Serum Biochemical Markers Research Articles

Effects of exercise combined with diet intervention on body composition and serum biochemical markers in adolescents with obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review aims to evaluate the effects of exercise combined with diet (ECWD), exercise alone, diet alone, and no intervention on body composition and serum biochemical markers in adolescents with obesity to provide reference for solving the metabolic disorders of adolescents caused by obesity. Studies published before January 5, 2021 were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang data, VIP database, and SinoMed. Randomized controlled trials with an age between 10 and 20 years, body mass index (BMI) ≥28kg/m2 or ≥95th percentiles, no history of endocrine and metabolic diseases, heart disease, hematologic disease, and so on before the trial were included. Fifteen of the 50,155 studies met the criteria. Meta-analysis showed that ECWD was more effective in reducing BMI (kg/m2) (-2.45kg/m2, 95% CI: -3.06; -1.85) and fat thickness of back (-13.77mm, 95% CI: -15.92; -11.62), abdomen (-11.56mm, 95% CI: -14.04; -9.09), and upper arm (-14.81mm, 95% CI: -16.74; -12.89) than other interventions; in reducing body fat (-7.03kg, 95% CI: -9.77; -4.29) and thigh circumference (-4.05cm, 95% CI: -5.58; -2.52), ECWD and diet alone were more effective than exercise alone; ECWD and exercise alone were more effective in reducing waist circumference (-6.05cm, 95% CI: -8.37; -3.72), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR; -0.06, 95% CI: -0.11; -0.01), upper arm circumference (-2.57cm, 95% CI: -3.70; -1.45), triglycerides (TG; -0.30mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.45; -0.14), total cholesterol (TC; -0.30mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.59; -0.01), and low density lipoprotein (LDL; -0.22mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.40; -0.04) than diet alone. ECWD also had effects on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6, leptin, and so on. ECWD is more effective than exercise alone, diet alone, or no intervention in solving the problems of body shape and metabolic disorder of adolescents with obesity.

Effect of Leptin Levels of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Complications.

To investigate serum leptin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the relationship between leptin levels and T2DM complications and prevalence. A total of 355 patients, 282 cases with T2DM and 73 normal controls, were recruited at 1st Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital (Beijing, China) between November 2013 and July 2014. Levels of serum leptin, biochemical markers and sexual hormones were measured, and clinical characteristics were retrieved through the electronic medical record system. Leptin levels in females were higher than that in males. Leptin levels in T2MD patients were positively correlated with body mass index, percent body fat, triglyceride, cystatin C homocysteine and salivary acid, and negatively correlated with glycosylated serum protein and glycosylated albumin levels. Leptin levels in males were positively correlated with systolic pressure and estradiol, and negatively correlated with testosterone and high density lipoprotein cholesterol. Sex (female) was positively correlated with the duration of disease. Leptin levels in T2DM patients with complications such as hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy and coronary heart disease were higher than that in patients without such complications. Leptin levels in females with diabetic retinopathy and diabetic macroangiopathy were higher than that in patients without such complications, but there was no difference in males. Leptin has significant gender differences. Leptin levels are related to body mass index, percent body fat and sex hormone level in T2DM patients and may affect short-term blood glucose control in T2DM patients. Leptin levels are related to complications in patients with T2DM and affect the prevalence rates of complications.

Anti-Fatigue Effects of Lycium barbarum Polysaccharide and Effervescent Tablets by Regulating Oxidative Stress and Energy Metabolism in Rats.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-fatigue effect of natural Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP) during exercise, develop a functional anti-fatigue effervescent tablet by applying LBP to practical products, and help patients who have difficulty swallowing conventional tablets or capsules. LBP was extracted with water, and DEAE-52 cellulose was used for purification. The chemical structure and monosaccharide composition of LBP by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FI-IR) and ion chromatography (IC). Lycium barbarum polysaccharide effervescent tablets (LBPT) were prepared by mixing LBP and an excipient. Animal experiments showed that LBP and LBPT significantly increased the exhaustive swimming time in rats. LBP and LBPT improved biochemical markers in rat serum, such as lactic acid and creatine kinase, enhanced the antioxidant capacity of rat muscle, and reversed the decrease in serum glucose, ATP and glycogen content caused by exercise. Transmission electron microscopy showed that LBP and LBPT increased the density of mitochondria in rat liver. In addition, molecular experiments showed that LBP and LBPT could improve oxidative stress caused by exercise by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway and regulating energy metabolism via the AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway.

