Bioclimatic Potential Research Articles

Spatiotemporal Variability of the Bioclimatic Potential in the Central Chernozem Region

This article examines the bioclimatic potential (BCP) (according to S.A. Sapozhnikova) and agroclimatic characteristics of the Central Chernozem Region, including the Oryol oblast, with spatiotemporal trends of their variability analyzed from 1980 to 2021. In the early 2000s, compared to the late 20th century, there was a 10% increase in the BCP, a 13% rise in the sum of active temperatures, and a 6% longer active growing season. Furthermore, shifts in the isolines of the sum of active temperatures and the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) occurred. The active temperature isotherm of 3000°C moved northward, and it is now running through the Belgorod and Voronezh oblast. As a result of the observed hydrothermal conditions, a significant part of the Central Chernozem transitioned from the zone with sufficient moisture (1.3 ≥ HTC > 1) to an arid zone (1 ≥ HTC > 0.7). The overall growth of the BCP in the Central Chernozem Region can be associated with a considerable rise in the sum of active temperatures and a reduction in moisture supply.

Bioclimatic design strategy of vernacular architecture in the south-east of China: a case study in Fujian, China

Abstract Vernacular architecture provides valuable insights into bioclimatic design, an integral part of the architectural design process. This study aims to investigate the bioclimatic design strategies used in vernacular architecture in southeastern China, with the goal of inspiring energy-efficient restoration and contemporary architectural design. Initially, the Mahoney Table was used to identify a priori bioclimatic design strategies, serving as a reference for the field survey conducted in three distinct landscape regions. Subsequently, a field survey was conducted to identify and summarize the characteristics of 907 vernacular buildings across 63 settlements, focusing on their bioclimatic potential and categorizing them into five aspects of bioclimatic strategies. The results revealed that bioclimatic design strategies vary in response to local conditions, deviating from the recommendations of the Mahoney Table. This underscores the significance of empirical studies on vernacular bioclimatic design strategies. The findings from this study have practical implications for guiding regional building practices in areas with similar climates and landscapes.

BIOCLIMATIC AND HYDROMINERAL COMPONENTS OF NATURAL RECREATIONAL POTENTIAL OF THE CARPATHIAN REGION OF UKRAINE

Among the components of the natural recreational potential of the Carpathian region of Ukraine, a special place is occupied by bioclimatic and hydromineral resources, therefore the purpose of the work is to assess their features. The bioclimatic component of the natural recreational potential of this region determines the comfort (discomfort) of human sensations and well-being, so it is important to identify possible positive and negative impacts of various climatic factors and their dynamics in mountain and foothill areas during different seasons of the year. The bioclimatic component of the natural recreational potential is assessed from the point of view of the comfort of climatic conditions for the body of a healthy person. The work is based on the results of modeling the average daily values of air temperature (t), wind speed (v) and relative humidity (f) according to the RCP4.5 scenario (trajectory of changes in the average level of greenhouse gases concentration) from 2021 to 2050 and data from the climate cadastre of Ukraine (1961-1990) at three stations (Dolyna, Rava-Ruska, Uzhgorod) in the foothill areas of the region. There was conducted a study of the possible bioclimatic potential of the Carpathian region of Ukraine and trends of its dynamics until 2050. The article analyzes the features of mineral healing waters of four national nature parks of the Ukrainian Carpathians.

The bioclimatic potential of the Crimea

The bioclimatic potential of the Crimea

Формирование урожайности зерна люпина узколистного в зависимости от предпосевной обработки семян и нормы высева

