film without endospores. The YKCMOAS1 strain used in this study grew in seawater and showed PESu film-degrading activity in a marine mineral medium. Based on the weight loss rate of the endospore-containing PESu films, they were estimated to have completely degraded into water-soluble compounds within approximately 400 d Meanwhile, the biochemical oxygen demand degradation test revealed that the water-soluble products from PESu, which were produced by the vegetative cells were completely biodegraded within 10 d Taken together, these results indicate that material hydrolysis by bacterial strain YKCMOAS1 was triggered by material wear, followed by rapid biodegradation. This is the first report of the application of bioaugmentation to the stable expression of environmental degradation of biodegradable plastics. These results might provide insight into the design concept of novel biodegradable plastics that not only exhibit environmentally independent biodegradation, but also allow control of the onset time.