Renal Dysfunction in Pediatric Patients in Iraq With β-Thalassemia Major and Intermedia.

BackgroundWith optimum transfusion and chelation therapy, the survival of β-thalassemia patients and the incidence of various complications, including renal complications, have improved.ObjectivesTo investigate renal involvement in β-thalassemia patients using serum and urinary biochemical markers of glomerular and tubular dysfunction.MethodsThis case-control study included 69 β-thalassemia major (β-TM) patients, 23 β-thalassemia intermedia (β-TI) patients, and 100 healthy controls, all ranging from 1 to 16 years in age. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum ferritin, serum and urinary levels of creatinine (Cr), uric acid (UA), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (Ph), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and potassium (K), and the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio were evaluated.ResultsThe BUN level and the urinary Na/Cr, K/Cr, Ca/Cr, Mg/Cr, Ph/Cr, albumin/Cr, and UA/Cr ratios were significantly higher in the β-thalassemia patients than in the controls. In contrast, the serum Na, K, Ca, and Mg levels were significantly lower in the patients (P<0.05). An elevated urinary UA/Cr ratio was found in 61.9% of β-thalassemia patients, and an elevated urinary Ca/Cr, and urinary albumin/Cr ratio was found in 53.2%. An elevated Na/Cr ratio was found in 41.3%. The serum and urinary renal markers showed no significant differences between patients with β-TM and β-TI, except for microscopic hematuria, which was significantly higher in β-TI patients (34.8%) than in β-TM patients (13%), P>0.02. At an older age, high serum ferritin levels and deferoxamine therapy were associated with significant tubular and glomerular dysfunction in β-thalassemia patients.ConclusionsPediatric patients with β-thalassemia have significantly abnormal tubular and glomerular functions, necessitating early detection and monitoring to prevent/reverse renal function deterioration.

Glabridin Plays Dual Action to Augment the Efficacy and Attenuate the Hepatotoxicity of Methotrexate in Arthritic Rats.

Glabridin is chemically an isoflavane class of natural phenols and is found mainly in the roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra. It has several beneficial pharmacological actions for the management of inflammatory disorders as well as can counteract drug-induced toxic effects. On the other hand, methotrexate (MTX) is the first-line disease-modifying antirheumatic drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. However, its treatment is associated with major side effects like hepatotoxicity. In the quest to explore a suitable combination therapy that can improve the efficacy and reduce the hepatotoxicity of MTX, we hypothesized that glabridin might serve the purpose for which there is no literature precedent to date. We explored the antiarthritic efficacy of MTX in the presence or the absence of glabridin using Mycobacterium-induced arthritic model in rats. The results of reduction in paw swelling, inhibition of serum cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), and improvement in the bone joints from radiological and histopathological findings suggest that glabridin can substantially augment the antiarthritic efficacy of MTX. Further, results of concomitant glabridin treatment with MTX in the experimental time frame demonstrate that glabridin could considerably prevent the MTX-induced hepatic alteration in serum biochemical markers (SGPT and SGOT) and oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione reduced (GSH)). Moreover, glabridin showed a marked effect in impeding the regulation of NF-κB/IκBα and Nrf2/Keap1 pathways in the hepatic tissues. The results of simultaneous administration of glabridin with MTX in the rat model indicate that glabridin had no pronounced effect of causing severe alteration in the pharmacokinetic behavior of MTX. In summary, glabridin can significantly potentiate the antiarthritic efficacy of MTX and can also minimize its hepatotoxicity via the inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress. Further research should be performed to develop glabridin as a phytotherapeutics for the improved efficacy and better tolerability of MTX at the reduced dose level of MTX.

Liquiritin alleviates alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced intrahepatic cholestasis through the Sirt1/FXR/Nrf2 pathway.