To solve the problem of providing livestock with balanced feed, it is necessary to introduce into production the cultivation of leguminous crops that effectively use the bioclimatic potential of the zone. The aim of the work is to evaluate the effectiveness of pre-sowing seed treatment in the formation of agrocenoses of narrow-leaved lupine. The study was carried out in 2020-2022 on the experimental field of the educational, scientific and industrial complex "Agrotechnopark" of the Udmurt State Agrarian University in accordance with generally accepted methods and guidelines. The soil of the experimental plots is soddy-podzolic medium loamy with low and medium content of humus (1,8–2,3 %), mobile phosphorus - high (193-282 mg/kg), mobile potassium - high and very high (200-272 mg/kg ). The exchange acidity of the soil is from medium acid to close to neutral reaction (5,0-5,6). Be-fore sowing, the seeds were treated with the inoculant Rizotorfin (Rhizobium lupine) (1 l/t), plant growth regulator Melafen (5 ml/t), complex fertilizer Agree's Forsage (2 l/t), fungicide Maxim XL (0,4 l/t), complex fertilizer Agree's Forsage together with plant growth regulator Melafen, fungicide Maxim XL together with plant growth regulator Melafen, fungicide Maxim XL together with complex fertilizer Agree's Forsage. The untreated variant was taken as a control. The seeding rate is 1.0 million, 1.2 million, 1,4 million. Based on the experimental data obtained, the efficiency of pre-sowing seed treatment, which can be recommended to agricultural production to increase the productivity of narrow-leaved lupine, was revealed. Formation of the highest yield of narrow-leaved lupine 1,54-1.62 t/ha was obtained when pre-sowing seed treatment with complex fertilizer Agree's Forsage and its joint use with plant growth regulator Melafen and fungicide Maxim XL. The effectiveness of pre-sowing seed treatment is confirmed by a weak relationship between grain yield and root rot (r = -0,08±0,10). Keywords: NARROW-LEAVED LUPIN, PRE-SOWING TREATMENT OF SEEDS, SEEDING RATE, ROOT ROT, YIELD

Assessment of Natural Moisture Availability of Turkestan Region of the Republic of Kazakhstan

To increase the level of management efficiency in the agricultural sector of the economy, it is necessary to ensure the implementation of the sustainable environmental management principles, taking into account the spatial patterns of climate change and bioclimatic potential of the territory. The assessment of natural moisture availability of the natural areas of the Turkestan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 1941-2020 (by providing a comparative analysis of indicators for 1941-1960 and 2001-2020) was conducted based on the use of the natural moisture coefficient and hydrothermal index or "dryness index" predicated on energy resources (total of biologically active air temperatures above 10°С, photosynthetically active radiation, evaporating capacity and water consumption of agricultural land). The conducted survey has used the proven domestic, international and proprietary methods according to estimates of natural water availability in the natural areas. The results of a comparative analysis of climatic indices changes in the natural areas of the Turkestan region (by sixteen weather bureau stations) for 1941 to 2020 have shown that there is an increase in average annual air temperatures in all natural areas, and the annual precipitation tends downward which affects the formation of energy resources and natural water supply. The identified features of changes in the natural moisture coefficient and hydrothermal index or "dryness index" in natural area of Turkestan region, make it possible to adjust the spread of its boundaries and consider these changes in the territorial organization of agricultural nature management.

საქართველოს ბიოკლიმატური პოტენციალის კვლევა ჰიდრომეტეოროლოგიისა და გეოფიზიკის ინსტიტუტების ერთობლივ სამუშაოებში

A brief review of the results of the study of the bioclimatic potential of Georgia in joint works of the institutes of hydrometeorology, GTU and geophysics, TSU over the past 15 years is presented. In particular, data on spatio-temporal characteristics of such bioclimatic parameters as air effective temperature, Tourism Climate Index, Holiday Climate Index are presented.

RURAL SETTLEMENTS: PROBLEMS AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS

Abstract. The article notes that in Russia, both the reduction and the grinding of rural settlements are currently taking place. Destructive processes with a low level of technical support for production processes are getting stronger. As a result, the spatial development of agriculture has slowed down in most rural areas, and only in some large settlements in a number of regions with a high bioclimatic potential is there a concentration of social, economic and production potential. However, in rural territories with large agricultural holdings there is a reduction in production activity by small forms of management and the departure of the rural population to the city. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a system of organizational and economic measures aimed at the development of rural territories in order to prevent the disappearance of rural settlements in depressed areas and the development of large-scale agricultural production capable of providing a sufficient volume of agricultural and food products, necessary not only for domestic consumption, but also for export supplies, ensuring food security. First of all, this applies to 15-17 regions of the country with relatively favorable natural and economic conditions for conducting intensive and competitive agriculture, ensuring mainly the country's food security, forming its main commodity resources of agricultural and food products for interregional exchange and export, especially constantly demanded in the global agri-food market.

