Biochemiluminescence Parameters Research Articles

Oxidative status, carbohydrate, and lipid metabolism indicators in saliva and blood serum of type 1 diabetes mellitus patients

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an acute biomedical problem whose prevalence in the Russian Federation and elsewhere continues to rise. Regular blood glucose monitoring in patients with DM requires the identification of new approaches for the non-invasive assessment of glycemic parameters. Previous studies assessing the relationship between the biochemical composition of saliva and blood plasma found saliva suitable for DM monitoring. In this study, we assessed correlations between oxidative status and carbohydrate and lipid metabolism indicators in saliva and blood serum of patients with type 1 DM (T1DM). Methods: We included 80 adults, 40 T1DM patients divided equally into two sex-defined subgroups, 20 men (mean age 43.7 +/- 3.21) and 20 women (42.05 +/- 2.66), and 40 ostensibly healthy individuals, 20 men (41.05 +/- 3.54) and 20 women (43.35 +/- 3.18). Mixed saliva was collected on an empty stomach in the morning, and its glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, and total protein concentrations were determined. Oxidative status was determined based on biochemiluminescence (BCL) parameters. The chaperone-like activity of saliva was assessed using a model test system based on insulin aggregation suppression. Results: We found a positive correlation between biochemical parameters in saliva and blood serum and between BCL parameters, chaperone-like activity, and blood glucose level. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that saliva can be used as a biomaterial for diagnosing and monitoring the T1DM treatment efficiency.

IMPACT OF LIPID PEROXIDATION ON COLLAGEN FIBRIL DEGRADATION IN EXPERIMENTAL PERIODONTITIS

Lipid peroxidation analysis and identification of the main damage predictors lead to introduction of new diagnostic and treatment technologies into medical practice.
 The aim of the study was to evaluate the activity of free radical damage processes and identify their association with collagen metabolism disorders in the disease dynamics in experimental periodontitis.
 Materials and Methods. An experimental study was carried out on 60 white non-linear rats. A rat model of periodontitis was reproduced according to K.D. Shkolnaya and V.G. Atrushkevich method (Patent RU No. 2625295, December 07, 2017). The overall activity of free radical oxidation and antioxidant potential was assessed according to biochemiluminescence parameters. Lipid peroxidation activity was assessed according to the parameters of primary and secondary peroxidation products. Collagen metabolism was assessed by P.N. Sharaev method.
 Results. The rat model of periodontitis demonstrated a high level of free radical oxidation parameters. At the same time decrease in the antioxidant potential was observed throughout the experiment. It proved a significant inhibition of the antioxidant system ability to neutralize bioradical oxidation reactions. The resulting free radicals caused the collagen destruction, which formed the frame of the periodontal connective tissue structures. It was confirmed by hydroxyproline increase due to its free and peptide-bound fractions throughout the experiment. Finally, an increase in protein-bound hydroxyproline was determined against the background of high levels of free hydroxyproline, which was explained by the formation of pathological granulations and fibrillar collagen with an inferior short-chain structure.
 Conclusion. Chronic periodontitis is characterized by disturbances in the bioradical balance followed by the oxidative stress development, which induces the dystrophy of periodontal collagen structures. The data obtained substantiate the use of collagen peroxidation and metabolism markers as diagnostic criteria to predict the course of periodontitis, and also prove the importance of antioxidants.

1-benzoyl-6-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline exerts a neuroprotective effect and normalises redox homeostasis in a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion.