Liquiritin (LQ) is an important monomer active component in flavonoids of licorice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of LQ in cholestatic mice. LQ (40 or 80 mg/kg) was intragastrically administered to mice once daily for 6days, and mice were treated intragastrically with a single dosage of ANIT (75 mg/kg) on the 5th day. On the 7th day, mice were sacrificed to collect blood and livers. The mRNA and protein levels were determined by qRT-PCR and western blot assay. We also conducted systematical assessments of miRNAs expression profiles in the liver. LQ ameliorated ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury, as evidenced by reduced serum biochemical markers and attenuated pathological changes in liver. Pretreatment of LQ reduced the increase of malondialdehyde, TNF-α, and IL-1β induced by ANIT. Moreover, ANIT suppressed the expression of Sirt1 and FXR in liver tissue, which was weakened in the LQ pre-treatment group. LQ enhanced the nuclear expression of Nrf2, which was increased in the ANIT group. LQ also increased the mRNA expressions of bile acid transporters Bsep, Ntcp, Mrp3, and Mrp4. Furthermore, a miRNA deep sequencing analysis revealed that LQ had a global regulatory effect on the hepatic miRNA expression. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed miRNAs were mainly related to metabolic pathways, endocytosis, and MAPK signaling pathway. Collectively, LQ attenuated hepatotoxicity and cholestasis by regulating the expression of Sirt1/FXR/Nrf2 and the bile acid transporters, indicating that LQ might be an effective approach for cholestatic liver diseases.

Determination of strong ion difference and anion gap in serum biochemical markers of the lactating cow

Acid-base abnormalities are frequently present in sick animals. Measurement of strong ion difference (SID) and anion gap (AG) is not only useful in explaining the underlying disease mechanisms of acid-base disorders but also assist in proper treatment protocols. The objectives of this study were to determine SID and AG in serum of high yielding lactating dairy cows with a history of inappetence and drop of milk production. Data on serum biochemical markers of 8 cows were collected from diagnostic reports preserved at the department of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University. The SID was calculated as SID = [strong cations] – [strong anions] = ([Na+ ]+ [K+ ]+ [Ca2+]+ [Mg2+]) – ([Cl- ]+ [Lactate- ]) and the AG was calculated as AG =([Na+ ]+[K+ ])-([Cl- ]+[HCO3 - ] with all values in mEq/L. Mean value of total plasma concentration of nonvolatile weak acids (Atot) was calculated following the equation, Atot = 0.325275*[albumin] + 2*[phosphate], and the mean value of HCO3 - was calculated as [HCO3 - ] =SID-(Atot×Ka)/(Ka+10-pH), where Ka = 0.9 * 10- 7 and pH = 7.38 . The fixed value of lactate was 0.54 mM/L. The calculated mean values of SID were SID3, 37.56 mEq/L; SID4, 37.02 mEq/L; SID6, 40.14 mEq/L, respectively. Total plasma concentration of non-volatile weak acid was 28.10 mmol/L. And the mean value of anion gap was 16.62 mEq/L. Anion gap was highly correlated with the total plasma ion concentrations of non-volatile weak acids (r=0.99) followed by phosphate (r=0.89) and total protein (r=0.47). In summary, we may conclude that high total plasma concentration of non-volatile weak acids, hyperphosphataemia and high total protein concentrations were commonly associated with lactating cows.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Changes and Clinical Features of Neurosyphilis Compared with Latent Syphilis Infection in the Central Nervous System: A Cross-Sectional Study.

PurposeAt present, there is no gold standard or unified standard for the diagnosis of neurosyphilis, and the rate of misdiagnosis is high. The diagnosis of neurosyphilis is still challenging. This study compared the clinical indicators between neurosyphilis and latent syphilis infection in the central nervous system. The purpose of this study was to provide evidence for the differential diagnosis and prognosis of patients with neurosyphilis and latent syphilis infection of the central nervous system.MethodsThe clinical data of 59 patients with neurosyphilis and 30 patients with latent syphilis infection in the nervous system from 2008 to 2021 were analyzed. The cerebrospinal fluid and serum biochemical markers were evaluated for all patients.ResultsCSF-nucleated cells, CSF-TRUST, CSF-totalprotein and CSF-IgG (P<0.001) were significantly different between neurosyphilis and latent syphilis infection in the central nervous system. CSF-TRUST titer was positively correlated with D-D concentration (r = 0.274, P < 0.05), sodion (r =0.251, P < 0.05), respectively. Glucose concentration is the most unreliable in the diagnosis of neurosyphilis (AUC=0.445, P=0.395), and TRUST combined with nucleated cells and total protein is the most accurate in the diagnosis of neurosyphilis (AUC=0.989, P<0.001).ConclusionThe combination of TRUST, nucleated cell count and totalprotein detection in CSF can distinguish the patients with neurosyphilis and latent syphilis infection in the central nervous system, which has a significant diagnostic value.

Performance, hemato-biochemical indices and oxidative stress markers of broiler chicken fed phytogenic during heat stress condition.