Technology of cultivation of annual Alexandrian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum)

The article discusses the results of research on a new technology we developed for the cultivation of an annual crop of Alexandrian clover (Trifolium alexandrinum), which includes a method of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with different terms and methods of sowing. Recently, along with agrotechnical measures to stabilize crop production, there is a need to cultivate non-traditional crops that are useful for human nutrition and health, and not the least role in this process is played by annual legumes. The short vegetation cycle and the intensive rate of crop formation allow them to be cultivated in repeated crops in places with favorable bio-climatic potential. Annual forage grasses have a variety of uses and purposes. In the zone of sufficient moistening, these are good fallow-grown crops. Annual legumes play an important role in creating a strong fodder base: in the summer, they are the main source of green feed production, they serve for the preparation of hay, haylage, silage, concentrated feed in the form of grass flour, cutting, full-fledged briquettes and pellets; annual legumes can also be used as a concentrated feed in the form of grain. Harvesting grasses in the early phases of the growing season and with multi-crop use with the use of artificial drying makes it possible to obtain a feed that is not inferior in total caloric content to oats and barley, and in protein content is significantly superior to them. Annual grasses are very diverse in terms of their agrobiological characteristics: they are widely used as preliminary crops on indigenous improvement lands and as links in the pasture conveyor. Our research conducted over four years (2017-2020) revealed that pre-sowing treatment of seeds of Alexandrian clover double and triple mixtures of PABA, the krezatsinom and infusion of chicory (against the background of preliminary stratification) provides low-cost, environmentally friendly way of pre-sowing stimulation of seeds of Alexandrian clover with simultaneous northering, adaptation, and selection of the best species for use in a specific region. Sowing clover for seeds is advantageously carried out with a width of 50 cm row spacing and seeding rate of 6 kg/ha. The optimal sowing date is beginning of March and the first week of September.

Contribution of weather conditions and anthropogenic activity to the variation of grain yields in the North-West of Russia

Current trends in climate change associated with the growth of heat supply contribute to the growth of bioclimatic potential and the increase in productivity of grain crops in the North-West of Russia. In such conditions, research is relevant aimed at clarifying the contribution of weather conditions and anthropogenic activity in the formation of the crop. The research was conducted on the crops of winter rye, spring barley, winter wheat, and spring wheat of the experimental landfill of the Menkovsky branch of the Agrophysical Research Institute. We studied various factors of anthropogenic activity, such as the level of mineral or nitrogen nutrition, an integrated plant protection system, seeding rates, and the size of seed material. Variance analysis was used in statistical processing. According to the results obtained, weather conditions were the most significant factor of productivity for winter cereals, and mineral nutrition was crucial for spring crops. The integrated protection system was less important than both the weather conditions of the growing season and the background of mineral nutrition of cultivated plants. This factor appeared to be the least significant for winter rye, which often has a favorable phytosanitary situation. The novelty of the data obtained lies in determining the predominant value in varying the yield of nitrogen fertilizers and herbicide treatment for spring wheat. A little less critical were the seeding rate and the size of the seed material.

Dynamics of the bioclimatic potential of agroecological zones of the Altai Territory in the conditions of modern climatic and anthropogenic changes

Dynamics of the bioclimatic potential of agroecological zones of the Altai Territory in the conditions of modern climatic and anthropogenic changes

Changes in Climate and Bioclimatic Potential in the Steppe Zone of Ukraine

Changes in Climate and Bioclimatic Potential in the Steppe Zone of Ukraine

Development of the food system in Russia and its role in the global food system

The basis of people’s livelihoods is formed depending on food security within the global system of economic security. It should be noted that one of the most important conditions is the stability of the economic system to a variety of internal and external influences, which may be of a political or economic nature. One of the priority areas for achieving food security in a significant part of the countries is the process of stimulating the development of national agriculture. Of course, this process will involve the implementation of special support measures, as well as increasing competitiveness in the domestic and foreign markets. It is also very important to provide appropriate protection against the food expansion of exporting countries. At the same time, food security implies the physical and economic availability of the necessary food products in the required quantity and assortment. Its achievement in Russia is due to the sufficiency of agricultural land resources and bioclimatic potential for the production of basic foodstuffs in the required quantities. I agree with the opinion that today the problem of food security has become paramount due to the following events: environmental degradation, changing natural and climatic conditions in the world, overpopulation and, as a result, the threat of a food crisis. The purpose of my study of this topic is to show the features of the development of the country’s food system.