Ischemia is one of the main etiological factors of stroke and is associated with the development of energy deficiency, oxidative stress, and inflammation. An abrupt restoration of blood flow, called reperfusion, can worsen the effects of ischemia. In our study, we assessed the neuroprotective potential of 1-benzoyl-6-hydroxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (BHDQ) in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (CIR) in rats. Wistar rats, divided into 4 groups were used in the study: sham-operated animals; animals with CIR caused by occlusion of the common carotid arteries and subsequent removal of the occlusions; rats treated with BHDQ at a dose of 50mg/kg in the presence of pathology; sham-operated animals treated with BHDQ. The analysis of the state of energy metabolism in the brain, the level of the S100B protein and the histological assessment of the brain tissue were carried out. The antioxidant potential of BHDQ was assessed by measuring biochemiluminescence parameters, analysing the level of 8-isoprostane, products of lipid and protein oxidation, concentration of α-tocopherol and citrate, and aconitate hydratase activity during CIR in rats. A study of the effect of BHDQ on the regulation of the enzymatic antioxidant system and the inflammatory processes was performed. We demonstrated that BHDQ has a neuroprotective effect in CIR, reducing histopathological changes in the brain, normalizing pyruvate and lactate concentrations, and the transcripts level of Hif-1α gene. The positive effect of BHDQ was probably due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, manifested in a decrease in the parameters of the oxidative stress, decreased mRNA of proinflammatory cytokines and NF-κB factor genes. In addition, BHDQ reduced the load on antioxidant protection enzymes, contributing to a change in their activities, decreased the level of antioxidant gene transcripts and expression of Nrf2 and Foxo1 factors toward control. Thus, BHDQ exhibited a neuroprotective effect due to a decrease in the level of oxidative stress and inflammation and the normalization of redox homeostasis on CIR in rats.

Effects of N-[Imino(1-Piperidinyl)Methyl] Guanidine on the Intensity of Free Radical Processes, Aconitase Activity, and Citrate Level in the Tissues of Rats with Experimental Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Effects of a synthetic biguanide derivative N-[imino(1-piperidinyl)methyl] guanidine (NIPMG) on free radical homeostasis, aconitase activity, and citrate concentration were studied in the liver and blood serum of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Analysis of biochemiluminescence parameters showed that administration of this agent (10 mg/kg body weight) to animals with diabetes reduced the intensity of free radical processes in study tissues relative to the increased values in untreated diabetic animals. Under these conditions, aconitase activity, a principal target of ROS effects, and citrate level in the liver and blood serum of rats approached the control levels. The results show that NIPMG can positively regulate free radical homeostasis and reduce the intensity of oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus, which was accompanied by normalization of the studied parameters.

The effect of melaxen administration on the tissue oxidative status in rats with brain ischemia/reperfusion

Melaxen administration to rats with brain ischemia/reperfusion was accompanied by a decrease of the lactate level (an organ ischemia marker), biochemiluminescence parameters characterizing the intensity of free radical processes and total antioxidant activity, the content of lipid peroxidation products, activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, as compared with the values determined in rats with induced brain ischemia/reperfusion. Activity of aconitate hydratase, a sensitive target of free radicals action, and the citrate level in the brain and blood serum of melaxen-treated animals changed towards control values of intact animals. It is assumed that the effect of melaxen is associated with implementation of the antioxidant and protective properties of melatonin, the melaxen constituent, under conditions of post-ischemic reperfusion injury, accompanied by oxidative stress development.

Influence of 10-(6'-Plastoquinonyl)decyltriphenylphosphonium (SkQ1) on Oxidative Status in Rats with Protamine Sulfate-Induced Hyperglycemia.

An influence of 10-(6'-plastoquinonyl)decyltriphenylphosphonium (SkQ1) on oxidative status and activity of some antioxidant enzymes in the liver and blood serum from rats was examined during experimental hyperglycemia developed after injecting protamine sulfate. It was found that SkQ1 lowered glycemic level in rats treated with protamine sulfate. Moreover, it was also accompanied by restoration of the normal range of biochemiluminescence parameters indicating the rate of ongoing free radical processes, magnitude of primary products of lipid peroxidation such as diene conjugates, activity of aconitate hydratase, and level of citrate in rat liver and blood. Hence, it was demonstrated that activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, increasing during hyperglycemia, was decreased after administering SkQ1. This might be related to the ability of SkQ1 to normalize free-radical homeostasis imbalanced during hyperglycemia.