Thermal stress is a tremendous health predicament encountered by poultry farmers with adverse effects on the performance, product stature, health condition, survival, and overall welfare of poultry birds, and so requires urgent dietary user-friendly strategy to curb. This study was conducted with 200-day old broilers for the purpose of investigating the potential of phytogenics in refining the negative effects of heat stress on broiler chicken. Moringa, Phyllanthus and mistletoe leaves were processed as phytogenic supplements and incorporated into standard ration for broilers as treatments B1 (control), B2, B3 and B4 diet during the peak of thermal discomfort in humid tropics. Growth and carcass indices were monitored in a 49-day trial and blood samples were harvested at the end of the ordeal period to assess haematology, serum biochemical and oxidative stress markers with the use of standard procedures. The results obtained showed that the prevailing environmental condition in the study site indicated that the birds were exposed to heat stress. Birds fed on moringa and mistletoe supplements had higher performance index than birds without supplementation during heat stress condition, while birds fed on mistletoe supplement had the highest survival rate across the treatments. The liveweight, slaughter weight, dressed weight and eviscerated weight of heat stressed birds fed on moringa, phyllanthus and mistletoe supplements were significantly higher than birds on control treatment. Heterophyl/lymphocyte ratio of heat stressed birds without supplement were higher than birds on phytogenic supplements, with least values recorded in phyllanthus and mistletoe fed birds. Birds on phytogenic supplement tend to have lower cholesterol profile, lipid peroxidation and better antioxidant profile than birds on control treatment during heat stress conditions. Mistletoe supplementation in broiler ration enhances the survival rate, as well as promotes growth indices better among the phytogenic supplements. However, phytogenic supplements did ameliorate the negative effects of thermal discomfort on performance, physiological and oxidative stress in heat-stressed broiler chicken.

344.1: C-Reactive Protein and Urea Levels Distinguish Primary Non-function From Early Allograft Dysfunction After Liver Transplantation

Introduction: A spectrum of graft dysfunction occurs after liver transplantation (LT), ranging from early allograft dysfunction (EAD) to primary non-function (PNF). There are no single or uniformly accepted laboratory parameters that differentiate these entities. Several biochemical markers are exclusively made in the liver, including urea, C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen. However, these are given les prominence than transaminases, bilirubin and International Normalised Ratio (INR). The aim of this study was to determine if routinely measured serum biochemical markers can distinguish PNFfrom EAD in the initial 48 hours following deceased donor liver transplantation. Methods: A retrospective study of all adult patients that underwent LTat our institution between January 2010 and April 2020 was performed. Patients that experienced graft loss from a complication other than PNF in the initial 14 days were excluded. Patients were grouped into an immediate graft function (IGF), EAD, and a PNF groups. The absolute values and trends of CRP, blood urea, serum transaminases, INR and fibrinogen in the initial post-operative 48 hours were compared between groups. Biochemical factors found to be significantly different between groups on univariable analysis were further investigated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) value was reported, and the Youden index was used to identify the optimum cut-off values. Results: During the study period, 2102 LTs were performed and 1937 were eligible for inclusion. There were 1394 patients with IGF (72%), 503 with EAD (26%) and 40 with PNF (2%) patients according to the study definition. A significantly greater proportion of grafts were from donors following cardiac death (DCD) in the PNF group compared to the EAD group (45% vs. 29%; p=0.04). The median (IQR) of each variable and the accuracy in distinguishing PNF from EAD is demonstrated in table 1 and 2 respectively. Lack of an increment in CRP (Day 2:1; 1.43 v 1.77, P=0.01) and urea production between on day 1 and 2 (Day 2:1; 0.71 vs 1.32, P=<0.01). The CRP level was significantly lower in the group that experienced PNF on both day 1 and 2 (Day 1; 20 v 43, P=<0.01, Day 2: 24 v 47, p=<0.01,). Urea production was significantly lower on post-operative day 2 in the PNF group (Day 2; 5.1 v 9.0, p=<0.01). An aspartate transaminase (AST) threshold of 2409 IU/L on post operative day 2 had the highest accuracy in distinguishing PNF from EAD (AUC; 0.83, Sensitivity: 81.3%, Specificity 81.4%). Discussion: CRP and AST are more effective than ALT and bilirubin in distinguishing PNF from EAD in the initial post operative 48 hours. Clinicians should consider the values of these markers when making treatment decisions for patients with early liver allograft dysfunction.