Reserves of increased vegetable protein in the northern part of the steppe of Ukraine

The problem of providing the population of Ukraine with food is of strategic importance and is gaining more and more relevance. The main condition for the further development of the country's livestock industry is the creation of a strong fodder base and the improvement of the nutritional quality of all types of farm animals. In this regard, the issue of anticipatory provision of animal husbandry needs with high-quality, protein-balanced, cheap feed is of particular importance.In the conditions of global climate change, the productivity of traditional local types of forage crops is becoming increasingly unstable over the years, there is a need to involve in field forage production highly adaptive both traditional and rare and new types of perennial and annual forage crops, to create effective models of winter, early and late spring and post-harvest annual agrophytocenoses.
 Research was conducted with traditional and rare and new species of perennial grasses and annual forage crops. The soil of the experimental site is ordinary low-humus heavy loamy chernozem. The sown area of the plots was 80–152 m2, the accounting plots – from 50–60 to 90–139 m2, repetition three to four times.
 The results of 25 years of research on reducing the protein deficiency in green fodder when growing perennial grasses and annual crops for field fodder production, obtained at the Erastivka Research Station of the Institute of Grain Crops in the conditions of insufficient moisture in the Northern Steppe of Ukraine, are given. The directions of intensification of field fodder production on the basis of effective use of arable land, creation of various annual agrophytocenoses of different periods of use and increase of their productivity with the application of a set of agrotechnological measures aimed at increasing the production of green fodder and improving their quality, rational use of the growing season and bioclimatic potential in the Northern Steppe are determined. of Ukraine
 The regularities of the growth and development of annual fodder crops in winter, spring and post-autumn sowings, the peculiarities of the formation of agrophytocenoses adapted to the soil and ecological conditions of the region and their fodder productivity depending on technological methods, first of all, the selection of the species composition, the optimization of the terms and methods of sowing, the norms of sowing components have been established in mixtures and mineral fertilizer.

ASSESSMENT OF CHANGE OF AGROCLIMATIC POTENTIAL OF ULYANOVSK REGION FOR PLANT PRODUCTION

The article discusses the main approaches to an increase ofgrain production volume and maximum usage of bioclimatic potential in changing climatic conditions.Comprehensive assessment of factors of potential and actually possible crop production was studied. The initial information for the research was data of surface meteorological observations at six meteorological stations located on the territory of Ulyanovsk region from 1990 to 2019. For assessment of long-term changes of agrometeorological parameters, Fourier series expansion was used, parameters of the best sinusoidal approximation of the maximum and minimum points were determined. It was revealed that over the past three decades, there has been a steady increase oof the average annual temperature (5.2 ° C), especially in the cold season. Moisture supply is more chaotic, the change is heterogeneous, varying from 280 mm (2012) to 664 mm (2017) and the average value is 498 mm for 1990-2019. Barley has the greatest potential among grain crops in terms of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (8.3 t/ha), rye has the smallest potential (6.4 t/ha). In terms of the amount of heat resources and moisture, rye has the maximum crop production, wheat is sensitive to moisture, barley - to temperature regime.