Воздействие тиоктовой кислоты на оксидативный статус тканей крыс при ревматоидном артрите

Проведено исследование показателей биохемилюминесценции, активности аконитатгидратазы и содержания цитрата в сыворотке крови и мышцах крыс в норме, при экспериментальном ревматоидном артрите и действии тиоктовой кислоты на фоне развития патологии. Развитие ревматоидного артрита у крыс сопровождалось увеличением маркерных показателей и параметров биохемилюминесценции, а также снижением активности аконитатгидратазы, происходящим, по-видимому, вследствие чрезмерной генерации активных форм кислорода при индукции патологии. Угнетение активности данного фермента было сопряжено с накоплением цитрата в тканях крыс. Введение тиоктовой кислоты крысам с ревматоидным артритом сопровождалось изменением исследуемых параметров в сторону нормы, что, очевидно, было сопряжено с антиоксидантным действием данного соединения.

Effect of melaxen on free radical processes intensity and some antioxidant enzymes activity in rats liver and blood serum under type 2 diabetes mellitus

The effect of melaxen on free radical processes and activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been investigated. It was established that melaxen administration to diabetic rats caused a decrease of the intensity of free radical processes as evidenced a decrease of the lipid peroxidation primary products content and biochemiluminescence parameters. The activity of the antioxidant enzymes changed towards normal values. These effects were probably induced by the correction of the melatonin level at the result of the melaxen action.

Комплексна біохемілюмінесцентна оцінка церебропротекторної ефективності цереброгерму на моделі закритої черепно-мозкової травми

Відомо, що гіперініціація вільнорадикального окислення фосфоліпідів мембран церебральних ней­ронів у місці первинного ушкодження за умов закритої черепно-мозкової травми відіграє ключову роль у патогенезі цього екстремального стану. Отже, для переривання даного ланцюгового механізму вторинного пошкодження мембран нейронів принципове значення має здатність потенційних церебропротекторних засобів реалізовувати антирадикальний захист головного мозку, що буде визначати характер перебігу та наслідки закритої черепно-мозкової травми.Раніше проведеними нами скринінговими дослідженнями на моделі закритої черепно-мозкової травми встановлена висока лікувальна ефективність вперше синтезованої координаційної сполуки ферум біс(цитрато)германат (цереброгерм).Метою дослідження було провести в динаміці біохемілюмінесцентний аналіз фармакотерапевтичної дії цереброгерму за умов закритої черепно-мозкової травми.Експериментально доведено, що досліджувана оригінальна координаційна сполука реалізує високу антирадикальну активність, на що вказує модифікація всіх параметрів біохемілюмінесцентного світіння на моделі закритої черепно-мозкової травми. Більше того, цереброгерм здатен ефективно сприяти збереженню пула ендогенних антиоксидантів, за рахунок чого частота обривів вільнорадикальних ланцюгових реакцій переважає над частотою його розгалужень і, як результат, процес ліпідного переокиснення, ініційований за умов травматичного пошкодження головного мозку, піддається різкому гальмуванню.

Effect of melaxen and valdoxan on free radical processes intensity, aconitate hydratase activity and citrate content in rats tissues under hyperthyroidism

The influence of melaxen and valdoxan on the biochemiluminescence parameters, aconitate hydratase activity and citrate level in rats heart and liver during development of experimental hyperthyroidism has been investigated. Administration of these substances promoted a decrease of biochemiluminescence parameters, which had been increased in tissues of rats in response to the development of oxidative stress under hyperthyroidism. Aconitate hydratase activity and citrate concentration in rats liver and heart, growing at pathological conditions, changed towards control value after administration of the drugs correcting melatonin level. The results indicate the positive effect of valdoxan and melaxen on oxidative status of the organism under the development of experimental hyperthyroidism that is associated with antioxidant action of melatonin.