Melatonin arrests excessive inflammatory response and apoptosis in lipopolysaccharide-damaged rat liver: A deeper insight into its mechanism of action

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction. An animal model mimicking sepsis utilizes lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin recognized as the most potent bacterial mediator of sepsis. Melatonin (MLT), an effective anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agent, is a promising adjunctive drug for sepsis. This study aimed to estimate the potential of MLT in preventing LPS-induced liver damage in Wistar rats by determining the levels of serum and tissue biochemical markers that reflect liver state and function, i.e., serum levels of transaminases and albumin, as well as a panel of oxidative stress-related biomarkers. Additionally, a pathohistological analysis of liver tissue was conducted. Pre-treatment with MLT prevented an LPS-induced increase in serum and tissue liver damage markers and a decrease in the tissue antioxidant capacity, in both enzymatic and non-enzymatic systems. Micromorphological liver tissue changes mirrored the alterations observed in the biochemical status. In rats with LPS-induced sepsis, melatonin was shown to be a crucial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, with vital roles in the alleviation of oxidative stress, causing an increase of the antioxidant capacities and the improvement of the liver's microscopic appearance.

EFFECT OF MIXTURE OF LEAF EXTRACT OF Ocimum gratissimum AND Vernonia amygdalina ON CADMIUM INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN WISTAR RATS

The search for potential ameliorative substances for cadmium toxicity is still in progress, thus, this study investigated the invivo effect of oral administration of the leaf extract of Vernonia amygdalina (Bitter leaf) and Ocimum gratissimum (Scent leaf) on biochemical parameters; Alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate transaminase (AST), Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Albumin, Total protein and oxidative stress biomarkers Malondialdehyde (MDA), Reduced glutathione (GSH), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the liver of cadmium exposed Wistar rats. A total of sixteen female rats weighing 120-150g were used and they were divided into four groups with four rats each. The experimental period was for four weeks. Group 1 served as control, Group 2 (Cadmium 10mg/kg body weight), Group 3 (Extract 200mg/kg per body weight). Group 4 (Cd 10mg/kg + Extract 200mg/kg body weight). The samples were administered orally by gastric intubation through the use of a cannula attached to a 1ml syringe. Blood and organ samples were collected and analyzed. Results obtained from administered groups were all compared to the control. Serum biochemical markers showed significant (P≤0.05) increase in the activities of AST, ALT, ALP, but there was no significant change in Total protein and Albumin when values were compared to the control (Group 1). Comparing Group 2 to Group 4 showed significant decrease in enzyme activities, but no significant change in the concentration of total protein and albumin. Oxidative stress markers showed significant increase (P&lt;0.05) in concentration of MDA in the liver and significantly (P&lt;0.05) decreased the activity of SOD and CAT and concentration of GSH in cadmium control (Group 2) when compared with the control (Group 1). Comparing Group 2 to the Group 4 (cadmium and extract) showed significant (P&lt;0.05) increase in activity of SOD and CAT and concentration of GSH, while MDA had significant (P&lt;0.05) decrease. The results showed that the leaf extract had some antioxidant and hepatoprotective potentials, which can help in ameliorating cadmium induced stress to the liver.

Evaluation of the relationship between prestin serum biomarker and sensorineural hearing loss: a case-control study.

There is not any routine serum biomarker for diagnosing hearing loss (HL). An inner ear-specific protein, prestin can be measured as a serum biochemical marker for HL diagnosis. The present study investigates, for the first time, the relationship between prestin serum levels and sensorineural HL (SNHL) in an Iranian population. In this case-control study, 176 samples were examined in four groups including two control and two SNHL groups of 20-50 and ≥ 50years with different severities of SNHL. Plasma prestin concentration was measured using Human Prestin (SLC26A5) ELISA Kit. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS v.23 with level of significance as 0.05. Groups with SNHL had higher prestin levels (Mean = 182.29, SD = 71.24) compared to the control groups (Mean = 122.50, SD = 57.1) (P < 0.001). Results of the multinomial logistic regression of relationship between prestin level and SNHL remained significant after controlling intervening variables (P < 0.001 and odds ratio = 1.017 and 95% CI OR: 1.01-1.024). Results of the ordinal logistic regression model revealed that prestin level was significantly associated with the degree of HL (P < 0.001 and Odds ratio = 1.009 and 95% CI and OR: 1.005-1.013), so that the likelihood of HL increased with the rise in prestin levels. The best cutoff point for the 20-50 group was the prestin content of 132.5pg/ml (sensitivity: 75%, specificity: 70.05%), while for the group of ≥ 50 was as 130pg/ml (sensitivity: 84.1%, specificity: 68.2%). Results of the present study revealed that prestin acts as a valuable biomarker for SNHL.