Modern trends in the development of selection of vegetable and melon crops

The article reflects the issues of the current state of scientific research in the FSBSI FSVC, directions and prospects for the development of selection and seed production of vegetable crops are shown. Varieties have been created that realize the bioclimatic potential of the cultivation zone, meet market requirements, and are capable of producing high yields under the influence of biotic and abiotic stressors. Selection is carried out in a combination of classical methods with innovative technologies.Biotechnologists have improved the basic protocol for in vitro microspore culture for the Brassicaceae, stages of technology for obtaining doubled haploids in microspore culture in vitro for the Apiaceae are being developed. For the first time, an effective protocol for obtaining double haploids of European radish has been developed. Doubled haploids of vegetable crops of the Cucurbitaceae, Amarantháceae, Amaryllidáceae were obtained in vitro in the culture of unpollinated ovules. The Center conducts research on the increased content of biologically active substances and antioxidants. An important place is occupied by immunological studies on the resistance of vegetable crops to harmful diseases. The institution develops systems of protective measures against pests, diseases and weeds for vegetable crops based on the use of new environmentally friendly preparations. On the basis of fundamental and priority applied research of previous years, the creation of 21 varieties and hybrids of cabbage, table beet, tomato, sweet pepper, onion, chives, leek, cucumber, melon, lettuce, chervil, potato, aster, lychnis has been completed. Along with the creation of new breeding achievements, technologies for their cultivation are being improved through the use of new agricultural practices, microfertilizers, biological products and humates on vegetable crops in various soil and climatic zones of Russia. New agricultural methods are being developed in the cultivation of mushrooms. In the field of seed production, methods are being developed to increase the germination of seeds, seed production, elements of the technology for the production of mother liquors and seeds of various vegetable and melon crops; zonal seed production technologies that increase their yield. In 2021, a team of scientists received an award from the Government of the Russian Federation for scientific work "Development and implementation of innovative technologies for growing vegetables and potatoes to provide the population with environmentally friendly food".

Modelling of soil moisture change during the operation of the “Frigate” sprinkler

The irrigation process is one of the most important elements of technologies for growing crops on irrigated soils. The tasks of ensuring optimal soil water regime, eliminating gravita-tional water losses outside the zone of active moisture exchange and promoting the fullest use of plants of bioclimatic potential of the region require modeling of soil moisture dynamics in the process of wetting, as well as structures and technologies related to irrigation facilities. Soil moistening in the south of Ukraine is carried out mainly by sprinkling with the use of a Frigate sprinkler, which is largely close to the natural processes of moisture in soil structures, especially with the use of the latest Xi-Wob sprinklers, which provide uniform irrigation and uniform droplet size. The aim of the article is to develop a model of soil moisture change, which will determine the moisture content in both the root and near-surface layers of the soil and prognoses the movement parameters of the "Frigate" sprinkler elements. The designs of sprinklers currently available allow to provide uniform intensity of spraying of drops on all working area of "Frigate" sprinkler, therefore it is possible to choose a separate point for modeling. The data obtained for one point can be extended to the entire work area. The Darcy equation is used to mathematically describe the movement of water in the soil. The finite difference method was used to solve the Darcy equation based on the initial and boundary conditions. Assuming that within each soil element the humidity changes linearly, and replacing the partial derivatives of moisture in depth and time with the analogues, the discretized model of soil moisture dynamics in the final differences was obtained, which allows you to predict moisture at any time due to hydro-soil characteristics in previous time and boundary conditions. Discretization of the Darcy equation made it possible to obtain a model of the dynamics of the humidity of the root layer in the space of states. It turned out to be nonlinear due to the hydrophysical characteristics of the soil and was linearized by transformation into the Taylor series. The developed mathematical model of soil moisture change in the space of states allows to determine the moisture content in both the root and near-surface soil layer depending on its hydrological characteristics, type of cultivated plants, volume of water entering the fields from irrigation systems or in the form of random precipitation used to predict the movement parameters of the "Frigate" sprinkler elements.

Phytosanitary condition and yield of winter wheat in crop rotations of the forest-steppe zone of the Volga region

In the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Volga region, winter wheat occupies the largest area among grain crops, which is associated with its relatively high productivity, economic efficiency and the ability to unload the peaks of field work in the spring. Winter wheat makes fuller use of the bioclimatic potential of productivity, especially in the arid conditions of the region. Despite the fact that the adaptive-integrated approach to the joint use of agricultural techniques and chemicalization means when growing grain crops provides significant and stable yield increases, they require regular study to adjust agricultural technologies. The article presents the results of 3-year studies in a stationary field experiment to assess the influence of predecessors, methods of basic soil cultivation and plant protection on the spread of diseases and weeds, as well as on the yield of winter wheat. Studies have shown that the placement of winter wheat after clean fallow helps to reduce the infestation of crops, and after cruciferous predecessors (white mustard, spring rape)— the spread of root rot (Bipolaris sorokiniana (Helmintosporium sativum)) and leaf rust (Puccinia recondita). Winter wheat yield after different predecessors varied from 5.16 t/ha for pure fallow to 3.77–4.04 t/ha after nonfallow predecessors with a significant increase in adaptive-integrated plant protection by 0.37 t/ha (9.2%) and insignificant — for combined tillage in crop rotation — by 0.19 t/ha (4.6%).