Intensity of Free Radical Processes in Rat Liver under Type 2 Diabetes and Introduction of Epifamin

The effect of epifamin on free radical processes, the activity of caspase-1 and -3, aconitate hydratase and citrate content in rat's liver at experimentally induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) was studied. The action of epifamin at T2DM leads to a decrease in biochemiluminescence parameters, characterizing the intensity of free radical processes, and changes in aconitase activity and citrate level towards the control. Activities of caspase-1 and caspase-3 in the tissue decreased by a factor of 2.4 and 1.6 in comparison with the levels at the disease. Apparently, epifamin-mediated correction of the level of melatonin, providing a significant antioxidant effect, promotes positive action on the free radical homeostasis.

Influence of 2,4-dimethoxyphenylbiguanide on antioxidant status in rat heart and blood serum during myocardial infarction

Administration of 2,4-dimethoxyphenylbiguanide to rats with experimental myocardial infarction decreased the activity of cardiomyocyte-cytolysis marker enzymes in rat blood serum and the extent of free-radical oxidation as estimated from biochemiluminescence parameters and activities of aconitase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in the heart and blood serum as compared with pathology that was evidently related to a decreased degree of reciprocal antioxidant system mobilization. The results could provide a basis for further studies of 2,4-dimethoxyphenylbiguanide as a promising antioxidant and cardioprotector.

Effect of melatonin on antioxidant state under type II diabetes at rat

The effect of melatonin on the intensity of free radical processes and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1.) and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) has been investigated in liver and blood serum of rats with diabetes mellitus type II. The development of diabetes was accompanied by the increase in biochemiluminescence parameters and the enzyme activities studied. Melatonin administration changed the parameters studied towards control values.

The effect of melatonin on the antioxidant status of rats with type II diabetes mellitus

The effect of melatonin on the intensity of free radical processes and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1.) and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) has been investigated in liver and blood serum of rats with type II diabetes mellitus. According to results of this study the development of diabetes was accompanied by the increase in biochemiluminescence parameters and the enzyme activities studied. Melatonin administration changed the parameters studied towards control values and this is obviously associated with realization of the antioxidant potential of this hormone.

Intensity of myocardial free-radical processes and expression of glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase genes in rats with adrenaline myocarditis

A correlation between changes in activities of myocardial glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR) and the intensity of free radical processes estimated by biochemiluminescence parameters and the content of lipoperoxidation products has been demonstrated in rats during development of adrenaline myocarditis. The maximal increase of GPx and GR activities (1.8- and 1.4-fold, respectively) was observed 24 h after the development of the pathological process; this coincided with the maximal intensity of free radical oxidation. Using combination of reverse transcriptions with real-time polymerase chain reaction the cardiac mRNA levels of genes encoding GPx and GR were determined 24 h after the development of adrenaline myocarditis in rats. Analysis of expression of GPx and GR genes revealed a 2.8- and 7.3-fold increase of their transcripts in rats with adrenaline myocarditis, respectively. Obviously, overexpression of these enzymes can increase cardiomyocite resistance to oxidative stress.

Synthesis and effect of biguanide derivatives on biochemiluminescence and level of reduced glutathione in rat blood serum and brain under ischemia-reperfusion conditions

We have studied the effect of the newly synthesized biguanides N-[amino(imino)methyl]morpholine-4-carboximidamide (I) and N-[amino(imino)methyl]piperidine-1-carboximidamide (II) on biochemiluminescence (BCL) parameters including (i) lightsum (S) and maximum flash intensity (I max), which characterize the level of free-radical processes, and (ii) the slope of the BCL kinetic curve (tan α2), which characterizes general antioxidant activity, and on the reduced glutathione level in rats brain and blood serum under post-ischemic reperfusion conditions. It was found that the investigated parameters, which increased in response to the development of oxidative stress with brain pathology, changed toward normalization under the influence of the biguanides. A dose-dependent action of these substances has been established. The administration of I and II in 25 and 50 mg/kg led to the most pronounced decrease in the BCL parameters and reduced glutathione concentration while 12.5 and 75 mg/kg doses did not lead to significant changes in the studied parameters. The results show that biguanides introduced in certain doses can decrease the free-radical oxidation level and produce a neuroprotective effect.