Anthocyanin-Rich Extract of Red Cabbage Attenuates Advanced Alcohol Hepatotoxicity in Rats in Association with Mitochondrial Activity Modulation

Abstract Aim The liver is the main target for alcohol-induced injury. The aims of this work were to carry out further research into the mechanisms of liver damage induced by long-term administration of high-dose ethanol to rats and to evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra) anthocyanins (RCE). Material/Methods Male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group 1 was the control. Groups 2 through 4 received ethanol (4 g/kg body weight, 8 weeks). Group 3 received 11 mg RCE/kg and Group 4 received 22 mg RCE/kg. Dry lyophilised RCE was prepared from fresh red cabbage and analysed. We then evaluated the liver histology, mitochondrial respiration, and biochemical and immunological parameters in these groups of rats. Results The rat intoxication caused steatohepatitis characterised by macro- and microvesicular steatosis, ballooning and fatty liver dystrophies, lymphocytic infiltration, neutral lipid accumulation, and elevations of the serum activities of the liver injury marker enzymes. The treatment of alcohol-administered rats with RCE (mainly, cyanidin-3-diglucoside-5-glucoside, cyanidin-3-coumaroylrutinoside-5-hexoside, cyanidin-3-feruloylrutinoside-5-hexoside, delphinidin-3-feruloylrutinoside-hexoside) dose-dependently alleviated these pathological changes: The sizes of hepatocyte lipid vacuoles and the inflammatory signs were decreased, and the levels of the rat serum biochemical markers of liver injury, proinflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL-6, and the adipokine leptin (and not TGFβ) were significantly reversed. The RCE administration during intoxication completely recovered the changed liver mitochondria respiration rates and the ADP/O coefficient, as well as the phagocytic index and neutrophil metabolic activity in the blood. In experiments in vitro, RCE (13.6 μg/ml) modulated the respiratory parameters of isolated rat liver mitochondria, dissipated mitochondrial membrane potential, and inhibited the Ca2+-induced mitochondrial permeability transition. Conclusion The red cabbage anthocyanins could be useful for treatment of alcoholic liver injury due to their Ca2+-ionophoric/protonophoric activity, influence on Ca2+ homeostasis, and improving mitochondrial functions and inflammatory status.

Antidiabetic and wound healing potential of biologically fabricated chitosan nanoparticles of aqueous seed extract of Hunteria umbellata

Background: Hunteria umbellata (HU) is a tropical rainforest shrub in the Apocynaceae family, with various medicinal properties. Nanostructured systems improve pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of bioactive compounds. The current study evaluates the antidiabetic and wound healing efficacy of Hunteria umbellata-chitosan nanoparticles (HUCNPs). Methods: Aqueous seed extract was prepared from mature HU pods. Chitosan nanoparticles of H. umbellata were created by ionic gelation of chitosan with tripolyphosphate anions (TPP) and characterized using Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR). The streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model and wound excision model were used to investigate the antidiabetic activity and wound healing efficacy of HUCNPs. Serum biochemical marker enzymes and antioxidants from kidney and liver tissues were quantified. Result: FT-IR confirmed the successful cross linkage of bioactive compounds to the chitosan nanoparticles. HUCNPs had particle size of 408.6 ± 1.5 nm, zeta potential of 32.4 ± 1.6, and polydispersity index of 0.47. Rats treated with HUCNPs had a significantly reduced mean fasting blood glucose level. Serum levels of Glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and alkaline phosphatase were closer to normal than diabetic control. Catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were higher in HUCNPs-treated liver and kidney tissues, while lipid peroxidase (LPO) levels were lower. The topical application of the HUCNPs ointment significantly accelerated wound healing (81.6 %) and prevented the microbial invasion of the wound surface. Conclusion: This study suggests HUCNPs as an excellent strategy for targeted drug delivery for diabetes management and accelerated wound healing.