СОСТОЯНИЕ И ОЦЕНКА МЕЛИОРИРОВАННЫХ ЗЕМЕЛЬ РОСТОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ

Purpose: assessment of the qualitative and quantitative state of reclaimed lands in Rostov region in dynamics according to the reclamation cadastre data for planning the main measures for their improvement. Materials and methods. The methodological basis for the assessment is the regulatory and technical materials of regime observations of Rostov hydrogeological and reclamation party – a branch of the “Rostovmeliovodkhoz” Department for basic indicators in accordance with the methodological guidelines and regulatory documents of All-Russian Research Institute of Hydrotechnics and Reclamation named after A. N. Kostyakov and the Russian Scientific Research Institute of Land Improvement Problems in the field of soil fertility control of irrigated lands. Results. In 2020 in Rostov region the area of land with an unfavorable ameliorative condition was more than 17.4 %, which reduces their productivity and the return of invested resources according to various indicators. A positive trend in the decrease in the area of land with an unfavorable reclamation condition from 23.3 % of the total area of irrigated agricultural land to 17.7 % was noted. When the groundwater level drops from 1 to 5 m, the coefficient of variation of irrigated areas decreases from 22.2 to 1.39. Conclusions. The comparative assessment of the main agroecological and productive indicators using reduction coefficients and points for negative soil properties for the period 2005–2020 made it possible to identify a positive trend in terms of soil bonitet, soil-ecological index, bioclimatic potential and efficiency of irrigated land use in terms of actual yield.

ИНТЕГРАЛЬНАЯ ОЦЕНКА БИОКЛИМАТИЧЕСКИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК УЛЬЯНОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ В ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНОМ РАЗРЕЗЕ

The article discusses the main approaches to increasing the volume of grain production and maximizing the use of bioclimatic potential in changing climatic conditions, and studying comprehensive assessments of the factors of potential and actually possible production by crops. The initial information for the research was the data of surface meteorological observations from 1990 to 2019 at six meteorological stations located on the territory of the Ulyanovsk region. In assessing long-term changes in agrometeorological parameters, Fourier expansion was used, and the parameters of the best sinusoidal approximation of the maximum and minimum points were determined. It was revealed that over the past three decades, there has been a steady increase in the average annual temperature (5.2 ° C), especially in the cold season. Moisture supply is more chaotic, the change is heterogeneous, varying from 280 mm (2012) to 664 mm (2017) and the average value for 1990-2019 is 498 mm. Barley (8.3 t/ha) has the greatest potential among grain crops in terms of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), rye has the smallest (6.4 t/ha). In terms of the amount of thermal resources and moisture, rye reaches the maximum crop production, winter wheat is sensitive to moisture, and barley to temperature conditions. Moisture resources are the limiting factor in agricultural production, and therefore the level of use of bioclimatic potential varies from 19 to 29% in PAR, from 25 to 44% in moisture resources, and from 32.8 to 66% in thermal regime. Therefore, among the priority problems associated with adaptation work is analytical and practical activities in the field of assessment and analysis of the transformation of agriculture, ensuring its sustainability for adaptation to modern changes in climatic conditions. To adapt to modern changes in climatic conditions, it is necessary to improve the structure of sown areas, the use of effective fertilizers, technical equipment, the use of elite seeds, modern technologies. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the objective function of the bioclimatic potential of development against the background of global warming, the consideration of the system of potentials for the agricultural development of the region. The work is of practical importance, since the assessments being developed are a necessary tool in ensuring the target orientation of a unified regional policy in relation to the formation and use of development potential, including contributing to the formation of an idea of the real and potential opportunities of the region.