The antioxidant status of patients with thyrotoxicosis during combined therapy with epifamin

The aim of this study was to investigate intensity of free radical processes and catalase activity in serum of patients with thyrotoxicosis during traditional therapy and combined therapy with epifamin. Patients (n = 25) were subdivided into two groups: the first group of patients (n = 12) received traditional therapy (antithyroid drugs, β-adrenoblockers, and the second group of patients (n = 13) received additionally epifamin (1 tablet of 10 mg 3 times a day, 10–15 minutes before meal for 7 days). The thyrotoxic patients were characterized by intensification of free radical oxidation evaluated in blood serum by biochemiluminescence parameters. During the combined therapy with epifamin there was less expressed intensity of free-radical processes and the increase in total antioxidant activity of the body, which was not observed during traditional therapy. The standard therapy of thyrotoxicosis by thyrostatics and β-adrenoblockers decreased catalase activity and thus exhibited a negative effect on the antioxidant status of the body. On the contrary, combined therapy with epifamin increased catalase activity and this could positively influence the antioxidant protection of the body.

Citrate influence on oxidative status of rats tissues under experimental toxic hepatitis

The effect of citrate free-radical oxidation intensity and aconitate hydratase, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in liver and blood serum of rats with experimental toxic hepatitis has been investigated. Citrate administration to rats with hepatitis decreased biochemiluminescence parameters and conjugated diene content in rats tissues, increased under conditions of CCl4-induced liver damage. At the same time aconitase activity, decreased at the pathology, increases. The superoxide dismutase and catalase activities increased in at experimental toxic hepatitis, tended towards control values after citrate administration.

The antioxidant status at patients with a thyreotoxicosis syndrome at the combined therapy with epifamin

The work purpose was research of degree of free-radical processes intensity and catalase activity in blood serum of patients with a thyreotoxicosis syndrome at traditional treatment and the combined therapy with epifamin. Patients (n=25) have been divided into 2 groups: the first group of patients - 12 persons who are on traditional treatment (antithyreoid drugs, β-adrenoblockers); the second group - 13 persons, are padding to basic therapy received epifamin on 1 tablet (10 mg) 3 times a day 10-15 minutes prior to meal within 7 days. Patients with thyreotoxicosis syndrome had an intensification of free-radical oxidation that was traced at measurement of biochemiluminescence parameters in blood serum. At the combined therapy with epifamin less expressed intensity of free-radical processes, and also increasing of the general antioxidant activity of an organism that did not descend at traditional treatment was observed. At carrying out of standard therapy of thyreotoxicosis syndrome, including application of antithyreoid drugs and β-adrenoblockers, catalase activity decreased, that unfavorable affected antioxidant potential of an organism. At the combined therapy with epifamin level of catalase activity, on the contrary, increased, that could influence positively on antioxidant protection of an organism.

Effects of biguanides on oxidative status of rat tissues after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion

We studied the effects of synthetic biguanide derivatives on the intensity of free-radical processes and catalase activity in rat tissues after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. We found that administration of phenylethyl-biguanide or (2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)biguanide in this pathology decreased the lactate/pyruvate ratio, an index of cell metabolism impairment, as compared to this index in rats with pathology. In the brain of rats and their blood serum, we observed a decrease in biochemiluminescence parameters, which was enhanced after ischemia/reperfusion and reflected the intensity of free radical processes. We also found a decrease in the mobilization rate of the antioxidant system as compared to the rate observed after pathology. These data show that the biguanide derivatives studied had antioxidant and protective properties in ischemic brain damage accompanied by oxidative stress.