Liver Disease Assessment in Children with Fontan and Glenn Surgeries for Univentricular Hearts—The Role of Elastography and Biochemical Fibrosis Markers

Background: Children born with single-ventricle hearts require surgery in order to survive. Liver fibrosis is a known complication of Fontan surgery for univentricular hearts. Methods: In this study on 13 post-Fontan and 21 post-Glenn patients, we used elastography (shearwave and transient elastography) as well as serum biochemical fibrosis markers to evaluate the degree of liver fibrosis in comparison to 32 controls. Results: The mean Emedian and Vmedian values determined by shear wave elastography in the Fontan Group were significantly higher than the controls (4.85 kPa vs. 3.91 kPa and 1.25 m/s vs. 1.12 m/s, respectively). Fontan patients had significantly increased Fibrotest, Actitest, AST-to-Platelet Ratio index, ALT and GammaGT levels compared to controls. For post-Glenn patients, the mean Emedian and Vmedian values were similar to healthy controls, whereas the Fibrotest, Actitest and AST-to-Platelet Ratio index were significantly increased. Using transient elastography, we found significantly higher values for Emedian and Vmedian in Fontan patients compared to Glenn patients. Conclusions: Elastography and biochemical fibrosis markers are valuable non-invasive tools for screening and monitoring liver fibrosis in patients with Fontan and Glenn interventions.

What are the predominant parameters for Down syndrome risk estimation in first-trimester screening: a data mining study

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effect size of each parameter used in the first trimester Down syndrome (DS) risk analyses by using multiple regression analysis techniques. Methods This data mining study included data of 44,260 pregnant women screened at the Acibadem Labmed laboratories from 2010 to 2019. In this study, risk was calculated using the PRISCA software on the basis of nuchal translucency (NT), crown-rump length measurement, in vitro fertilization application, diabetes mellitus, Down syndrome story, smoking, maternal age, and the level of maternal serum biochemistry markers including pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) and free beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCGβ). Results Forty-four thousand two hundred sixty risk analysis patients result data were re-investigate, and 851 (1.93%) risk analysis results were found as positive. PAPP-A 747 (CI%, 476–1,170) times, NT value 512 (CI%, 343–764) times, DS story 21 times (CI%, 6.7–63.2) and hCGβ value 7.01 (CI%, 6.31–7.79) times affect the combined first-trimester risk analysis results. Conclusions We have suggested that those accurate PAPP-A levels and NT levels evaluation are the most critical point of combined risk analysis and that the risk of free hCGβ levels after PAPP-A is essential as a biochemical test.

Antidiabetic Activity of Ethanolic Extract of Seed Kernel of Sapindus emarginatus in Rats

Hyperglycemia is indeed a dyslipidemia across a Globe. An International Diabetes Federation (IDF) has Predicted a certain 366 million more people have diabetes in 2011 and it has been raised up to 552 million by 2050. It approximated a certain 40 million people of hyperglycemia through India in 2007 and yet this may predicted to grow almost to 70 million affected by 2025. LD50 study of the ethanolic extract of S. emarginatus seed kernel (EESESK) has been done throughout Albino rats up to a daily dosage constrain of 2000 mg/kg orally (according to OECD guidelines No.425 of CPCSEA) 1/5th, 1/10th dosage as from maximum dose examined for LD50 study results were again for experimental test research to examine a impact of S. emarginatus for a anti diabetes action. Insulin inefficiency was found in two selected model for my study. Alloxan hydrate at such a mg dosage of 150 mg/kg i.p after 48 hrs, the EESESK seed kernel it at a dosage of 200 mg/kg but also 400 mg/kg p.o have been administered. Dexamethasone 10 mg/kg, i.p, once daily. And at the inter of 30 mins EESESK 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg p.o had been conducted in rats for a period of 11 and 21 days respectively. At the end of the experimental, serum biomarkers such as glycogen, high cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL, and VLDL were analyzed by using semi-auto analyzer. In both models EESESK at a dose of 400 mg/kg exhibited substantial impact. Alloxan hydrate increased serum biochemical markers like glucose, high cholesterol, triglyceides, LDL, VLDL levels but decreased HDL levels. Dexamethasone caused an increase in serum glucose, High cholesterol and reduces High density lipopretein-cholesterol levels. The present study indicates that S.emarginatus seed kernel useful for the management of diabetes mellitus. S.emarginatus pollen seed found important reducing of glycogen TC, TG, LDL, VLDL levels and increased level of High Density Lipoprotein through diabetic concept mice. A enhanced high density lipoprotein is also Cardioprotective activity. Therefore S.emarginatus seed kernel must have future role to forestall forming of atherosclerosis but also cardiovascular disease.&#x0D; Keywords: Antidiabetic activity, Ethanolic extract, Seed kernel and Rats

Serum LDH: a potential surrogate to chest radiograph in pediatric Covid-19 patients to reduce radiation exposure

BackgroundChest radiographs are frequently used to evaluate pediatric patients with COVID-19 infection during the current pandemic. Despite the minimal radiation dose associated with chest radiography, children are far more sensitive to ionizing radiation's carcinogenic effects than adults. This study aimed to examine whether serum biochemical markers could be potentially used as a surrogate for imaging findings to reduce radiation exposure.MethodsThe retrospective posthoc analysis of 187 pediatric patients who underwent initial chest radiographs and serum biochemical parameters on the first day of emergency department admission. The cohort was separated into two groups according to whether or not the initial chest radiograph revealed evidence of pneumonia. Spearman's rank correlation was used to connect serum biochemical markers with observations on chest radiographs. The Student's t-test was employed for normally distributed data, and for non-normally distributed data, the Mann–Whitney U test was used. A simple binary logistic regression was used to determine the importance of LDH in predicting chest radiographs. The discriminating ability of LDH in predicting chest radiographs was determined using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. The cut-off value was determined using Youden's test. Interobserver agreement was quantified using the Cohen k coefficient.Results187 chest radiographs from 187 individual pediatric patients (95 boys and 92 girls; mean age ± SD, 10.1 ± 6.0 years; range, nine months–18 years) were evaluated. The first group has 103 patients who did not have pneumonia on chest radiographs, while the second group contains 84 patients who had evidence of pneumonia on chest radiographs. GGO, GGO with consolidation, consolidation, and peri-bronchial thickening were deemed radiographic evidence of pneumonia in group 2 patients. Individuals in group 2 with radiological indications of pneumonia had significantly higher LDH levels (p = 0.001) than patients in group 1. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient between LDH and chest radiography score is 0.425, showing a significant link. With a p-value of < 0.001, the simple binary logistic regression analysis result validated the relevance of LDH in predicting chest radiography. An abnormal chest radiograph was related to LDH > 200.50 U/L (AUC = 0.75), according to the ROC method. Interobserver agreement between the two reviewers was almost perfect for chest radiography results in both groups (k = 0.96, p = 0.001).ConclusionThis study results show that, compared to other biochemical indicators, LDH has an 80.6% sensitivity and a 62% specificity for predicting abnormal chest radiographs in a pediatric patient with confirmed COVID-19 infection. It also emphasizes that biochemical measures, rather than chest radiological imaging, can detect the pathogenic response to COVID-19 infection in the chest earlier. As a result, we hypothesized LDH levels might be potentially used instead of chest radiography in children with COVID-19, reducing radiation exposure.

The predictive value of maternal serum AFP to PAPP-A or b-hCG ratios in spontaneous preterm birth

The use of the second trimester alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) along with the first trimester pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) has been found to be useful in the estimation of unfavourable pregnancy outcome. Our aim in this study was to determine the relationship between maternal PAPP-A and b-hCG and AFP concentrations in spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB). This prospective cohort study included 372 singleton pregnancies with PAPP-A, b-hCG and AFP levels in the first trimester, which were converted to multiples of the median (MoM). The predictive ability of AFP-to-PAPP-A and AFP-to-b-hCG ratios for sPTB was evaluated. The risk for sPTB ≤34 weeks increased in women with AFP-to-PAPP-A ratio >7 (OR 2.9, 95% CI 1.2–6.4). Women with AFP-to-b-hCG ratio >0.6 had a 3.5-fold higher risk for sPTB ≤32 weeks. Increased maternal AFP-to-PAPP-A or AFP-to-b-hCG ratios in the first trimester may help to predict pregnant women at high risk for sPTB, and this may be beneficial in developing management plans. Impact Statement What is already known on this subject? There is a synergistic association between the combination of low pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) in the first trimester with alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in the second trimester with subsequent development of PTB. Maternal serum biochemical markers measured as a part of aneuploidy screening are reflective of pregnancy adverse outcomes related with placental insufficiency. PAPP-A and AFP have a low predictive ability to determine women at high risk for preterm birth. What do the results of this study add? Elevated AFP:PAPP-A or AFP:B-HCG ratio in the first trimester is associated with increased risk for sPTB. The ratios of these biochemical markers in the first trimester may be beneficial to identify women at high risk for sPTB. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The ratios may predict pregnant women at high risk for sPTB, and such risk may be helpful in the development of a management plan. Incorporation of AFP:PAPP-A or AFP:B-HCG ratios in the first trimester may help to improve the screening efficacies, and provide a simple alternative tool.